1993688
Questão 1
Questão
What carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns blood to the heart?
Responda
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Pulmonary trunk
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Pulmonary circuit
Questão 2
Questão
Which side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood?
Responda
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Right side
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Both sides
Questão 3
Questão
To where in the body does the systemic circuit supply blood?
Responda
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The organs
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The arteries
Questão 4
Questão
What two major arteries return oxygen poor blood to the right side of the heart?
Responda
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Pulmonary trunk and ciliac trunk
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Superior and inferior vena cava
Questão 5
Questão
What cavity is the heart located in?
Responda
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Thoracic cavity
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Abdominopelvic cavity
Questão 6
Questão
What is located in the mediastinum, between the lungs and deep to the sternum?
Responda
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The heart
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The diaphragm
Questão 7
Questão
What is the bottom of the heart called?
Responda
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Apex
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Aorta
Questão 8
Questão
Also called the parietal pericardium, this is a fibrous layer of dense irregular CT and deep serous layer.
Responda
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Pericardial sac
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pericarial infarction
Questão 9
Questão
The epicardium (serous membrane on the external surface of the heart) is also called what?
Responda
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Epicardial sac
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Visceral pericardium
Questão 10
Questão
What is the space between the parietal and visceral membranes called?
Responda
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Pericardial cavity
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Pericarial sac
Questão 11
Questão
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Responda
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Epicardium, endocardium and pericardium
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Epicardium, endocardium and myocardium
Questão 12
Questão
Folds in the plasma membrane that interlock cells are called what?
Responda
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Interlocked discs
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Intercalated folds
Questão 13
Questão
What is the function of a mechanical junction?
Responda
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Tightly join cells and prevent them from pulling apart when they contract
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Tightly join cells and help them break apart when they contract
Questão 14
Questão
Channels that allow ions to flow from the cytoplasm of one cell into the next are called what?
Responda
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Electrical/gap junctions
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Electric slide
Questão 15
Questão
Cardiocytes are right in what three things?
Responda
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Myoglobin, glycogen and mitochondria
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Myoglobin, glycogen and ATP
Questão 16
Questão
Collagen and elastic fibers that provide structural support, anchor cardiocytes and electrically insulate chambers are called the...
Responda
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Fibrous skeleton
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Fiber skeletal
Questão 17
Questão
Which receives blood returning to the heart by way of the great veins?
Responda
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Atria
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Ventricles
Questão 18
Questão
What is an auricle?
Responda
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Ear-like extension, increases atrial volume
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Wall that separates the atria
Questão 19
Questão
Which ejects blood into the arteries?
Responda
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Atria
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Ventricles
Questão 20
Questão
Groove that encircles the heart between the atria and ventricles and contains blood vessels...
Responda
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Coronary AV sulcus
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Interventricular sulci
Questão 21
Questão
Anterior and posterior grooves that overlie the IV septum and contains blood vessels...
Responda
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Interventricular sulci
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Interatrial sulci
Questão 22
Questão
Wall between the ventricles
Responda
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Interatrial septum
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Interventricular septum
Questão 23
Questão
What is the purpose of valves?
Responda
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Ensure the one-way flow of blood
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There is no purpose
Questão 24
Questão
Which valves regulate the opening between the atria and the ventricles?
Responda
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Atrioventricular AV valves
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Interventricular IV valves
Questão 25
Questão
The _____ connect valve cusps to papillary muscles, preventing flipping or bulging of the cusps
Responda
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Tendons
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Tendinous cords
Questão 26
Questão
Semilunar SL valves...
Responda
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Regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles to the large arteries
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Regulate the flow of blood from the lower limbs back to the heart
Questão 27
Questão
Which valve controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?
Responda
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Pulmonary SL valve
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Pulmonary trunk
Questão 28
Questão
Which valve controls the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta?
Responda
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Aortic SL valve
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Ventricular SL valve
Questão 29
Questão
Failure of a valve to prevent backwards flow of blood?
Responda
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Valvular stenosis
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Valve insufficiency
Questão 30
Questão
When the cusps are stiffened and the opening is constricted by scar tissue, this is called what?
Responda
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Valvular stenosis
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Valve insufficiency
Questão 31
Questão
Regurgitation of blood through and insufficient valve
Responda
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Murmur
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Mumble
Questão 32
Questão
What is mitral valve prolapse?
Responda
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When the mitral valve closes before it's expected to
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When one or more left AV valve cusps bulge into the atrium during ventricular contraction
Questão 33
Questão
What is the meaning of myogenic?
Responda
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Signal originates within the heart
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Signal targets the heart
Questão 34
Questão
Initiates each heartbeat and determines the heart rate
Responda
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Sinoatrial SA node -- the pacemaker
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Autorhythmic
Questão 35
Questão
Receives signal from the SA node and directs it to the ventricles
Responda
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Antroventricular AV node
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Atrioventricular AV bundle
Questão 36
Questão
Nervelike processes that arise from the ends of the bundle
Responda
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Perkins fibers
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Purkinje fibers
Questão 37
Questão
The _____ rhythm is the NORMAL heartbeat triggered by the SA node (70-80 bpm)
Responda
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Sinus
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Coronary
Questão 38
Questão
AV node takes over the heart rhythm is SA node is damaged, called the _____ rhythm
Responda
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Nodal
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Sinus
Questão 39
Questão
In the SA node, a slow inflow of Sodium (Na) causes gradual depolarization. This is called...
Responda
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Pacemaker physiology
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Pacemaker potential
Questão 40
Questão
When the pacemaker potential reaches threshold, _____ channels open and _____ flows in, producing rapid depolarization
Responda
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Calcium (Ca)
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Potassium (K)
Questão 41
Questão
At peak, _____ channels open and _____ leaves the cell, causing repolarization
Responda
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Calcium (Ca)
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Potassium (K)
Questão 42
Questão
Once the potassium channels close, what happens to the pacemaker potential?
Responda
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Nothing
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It starts over
Questão 43
Questão
An ECG or electrocardiogram is a composite recording of what?
Responda
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All the action potential produced by the heart
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The German spelling
Questão 44
Questão
A pressure difference between two points causes a fluid to flow from _____ pressure to _____ pressure (pressure gradient)
Responda
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High; Low
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Low; High
Questão 45
Questão
What are the four phases of the cardiac cycle?
Responda
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-Ventricular filling -Isovolumetric contraction -Ventricular ejection -Isovolumetric relaxation
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-Ventricles fill -Blood stays -Ventricles eject -Blood leaves
Questão 46
Questão
The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in ONE minute
Responda
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Cardiac arrest
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Cardiac output
Questão 47
Questão
WHAT increases both heart rate and stroke volume?
Responda
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McDonalds
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Exercise
Questão 48
Questão
Resting heart rate ABOVE 100 bpm; resting heart rate BELOW 60 bpm
Responda
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Tachycardia; Bradycardia
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Bradycardia, Tachycardia
Questão 49
Questão
Where are the cardiac centers located?
Responda
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Medulla oblongata
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Medullary
Questão 50
Questão
What is the cardiostimulatory effect?
Responda
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Stimulation of the cardiac muscle
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Transmission of signals by way of the SNS to the SA node, AV node and myocardium to speed up the HR
Questão 51
Questão
What is the cardioinhibitory effect?
Responda
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Stopping the heart
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Transmission of signals by way of the vagus nerve to the SA and AV nodes to slow the HR
Questão 52
Questão
Which receptors send signals to the medulla in response to bp changes?
Responda
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Baro
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Chemo
Questão 53
Questão
Which receptors send signals to the medulla in response to increase CO2, H or O2 to increase HR?
Responda
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Chem
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Baro
Questão 54
Questão
Hyperkalemia is what?
Responda
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Too much potassium in the blood
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Too little potassium in the blood
Questão 55
Questão
Hypocalcemia is what?
Responda
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Too little calcium in the blood
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Too much calcium in the blood
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