Questão 1
Questão
Soft connective tissue consists of cells embedded in what?
Responda
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Extracellular matrix
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Collagen fibres
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Serous membranes
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Adipose tissue
Questão 2
Questão
The volume of the matrix of soft connective tissue is greater than that which is occupied by cells.
Questão 3
Questão
What is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix?
Questão 4
Questão
The cells and collagen fibres of the extracellular matrix are embedded in a gel formed by proteoglycans. What are proteoglycans?
Responda
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Proteins bonded to mucopolysaccharide/glycosaminoglycan groups
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Proteins bonded to starch
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Proteins formed exclusively of hydrophilic amino acid residues
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Two amino acids bonded to a monosaccharide
Questão 5
Questão
What is the best description of the shape of a fibroblast?
Responda
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Elliptical nucleus surrounded by branched cytoplasm
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Branched nucleus surrounded by elliptical cytoplasm
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Unbranched cytoplasm with more than 2 nuclei
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Long, thin cytoplasm with no nucleus
Questão 6
Questão
What is the name given to the amorphous gel-like substance found in the extracellular space which contains all the components of the ECM apart from collagen and elastin fibres?
Responda
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Ground substance
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Proteoglycan
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Mucus
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Adipose tissue
Questão 7
Questão
What is the name of the adhesive proteins in the extracellular matrix that cross-link cells to proteins via the cytoskeleton?
Responda
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Integrin
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Claudin
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Occludin
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Matrin
Questão 8
Questão
Fill in the blanks below to describe the strucure of the proteoglycans.
Proteoglycans are long [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] with glycosaminoglycan polymers extending from them. Glycosaminoglycans are [blank_start]polysaccharides[blank_end] which are too stiff to fold into compact structures due to the [blank_start]repulsion[blank_end] of their subunits. This means that they adopt a highly [blank_start]extended[blank_end] shape. Proteoglycans have a high density of negative charge due to [blank_start]sulfate[blank_end] groups. These produce as osmotically active 'ion cloud' that readily attracts [blank_start]water[blank_end] to form gels. This gel creates [blank_start]turgor[blank_end] pressure that allows the extracellular matrix to withstand [blank_start]compression[blank_end].
Responda
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proteins
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repulsion
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polysaccharides
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extended
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sulfate
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water
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turgor
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compression
Questão 9
Questão
The glycosaminoglycan is a polymer of repeating units of what?
Responda
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Disaccharides (ABABAB polymer)
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Monosaccharides (AAAAAApolymer)
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Trisaccharides (ABCABC polymer)
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Amino acids
Questão 10
Questão
Fill in the blanks below to describe the structure of collagen.
Collagen molecules consist of [blank_start]3[blank_end] polypeptides wound in a [blank_start]triple[blank_end] helix. These helices become bundled and crosslinked into [blank_start]fibrils[blank_end] and then into [blank_start]fibres[blank_end].
Questão 11
Questão
Fibril-forming collagens are visible.
Type [blank_start]I[blank_end] occurs in skin, tendon, bone and dentin and is resistant to [blank_start]tension[blank_end].
Type [blank_start]II[blank_end] occurs in cartilage and the vitreous of the eye. It is resistant to [blank_start]pressure[blank_end].
Type [blank_start]III[blank_end] occurs in skin, muscle, blood vessels, liver and provides structural framework and [blank_start]stability[blank_end].
Responda
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I
-
II
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III
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stability
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pressure
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tension
Questão 12
Questão
Which type of collagen - a network-forming type collagen - is present in all basement membranes which serves to support cells and filter materials?
Responda
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Type IV
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Type VI
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Type VII
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Type I
Questão 13
Questão
Which fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) are associated with type I and type II fibrils which serve to bind fibrils together or bind fibrils to the ECM? Check all that apply.
Responda
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Type VI
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Type IX
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Type I
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Type II
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Type III
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Type V
Questão 14
Questão
Which type of collagen - an anchoring filament type collagen - occurs in the epithelial tissue and serves to link the epidermis to the basal lamina?
Responda
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Type VII
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Type VIII
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Type I
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Type II
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Type V
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Type IV
Questão 15
Questão
Sheet collagens form part of the underlying layer of the basement membrane. Like other collagens, they form a triple helix.
Questão 16
Questão
Which type of soft connective tissue is found in the embryo and bone marrow and is required for embryonic development as well as growth/repair?
Responda
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Mesenchyme
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Areolar
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Dense
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Reticular
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Adipose
Questão 17
Questão
Which type of soft connective tissue is required to maintain organ position by attaching epithelial tissue to underlying tissue?
Responda
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Areolar
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Mesenchyme
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Dense
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Reticular
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Adipose
Questão 18
Questão
Which type of soft connective tissue provides tensile strength through elastic fibres and is thus found in tendons, the dermis and organ capsules?
Responda
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Dense
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Areolar
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Mesenchyme
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Reticular
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Adipose
Questão 19
Questão
What type of soft connective tissue provides support for organs and is thus found in the lymphatic tissue, bone marrow and spleen?
Responda
-
Mesenchyme
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Areolar
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Dense
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Reticular
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Adipose
Questão 20
Questão
Which type of soft connective tissue serves as a storage of fat as an energy source and shock absorber, occurring around the organs and in the breasts?
Responda
-
Mesenchyme
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Areolar
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Dense
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Reticular
-
Adipose
Questão 21
Questão
Fill in the blanks below to describe the structure of elastin.
Elastic fibres consist of a network of microfibrils of [blank_start]fibrillin[blank_end] with a core of cross-linked elastin. Elastin forms [blank_start]low[blank_end] energy [blank_start]coiled[blank_end] protein structures with [blank_start]covalent[blank_end] linkages between neighbouring molecules. Under pressure, elastin stores energy as it [blank_start]stretches[blank_end]. It uses this stored energy to [blank_start]recoil[blank_end] and adopt its previous lower energy conformation when the pressure is released.
Responda
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fibrillin
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low
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coiled
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covalent
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stretches
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recoil
Questão 22
Questão
Elastin is continuously made throughout life.
Questão 23
Questão
Elastin is sensitive to damage from what?
Responda
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UV radiation
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Thermal radiation
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Gamma radiation
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Nitrous oxide
Questão 24
Questão
What name is given to a type of cell that is produced in the same region in which it will perform its specialised function?
Responda
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Indigenous cell
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Immigrant cell
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Homebody cell
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Static cell
Questão 25
Questão
What name is given to a type of cell that moves to a region in response to a bodily condition, for example the leukocytes?
Responda
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Immigrant cells
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Migrant cells
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Pilgrim cells
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Motile cells
Questão 26
Questão
Mast cells are examples of [blank_start]progenitor[blank_end] cells. These are similar to stem cells but are more specific - they have the tendency to differentiate into a certain cell type instead of any cell. They remain in the [blank_start]connective tissue[blank_end] permanently and rapidly [blank_start]divide[blank_end] to replace themselves.
Responda
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progenitor
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connective tissue
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divide