Biochemistry MCQs- MAY 12

Question

The glycolytic pathway in dinosaurs

Answer 1

Was likely to be completely different to modern day animals, because every organism has different metabolic pathways

Answer 2

Was likely to be completely different to modern day organisms because they eat different types of food

Answer 3

Was likely to be similar or identical to modern day organisms, because metabolic pathways have been highly conserved through evolution

Answer 4

Is something we cannot make meaningful predictions about because we have no knowledge of how metabolism has evolved

Answer 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Amino acids

Answer 7

Keto acids

Answer 8

All of the above

Answer 9

Choline, phosphate group, glycerol, fatty acids

Answer 10

Choline, phosphate group, glyceraldehyde, fatty acids

Answer 11

Carnitine, phosphate group, glycerol, amino acids

Answer 12

Carnitine, phosphate group, glyceraldehyde, amino acids

Answer 13

Ketose monosaccharides

Answer 14

Chloride ions

Answer 15

Glucose 6-phosphate

Answer 16

Pass through the cell membrane

Answer 17

Are non-covalently associated with integral membrane proteins

Answer 18

Are covalently linked to membrane lipids

Answer 19

Are always linked to sugars

Answer 20

One with 14 carbon atoms and no double bonds

Answer 21

One with 14 carbon atoms and one double bond

Answer 22

One with 16 carbon atoms and no double bonds

Answer 23

One with 16 carbon atoms and one double bond

Answer 24

α-D-glucose units only

Answer 25

β-D-glucose units only

Answer 26

α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose units

Answer 27

β-D-glucose and α-D-fructose units

Answer 28

NAD+ and FAD

Answer 29

NADP+ and FAD

Answer 30

NADH and FADH2

Answer 31

NADPH and FADH2

Answer 32

To make ATP by substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 33

To regenerate NAD+

Answer 34

To make NADH for oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 35

To replenish Krebs’ (tricarboxylic acid) cycle intermediates

Answer 36

Glucose is generated from the hydrolysis of phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate. No ATP is produced in this reaction.

Answer 37

Glucose is generated from the hydrolysis of phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate. One molecule of ATP is produced in this reaction.

Answer 38

In mammals, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) can be a starting point.

Answer 39

The reactions are exactly the same as glycolysis, except in reverse.

Answer 40

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 41

Glycogen synthesis and degradation

Answer 42

Glycolysis and the Leloir pathway

Answer 43

The Leloir pathway and glycogen degradation

Answer 44

Two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate

Answer 45

Two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Answer 46

One molecule of glucose 6-phosphate

Answer 47

One molecule of fructose 6-phosphate

Answer 48

To shield the algae from the heat of the lamps

Answer 49

To provide a source of carbon atoms for the algae

Answer 50

To kill the algae after a defined time point

Answer 51

To solublise the compounds in the algae

Answer 52

Fatty acids

Answer 53

Is always covalently associated to the enzyme.

Answer 54

Is never covalently associated to the enzyme.

Answer 55

Can never be observed experimentally.

Answer 56

Can often be similar in structure to potent enzyme inhibitors.

Answer 57

A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site.

Answer 58

A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site.

Answer 59

A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site.

Answer 60

A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site.

Answer 61

Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.

Answer 62

Allows free ammonia obtained directly from de-amination of glutamate to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.

Answer 63

Allows free ammonia obtained directly from de-amination of tryptophan to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.

Answer 64

Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.

Answer 65

Are proteases that hydrolyse polypeptides with serine in the F1 position

Answer 66

Are proteases that are found in the cytoplasm of all cells

Answer 67

Utilise a serine residue at the active site to facilitate substrate binding

Answer 68

Utilise a serine residue at the active site to facilitate cleavage of peptide bonds

Answer 69

Half of Vmax

Answer 70

Two thirds of Vmax

Answer 71

Double Vmax

Answer 72

Three times Vmax

Answer 73

An acidic- or basic- amino acid in the active site of an enzyme facilitates transition state formation by hydrogen abstraction from an appropriate substrate.

Answer 74

An acid- or basic- substrate in the active site of an enzyme facilitates transition state formation by hydrogen abstraction from a catalytic amino acid in the active site.

Answer 75

Both are correct.

Answer 76

Neither are correct.

Answer 77

Can be covalently linked to proteins via the N-terminus glycine residue.

Answer 78

Is a polypeptide.

Answer 79

Is an essential component of eukaryote respiratory chains.

Answer 80

Can be covalently linked to proteins via isopeptide bond formation.

Answer 81

A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.

Answer 82

A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino acid side chains in the enzyme.

Answer 83

A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen containing groups present in a substrate.

Answer 84

A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.

Answer 85

The reaction will proceed fast with the formation of the explosive products.

Answer 86

The reaction will not occur spontaneously.

Answer 87

The reaction will never reach equilibrium.

Answer 88

The reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right.

Answer 89

ubiquinol/ubiquinone

Answer 90

ferrocytochrome c/ferricytochrome c

Answer 91

AMP, ADP and inorganic phosphate

Answer 92

Gradient of Na+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 93

Matrix fumarase and aconitase

Answer 94

None of the above

Answer 95

Light quanta

Answer 96

Cytochome c oxidase

Answer 97

Carbon dioxide

Answer 98

Caused by breakdown of glycogen

Answer 99

Caused by a buildup of AMP

Answer 100

Coupled to the recycling of NAD+ to NADH by lactate dehydrogenase when it oxidises pyruvate

Answer 101

Due to pyruvate being reduced by lactate dehydrogenase while it recycles NADH to NAD+

Answer 102

Inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Answer 103

Inhibited by AMP

Answer 104

Inhibited by citrate

Answer 105

Stimulated by citrate

Answer 106

Is the inhibition of glycolysis that occurs in anaerobic cells when exposed to oxygen

Answer 107

Is the continued use of anaerobic fermentation by cancer cells even in the presence of oxygen

Answer 108

Is caused by an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle in cancer

Answer 109

Is due to the inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by AMP

Answer 110

Inhibited by ATP

Answer 111

Stimulated by glucose 6-phosphate

Answer 112

Stimulated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Answer 113

Inhibited by citrate

Answer 114

Stimulated by citrate

Answer 115

Inhibited by AMP

Answer 116

Inhibited by citrate

Answer 117

Inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Answer 118

It is a mineralocorticoid

Answer 119

It is a peptide hormone

Answer 120

It is a steroid hormone

Answer 121

It is released in response to angiotensin II

Answer 122

The pituitary gland

Answer 123

The thyroid gland

Answer 124

The hypothalamus

Answer 125

The parathyroid gland

Answer 126

Sequential feedback inhibition

Answer 127

Common intermediate metabolites

Answer 128

The presence of aquaporins

Answer 129

End product inhibition

Answer 130

It increases glycogen synthesis

Answer 131

It increases fatty acid synthesis

Answer 132

It increases esterification of fatty acids

Answer 133

It increases protein breakdown (proteinolysis)

Answer 134

Separate A- and B-chain synthesis in E. coli

Answer 135

Phage display in E. coli

Answer 136

Pro-insulin synthesis in E. coli

Answer 137

Biosynthesis in brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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Biochemistry MCQs- MAY 12

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