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Biochemistry undergrad quiz (still making)

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Biochemistry Quiz sobre Biochemistry undergrad quiz (still making), criado por Lily O em 14-12-2019.
Lily O
Quiz por Lily O, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Lily O
Criado por Lily O quase 5 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Viruses contain either DNA OR RNA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
A virus that is composed not of DNA but of RNA is called a [blank_start]retrovirus[blank_end]
Responda
  • retrovirus

Questão 3

Questão
Viroids are infectious agents without protein
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 4

Questão
Prions –are infectious agents with both DNA and RNA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 5

Questão
Adenine and guanine are
Responda
  • pyrimidines
  • purines

Questão 6

Questão
A nucleoside is formed when a base is linked to the WHAT carbon of a deoxyribose (or ribose) molecule
Responda
  • 1'
  • 2'
  • 3'
  • 4'

Questão 7

Questão
dCMP and dAMP are examples of [blank_start]nucleotides[blank_end]
Responda
  • nucleotides
  • nucleosides
  • proteins
  • nucleic acid

Questão 8

Questão
In DNA and RNA, nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds between the [blank_start]5′[blank_end] and 3′ carbons
Responda
  • 2'
  • 3'
  • 4'
  • 5'

Questão 9

Questão
In all prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA is double-stranded
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
Guanine and Cytosine form a base-pair held together by [blank_start]3[blank_end] hydrogen bonds. Adenine and Thymine form a base-pair held together by [blank_start]2[blank_end] hydrogen bonds.
Responda
  • 3
  • 2

Questão 11

Questão
Most or all cellular DNA is A-DNA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
Z-DNA is left handed and A-DNA is right handed
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
Underwinding generates [blank_start]negative[blank_end] supercoils Overwinding generates [blank_start]positive[blank_end] supercoils
Responda
  • negative
  • positive

Questão 14

Questão
Single stranded DNA absorbs more UV than double stranded DNA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
UV absorbance rises as DNA denatures is known as the [blank_start]hyperchromic shift[blank_end]
Responda
  • hyperchromic shift

Questão 16

Questão
Tm (The temperature needed to denature 50% of the DNA molecules in a sample) is increased in DNA with high content of AT base-pairs
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
What are three key structural differences between DNA and RNA?
Responda
  • RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose.
  • RNA has deoxyribose instead of ribose
  • RNA contains adenine, cytosine and guanine (like DNA) but has Uracil (U) instead of thymine.
  • RNA contains adenine, cytosine and guanine (like DNA) but has thymine (T) instead of uracil
  • RNA is usually double stranded
  • RNA is usually single stranded

Questão 18

Questão
Plasmids carry non-essential genes, e.g. for antibiotic resistance
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Bacterial genomes usually consist of a single, linear chromosome made of double-stranded DNA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
Label this image
Image:
Euchromatin And Heterochromatin (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Heterochromatin
  • Euchromatin

Questão 21

Questão
(Length of DNA/ Length of structure DNA packed into) is known as the [blank_start]packing ratio[blank_end]
Responda
  • packing ratio

Questão 22

Questão
By mass, the composition of a chromosome at mitosis is approximately
Responda
  • 1/2 DNA and 1/2 histone proteins
  • 1/3 DNA and 2/3 histone proteins
  • 1/3 DNA, 1/3 histone proteins and 1/3 non histone proteins
  • 1/2 DNA. 1/4 histone proteins and 1/4 non histone proteins

Questão 23

Questão
20% of amino acids are arginine or lysine
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
[blank_start]Condensin[blank_end] is a ring-shaped protein that can anchor the ends of a loop of DNA
Responda
  • Condensin

Questão 25

Questão
[blank_start]topoisomerase II[blank_end] is an enzyme that can remove supercoils from DNA
Responda
  • topoisomerase II

Questão 26

Questão
Acetylation removes positive charge from side-chain and so [blank_start]weakens[blank_end] interaction between histones and negatively-charged DNA
Responda
  • strengthens
  • weakens

Questão 27

Questão
Eukaryotic chromosomes have 1 origin of replication
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
In bacterial replication, replication begins at a single AT-rich origin and is bidirectional
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
What enzyme carries out transcriptase?
Responda
  • Maltase
  • DNA transcriptase
  • RNA
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA helicase

Questão 30

Questão
To synthesise RNA, RNA polymerases require:
Responda
  • A primer
  • A double stranded template DNA molecule that Includes a promoter sequence
  • All four nucleoside triphosphates

Questão 31

Questão
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter in the [blank_start]initiation[blank_end] stage
Responda
  • initiation

Questão 32

Questão
RNA polymerase dissociates from DNA releasing the new RNA molecule in the [blank_start]transcriptase[blank_end] stage
Responda
  • transcriptase

Questão 33

Questão
RNA polymerase moves along the DNA molecule synthesising an RNA copy in the [blank_start]elongation[blank_end] stage
Responda
  • elongation

Questão 34

Questão
A [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] sequence is a sequence of DNA having similar structure and function in different organisms.
Responda
  • consensus

Questão 35

Questão
The holoenzyme carries out elongation but not initiation
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
Eukaryotic promoters differ from those in bacteria
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
RNA polymerase [blank_start]I[blank_end] - synthesises rRNA RNA polymerase [blank_start]III[blank_end] - synthesises tRNA RNA polymerase [blank_start]II[blank_end] - synthesises mRNA
Responda
  • I
  • ll
  • lll
  • I
  • ll
  • lll
  • I
  • ll
  • lll

Questão 38

Questão
RNA polymerase II produces a 1° transcript (aka pre-mRNA) which is processed in the nucleus to form mRNA. The main processing reactions are
Responda
  • Initiation
  • RNA splicing
  • DNA splicing
  • Cleavage and polyadenylation
  • Capping
  • Druining

Questão 39

Questão
Promoters recognised by RNA polymerase II usually consists of a core promoter that may include a [blank_start]TATA[blank_end] box
Responda
  • TATA
  • TAAT
  • ATAT
  • ATTA

Questão 40

Questão
RNA polymerases and DNA polymerases share the same mechanism.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
By mass, ribosomes have about a 1:2 ratio of rRNA to protein
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
The size of ribosomes is measured in Svedbergs (S) - sedimentation rate during centrifugation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
The small subunit on a ribosome catalyses peptide bond formation, the large subunit binds the mRNA being translated
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 44

Questão
mRNA is read from
Responda
  • 5' to 3'
  • 3' to 5'

Questão 45

Questão
The small (30S) ribosome subunit binds to the ribosome binding site on the mRNA in E.Coli
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
There are several ribosome binding sites on mRNA in eukaryotes
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
A sequence has [blank_start]three[blank_end] possible reading frames depending on where translation starts from
Responda
  • three
  • one
  • two
  • four

Questão 48

Questão
The region between an initiation codon (AUG) and a termination codon is an“open-reading frame”
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 49

Questão
How do amino acids recognise codons? Adaptor molecules deliver amino acids to the appropriate codons. These adaptors are transfer RNAs
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
How long are tRNAs?
Responda
  • Large: 220-293 nucleotides long
  • Small: 50-73 nucleotides long
  • Small: 73-90 nucleotides long
  • Large: 320-393 nucleotides long

Questão 51

Questão
All tRNAs have an anticodon
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 52

Questão
All tRNAs have the sequence GCA at their 3' end.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 53

Questão
the ability of some bases at 5' end of anticodon to pair with more than one base at 3' end of codon is known as the [blank_start]base wobble[blank_end]
Responda
  • base wobble

Questão 54

Questão
The enzymes that link tRNAs to amino acids are called
Responda
  • aminoakyl-tRNA synthetases.
  • aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
  • aminoacyl-rRNA synthetases.
  • aminoakyl-rRNA synthetases.

Questão 55

Questão
The classic example of inducible genes are the three genes required for utilisation of lactose by E. coli. These are:
Responda
  • Lac Z gene
  • Lac B gene
  • Lac A gene
  • Lac Y gene
  • Lac T gene

Questão 56

Questão
The [blank_start]operator[blank_end] is the binding site for lac repressor protein.
Responda
  • operator

Questão 57

Questão
The Lac [blank_start]i[blank_end] gene encodes the Lac repressor protein.
Responda
  • i

Questão 58

Questão
Transcription of the genes of the lac operon is repressed by the lac [blank_start]repressor[blank_end] protein
Responda
  • repressor

Questão 59

Questão
When lactose is absent, the lac repressor protein binds to the promoter
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 60

Questão
When the lac repressor protein is bound to the operator, RNA polymerase can still bind to the promoter but cannot initiate transcription.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 61

Questão
When lactose is present some is converted into an isomer called [blank_start]allolactose[blank_end].
Responda
  • allolactose

Questão 62

Questão
Allolactose binds to the lac repressor protein inducing a conformational change so that lac repressor cannot bind to operator.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 63

Questão
Lactose breakdown is only necessary if glucose is not available. Therefore when both lactose and glucose are present in environment, lac operon genes only transcribed weakly. This effect is called [blank_start]Catabolite[blank_end] Repression
Responda
  • Catabolite

Questão 64

Questão
Removal of catabolite repression requires:
Responda
  • The Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP)
  • cAMP
  • ATP
  • Lac i gene

Questão 65

Questão
When glucose conc’ is high the cAMP conc’ is low
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 66

Questão
[blank_start]Monosaccharides[blank_end] are colourless, crystalline solids, water soluble and most are sweet tasting.
Responda
  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides

Questão 67

Questão
In general, a molecule with n chiral centres can have [blank_start]2[blank_end]n stereoisomers
Responda
  • 2
  • 1
  • 3
  • 4

Questão 68

Questão
[blank_start]Epimers[blank_end]: each of two isomers with different configurations of atoms about one of several asymmetric carbon atoms present
Responda
  • Epimers

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