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Microbiology Exam 2

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BY320 Exam 2 multiple choice questions
Erma
Quiz por Erma, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Erma mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
ALL eaukaryotes contain
Responda
  • mitochondria
  • hydrogenosomes
  • a membrane-enclosed nucleus
  • all of the above

Questão 2

Questão
The endoplasmic reticulum is
Responda
  • continuous with the Golgi apparatus
  • located around the nuclear membrane but is not in actual contact with it.
  • a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.
  • all of the above.

Questão 3

Questão
The Golgi apparatus functions to
Responda
  • modify and secrete proteins to the external environment
  • sort proteins used within the cell
  • synthesize protiens
  • both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures

Questão 4

Questão
The foraminifera
Responda
  • are a major component of the White Cliffs of Dover
  • have shells known as tests
  • inhabit coastal marine environments
  • are all of the above

Questão 5

Questão
Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?
Responda
  • Most terrestrial fungi are animal parasites
  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic
  • Most fungi are terrestrial and inhabit soil or dead plant matter
  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily freshwater aquatic

Questão 6

Questão
Diatoms are
Responda
  • more closely related to slime molds than to algae
  • a type of fungus
  • morphologically symmetric
  • all of the above

Questão 7

Questão
Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?
Responda
  • euglenoids
  • red algae
  • brown algae
  • green algae

Questão 8

Questão
Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized?
Responda
  • lysosome
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondrion
  • nucleolus

Questão 9

Questão
What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?
Responda
  • endosymbiosis
  • sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes
  • secondary endosymbiosis
  • none of the above

Questão 10

Questão
The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called
Responda
  • mitosomes
  • lysosomes
  • stromas
  • cristae

Questão 11

Questão
Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?
Responda
  • chytrids
  • zygomycetes
  • ciliates
  • cercozoans

Questão 12

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?
Responda
  • protists
  • red algae
  • fungi
  • viruses

Questão 13

Questão
The amoebozoa use what structure for movement and feeding?
Responda
  • cilia
  • threadlike pseudopodia
  • lobe-shaped pseudopodia
  • flagella

Questão 14

Questão
Agents that kill bacteria are said to be
Responda
  • bacteriostatic
  • bacteriocidal
  • inhibitory
  • all of the above

Questão 15

Questão
The complete elimination of all microorganisms include viruses is called
Responda
  • disinfection
  • decontamination
  • sterilization
  • any of the above

Questão 16

Questão
The process by which macromolecules lose their structure and ability to function is called
Responda
  • thermal death
  • denaturation
  • sterilization
  • none of the above

Questão 17

Questão
UV radiation is antimicrobial, because
Responda
  • radiation generates magnetic poles that denature the cellular components
  • radiation generates significant amounts of heat within the given cell
  • energy present causes modifications or breaks in the DNA molecules
  • all of the above are true

Questão 18

Questão
Ergosterol inhibitors specifically target
Responda
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • bacteria
  • eukaryotes

Questão 19

Questão
A ________ filter is most often used to filter sterilize liquids.
Responda
  • microbistat
  • nucleation track
  • depth
  • membrane

Questão 20

Questão
The action of some bacteriolytic chemical agents can be observed by noting a(n)
Responda
  • decrease in turbidity of the medium
  • change in the color of the medium
  • increase in the turbidity of the medium
  • change in the surface tension of the medium

Questão 21

Questão
In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the _______ is measured.
Responda
  • turbidity of the medium
  • diameter of the zone of inhibition
  • distance between the microbial colonies
  • diameter of the individual microbial colonies

Questão 22

Questão
Polyoxins interfere with
Responda
  • chitin biosynthesis
  • fungal mitosis
  • cell membrane synthesis
  • all of the above

Questão 23

Questão
Of all known antibiotics that have been identified in nature, _________ are clinically useful.
Responda
  • 8-10%
  • <1%
  • 25-30%
  • 18-20%

Questão 24

Questão
Semisynthetic antibiotics
Responda
  • are natural antibiotics that have been purified by artificial means
  • have an artificially constructed core that stimulates the production of "natural products"
  • are natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified in the laboratory
  • are found in nature, but their rate of production is enhanced in the laboratory

Questão 25

Questão
Important targets of antibiotics in Bacteria are
Responda
  • DNA replication and transcription elements
  • the cytoplasmic membrane
  • the cell wall
  • all of the above

Questão 26

Questão
At present, the penicillins and the cephalosporins account for ___________ of all the antibiotics produced and used worldwide.
Responda
  • less than 10%
  • well over 70%
  • over 50%
  • about 25%

Questão 27

Questão
The B-lactam antibiotics
Responda
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • inhibit plasma membrane synthesis
  • prevent chromosomal replication

Questão 28

Questão
The absorption of _________ by chlorophylls begins the process of _________.
Responda
  • ATP / autotrophy
  • light energy / photosynthetic energy conservation
  • light quanta / autotrophy
  • ATP / photosynthetic energy conversion

Questão 29

Questão
In photosynthesis NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by
Responda
  • oxidation reactions
  • reduction reactions
  • both oxidation and reduction reactions
  • neither oxidation nor reduction reactions

Questão 30

Questão
During oxygenic photosynthesis,
Responda
  • oxygen is produced
  • oxygen functions as a catalyst
  • oxygen is consumed
  • none of the above

Questão 31

Questão
Which statement is TRUE?
Responda
  • The cytochromes contain iron atoms; chlorophyll contains a magnesium atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
  • The cytochromes contain magnesium atoms; chlorophyll contains an iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain an iron atom but not magnesium atom
  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain magnesium atom but not iron atom

Questão 32

Questão
Carotenoids
Responda
  • are involved in the capture of light energy
  • function primarily as photoprotective agents
  • are hydrophobic pigments that are present in photosynthetic membranes
  • do all of the above

Questão 33

Questão
The process by which electrons from the quinone pool are forced against the thermodynamic gradient to reduce NAD+ to NADH is called reverse
Responda
  • electron flow (reverse electron transport)
  • reduction
  • proton motive force
  • energy flow

Questão 34

Questão
The Calvin cycle
Responda
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Questão 35

Questão
The Calvin cycle
Responda
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Questão 36

Questão
The Calvin cycle
Responda
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Questão 37

Questão
The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses
Responda
  • one of several techniques, all of which require oxygen to be absent in the assay
  • growth tests that add different nitrogen sources into media
  • the acetylene reduction assay that exploits the nonspecificity of nitrogenase
  • mass spectrometry to observe 15N assimilation

Questão 38

Questão
In most caes, the final product of sulfur oxidation is
Responda
  • elemental sulfur
  • sulfate
  • hydrogen sulfide
  • thiosulfate

Questão 39

Questão
Ferrous iron oxidation generally occurs in environments with
Responda
  • alkaline condition
  • little or no light present
  • high oxygen content
  • high H+ concentrations

Questão 40

Questão
The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen
Responda
  • assimilation
  • reduction
  • oxidation
  • fixation

Questão 41

Questão
The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of
Responda
  • carotenoids
  • phycocyanin
  • chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll
  • phycoerythrin

Questão 42

Questão
What compound do most chemolithotrophs use as a source of carbon?
Responda
  • carbon dioxide
  • organic sources other than glucose
  • inorganic compounds
  • glucuse

Questão 43

Questão
Most protists are motile.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 44

Questão
The biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focuses on pyruvate oxidation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 45

Questão
Because H2 levels in oxic environments are transient, it is likely that aerobic hydrogen bacteria shift between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy depending on levels of organic compounds and hydrogen in their habitats.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the
Responda
  • chytridiomycetes
  • ascomycetes
  • glomeromycetes
  • zygomycetes

Questão 47

Questão
Peroxisomes
Responda
  • originate in the cell by incorporating proteins and lipids from cytoplasm
  • divide in synchrony with the cell
  • become membrane enclosed
  • do all of the above

Questão 48

Questão
Which statement is TRUE? Fungal cell walls
Responda
  • resemble plant cell walls chemically but not structurally
  • resemble plant cell walls structurally but not chemically
  • resemble plant cell walls both chemically and structurally
  • do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or structurally

Questão 49

Questão
Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir are used to treat which type of infection?
Responda
  • fungal
  • bacterial
  • influenza virus
  • parasitic

Questão 50

Questão
Antimicrobial drugs are often grouped according to
Responda
  • molecular structure
  • mechanism of action
  • spectrum of antimicrobial activity
  • all of the above

Questão 51

Questão
The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of
Responda
  • the waxy nature of the cell wall
  • an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane
  • the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself
  • the lattice work found in the glycocalyx

Questão 52

Questão
The thermal death time is the
Responda
  • dose of radiation necessary for a tenfold reduction in the numbers of selected microorganisms or biological factors
  • time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature
  • time required for a tenfold reduction in the population density at a given temperature
  • measure of the radiation energy output from a source

Questão 53

Questão
Cold sterilization is performed using
Responda
  • compounds such as ethylene oxide
  • high-pressure chambers
  • exceptionally low temperatures
  • dry ice

Questão 54

Questão
The time required for a tenfold reduction of the variability of a microbial population at a given temperature is called the ______ time.
Responda
  • temperature-dependent logarithmic death
  • decimal reduction
  • mean sterilization
  • thermal death

Questão 55

Questão
Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its
Responda
  • oxygen requirements
  • carbon source
  • energy source
  • all of the above

Questão 56

Questão
Photosynthesis is most correctly defined as the
Responda
  • absorption of light energy to produce carbohydrates
  • conversion of light energy to chemical energy
  • conversion of carbohydrates into energy-yielding organic products
  • production of carbohydrates by a plant or plantlike organism

Questão 57

Questão
Oxygenic phototrophs use light to generate
Responda
  • NADPH
  • ATP
  • organic carbon
  • both ATP and NADPH

Questão 58

Questão
Due to the sensitivity of dinitrogenase reductase, nitrogen fixation is inhibited by
Responda
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • hydrogen
  • ammonia

Questão 59

Questão
Difinitive proof of N2 fixation is obtained using
Responda
  • an isotope of nitrogen, 15N, as a tracer
  • spectrophotometry to measure the opacity of possible nitrogen-containing substances
  • electrophoresis to analyze the shifts in nitrogen content
  • gas chromatography to assay for nitrogen uptake

Questão 60

Questão
Plastocyanin is a
Responda
  • membrane-bound sac found in certain bacteria
  • blue-green bacterium known for its unusual photoreactive complex
  • copper-containing protein in photosystem II that donates electrons to photosystem I
  • photosynthetic pigment found in some bacteria

Questão 61

Questão
The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.
Responda
  • Q
  • S
  • Z
  • E

Questão 62

Questão
Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as
Responda
  • degenerative plaque
  • dental caries
  • microbial enamel decalcification
  • dental plaque

Questão 63

Questão
Pathogenicity is
Responda
  • the ability of the hose to inflict damage on the pathogen
  • the ability of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host
  • the ability of the host to resist damage by the pathogen
  • all of the above

Questão 64

Questão
Mucous membranes are frequently coated with a protective liquid called
Responda
  • mucus
  • epithelial fluid
  • membrane fluid
  • none of the above

Questão 65

Questão
Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in symbiotic relationship called
Responda
  • parasitism
  • ammensalism
  • mutualism
  • commensalism

Questão 66

Questão
A microbiome contains all
Responda
  • viable cells in a particular location
  • organisms present in and on the body
  • living organisms present on the skin
  • organisms within the digestive system

Questão 67

Questão
Compared with decontamination, disinfection is
Responda
  • less aggressive
  • equally aggressive
  • more aggressive
  • either more or less aggressive depending on the situation in question

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