Questão 1
Questão
In which of Charles Darwin’s books, did he predict through the new science of psychology “Light will be thrown on man and his history?”
Questão 2
Questão
The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in philosophy and:
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anatomy.
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logic.
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dualism.
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physiology.
Questão 3
Questão
Historians generally credit the official emergence of psychology as a science to:
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Broca.
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Helmholtz.
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Wundt.
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Titchener.
Questão 4
Questão
Why are mindbugs interesting to psychologists?
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they reveal ways in which minds are constrained to process information
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they explain why humans are so poor at reasoning
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they can be used to understand human development
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they reveal the physiological structures of the brain
Questão 5
Questão
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is best known for his:
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experiments with salivating dogs.
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experiments with head-bobbing pigeons.
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work with clinically depressed clients.
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experiments with rats and mazes.
Questão 6
Questão
A school teacher gives yellow smiley faces for good work in the hopes of encouraging the children to do their best. According to principles of reinforcement, smiley faces would be:
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positive reinforcement.
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stimuli.
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reactionary agents.
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negative reinforcement.
Questão 7
Questão
Dr. Rowe studies what makes adolescents conform to the behaviors and opinions of other adolescents. Which area of psychology does her research best represent?
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cognitive psychology
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clinical psychology
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social psychology
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cultural psychology
Questão 8
Questão
Nurture is to nature as experience is to:
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adaptation.
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nativism.
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behaviorism.
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phrenology.
Questão 9
Questão
The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study opened in:
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Berlin in 1879.
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Berlin in 1889.
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Leipzig in 1889.
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Leipzig in 1879.
Questão 10
Questão
Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?
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structuralism
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behaviorism
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functionalism
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empiricism.
Questão 11
Questão
The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:
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humanistic psychology.
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Gestalt psychology.
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cognitive psychology.
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idealistic psychology.
Questão 12
Questão
Which psychologists insisted that psychology focus entirely on the study of behavior—what people do—rather than what people experience?
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functionalists
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behaviorists
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structuralists
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Gestalt psychologists
Questão 13
Questão
The advent of in the 1950s had an enormous conceptual impact on the development of cognitive psychology.
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statistical programming
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stimulus-response
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conditioning
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computers
Questão 14
Questão
Aristotle is to philosophical empiricism as Plato is to:
Questão 15
Questão
Which of the following people used the method of introspection to scientifically focus on basic elements of the mind?
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Wilhelm Wundt
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William James
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John Watson
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René Descartes
Questão 16
Questão
When his parents put him in his car seat and start up the truck, 2-year-old Mark almost immediately goes to sleep. The sound of the truck engine is a:
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response.
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stimulus.
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reinforcement.
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reactionary agent.
Questão 17
Questão
All of the following were cognitive psychologists EXCEPT:
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Sir Frederic Bartlett.
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Jean Piaget.
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Kurt Lewin.
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William James.
Questão 18
Questão
All of the following contributed to the rise of cognitive neuroscience EXCEPT:
Questão 19
Questão
Dr. Coblentz believes that most women prefer to choose young, physically healthy men for their life partners because this boosts their chances for producing healthy offspring. This outlook illustrates the perspective.
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cultural
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evolutionary
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behavioral
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developmental
Questão 20
Questão
What kind of psychologist is most likely to be working in a prison environment?
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educational
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health
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forensic
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occupational