Questão 1
Questão
The two branches of the left coronary artery are the
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left anterior descending, left posterior descending
-
circumflex, right coronary artery
-
circumflex, left anterior descending
-
left lateral artery, circumflex
Questão 2
Questão
The heart's muscular layer that allows the heart to contract is the
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endocardium
-
myocardium
-
epicardium
-
pericardium
Questão 3
Questão
The chamber that receives blood from the vena cavas is the
Questão 4
Questão
Atrial kick supplies the ventricles with about ________ blood volume
Questão 5
Questão
During ventricular systole, the
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aortic and tricuspid valves close
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tricuspid and pulmonic valves close
-
mitral and aortic valves open
-
pulmonic and aortic valves open
Questão 6
Questão
The curcumflex artery mostly supplies the
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RA
-
lateral wall of the RV
-
septal wall of the LV
-
lateral wall of the LV
Questão 7
Questão
Cardiac Output equals
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heart rate x stroke volume
-
heart rate x venous pressure
-
heart rate x systemic pressure
-
heart rate x atrial kick
Questão 8
Questão
Vessels that supply the heart's structures with oxygenated blood are the
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pulmonary arteries
-
coronary arteries
-
systemic arteries
-
vena cavas
Questão 9
Questão
Spread of depolarization to the LA travels along
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the internodal tracts
-
the bundle of HIS
-
the L bundle branch
-
Bachmann's bundle
Questão 10
Questão
The right side of the heart pumps blood into the
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pulmonary circulation
-
aorta
-
systemic circulation
-
coronary arteries
Questão 11
Questão
Preload refers to the ventricular stretch
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-
at the start of atrial systole
-
at the end of atrial diastole
-
at the start of ventricular diastole
-
at the end of ventricular diastole
Questão 12
Questão
Intrinsically, the SA node can normally initiate ______ impulses each minute
Questão 13
Questão
The PMI (point of maximum impulse) is best heard
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at the apex of the heart
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at the base of the heart
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over the aortic area
-
over the pulmonic area
Questão 14
Questão
Ventricular depolarization/systole
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propels blood to the atria
-
coincides with atrial systole
-
results from electrical stimulation
-
prevents blood flow into the coronary arteries
Questão 15
Questão
Mitral stenosis can
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increase preload
-
decrease preload
-
increase afterload
-
decreases afterload
Questão 16
Questão
Atrial systole can also be called
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atrial relaxation
-
atrial kick
-
atrial pressure
-
atrial repolarization
Questão 17
Questão
Rupture of a papillary muscle can
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lead to valve regurgitation, thereby affecting SV and CO
-
decreases electrical stimulation
-
occlude a coronary artery
-
ensure electrical impulses conduct regularity
Questão 18
Questão
Which coronary artery supplies the AV node in most people
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the R coronary artery
-
The L coronary artery
-
the LAD artery
-
the circumflex artery
Questão 19
Questão
Fast heart rates can decrease CO because of
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an increase in SV
-
the increased force of contraction
-
the shortened ventricular filling time
-
their relaxing effect on the heart valves
Questão 20
Questão
The conduction system refers to
Questão 21
Questão
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the
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-
pulmonary arteries
-
vena cavas
-
pulmonary veins
-
aorta
Questão 22
Questão
The tricuspid valve is located between the
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RA and LA
-
LA and LV
-
RV and LV
-
RA and RV
Questão 23
Questão
Prior to the onset of late ventricular diastole (before atrial systole), the ventricles have
Questão 24
Questão
The CO can decrease with slow heart rates because
Questão 25
Questão
The main property of the AV node is to
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a forward 20% extra blood volume to the ventricles
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slow impulse conduction velocity/speed
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ensure a regular rhythm of impulse transmission
-
promote atrial systole
Questão 26
Questão
The cells' ability to initiate impulses is called
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automaticity
-
excitability
-
conductivity
-
contractility
Questão 27
Questão
If the SA node fails, the AV junction can intrinsically generate ____ impulses per minute
Questão 28
Questão
The PMI is located at the
Questão 29
Questão
An S3 can indicate
Questão 30
Questão
At the aortic area
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S1 is louder than S2
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S2 is louder than S1
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S2 cannot be heard
-
S1 and S2 sound the same
Questão 31
Questão
Palpitations can be
Questão 32
Questão
Pulsus alternans is characterized by
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alternating regular and irregular rhythms
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alternating strong and weak pulses
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increased rate with expiration
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decreased rate with expiration
Questão 33
Questão
Auscultation of the mitral valve is best heard at the
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2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
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2nd L ICS, adjacent to the sternum
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5th L ICS, medial to the mid-clavicle
-
lower L sternal border
Questão 34
Questão
Acute MI pain can radiate to
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the jaw and neck
-
the left arm
-
the back
-
any of the above
Questão 35
Questão
Unilateral leg edema can signify
Questão 36
Questão
Auscultation of the pulmonic valve is best heard at the
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-
2nd R ICS
-
2nd L ICS
-
5th R ICS
-
5th L ICS
Questão 37
Questão
During atrial systole, you might auscultate an
Questão 38
Questão
Elevated JVP might be visualized in the patient with
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RV MI
-
RVF
-
cor pulmonale
-
any of the above
Questão 39
Questão
During inspection of the chest , the pulsation of the apical pulse is always visible
Questão 40
Questão
Palpation of a normal pulse strength is documented as
Questão 41
Questão
The ____ valve is heard loudest at the 2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
Responda
-
Aortic
-
Pulmonic
-
Tricuspd
-
Mitral
Questão 42
Questão
Which cardiac condition would most likely cause chest pain that eases by sitting up and leaning forward?
Questão 43
Questão
A pneumothorax can potentially to displace the PMI
Questão 44
Questão
The S1 heart sound
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represents closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
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signifies the end of ventricular diastole
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is heard loudest at the apex
-
all of the above
Questão 45
Questão
The S3 and S4 adventitious heart sounds
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are best heard with the stethoscope's diaphragm
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can indicate heart failure
-
correspond with ventricular systole
-
all of the above
Questão 46
Questão
To observe the JVP
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turn the patient's head away from the side being examined
-
elevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees
-
auscultate the 2nd L ICS
-
ensure dim lighting to distinguish the JVP shadows
Questão 47
Questão
An adventitious heart sound heard during atrial diastole would be
Questão 48
Questão
When discussing the dorsalis pedis pulse
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palpating the R and L simultaneously is safe
-
it should always be easily palpable in normal adults
-
it is located just below the malleolus
-
its detection requires very deep palpation
Questão 49
Questão
An S4 heart sound
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is called a ventricular gallop
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is heard during ventricular diastole
-
is heard during atrial diastole
-
occurs before S2
Questão 50
Questão
Pulsus paradoxus is characterized by
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alternating regular and irregular rhythms
-
alternating strong and weak pulses
-
decreased amplitude with expiration
-
decreased amplitude with inspiration
Questão 51
Questão
When listening over the mitral area, S1 is louder than S2
Questão 52
Questão
Normally, pulsations of the internal jugular veins
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change in response to positioning
-
are visualized at 10cm above the suprasternal notch
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are noticeable when the patient stands
-
all of the above
Questão 53
Questão
Syncope can be a symptom of
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vasodilatation
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a slow heart rate
-
excessive vagal activity
-
any of the above
Questão 54
Questão
When documenting a pulse's strength, a weak pulse is
Questão 55
Questão
In which of the following conditions might the patient's chest heaviness ease if s/he rests?
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-
acute pericarditis
-
dissecting aneurysm
-
stable angina
-
pulmonary embolism
Questão 56
Questão
Palpating both carotid arteries simultaneously can decrease the HR and produce syncope
Questão 57
Questão
An irregular pulse is always detected in patients with
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cardiac tamponade
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MI
-
aortic dissection
-
atrial fibrillation
Questão 58
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-
RA is negative, LL is positive
-
LA is negative, LL is positive
-
RA is negative, LA is positive
-
RA is negative, RL is positive
Questão 59
Questão
CK elevation will be detected with
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elevated HDLs
-
CVA
-
depolarization
-
decreased CO
Questão 60
Questão
After MI, the following LDH isoenzymes can be expected
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-
LD1 and LD2 are absent
-
LD1 = LD2
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LD1 < LD2
-
LD1 > LD2
Questão 61
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is a state of excitability
-
coincides with discharge of electricity
-
results from ionic activity
-
all of the above
Questão 62
Questão
Oral anticoagulation dosing is determined by assessing the
Questão 63
Questão
The normal PR interval measures
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less than 0.12 seconds
-
0.12 to 0.20 seconds
-
0.20 to 0.40 seconds
-
more than 0.40 seconds
Questão 64
Questão
The Q wave is the first ____ of a ventricular complex
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first negative deflection
-
first positive deflection
-
second negative deflection
-
second positive deflection
Questão 65
Questão
To calculate an irregular ventricular rate
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-
divide the # of small boxes between 2 QRSs into 1500
-
divide the # of large boxes between 2 QRSs into 300
-
count the # of QRSs in a 6 second strip, and x 10
-
all of the above
Questão 66
Questão
The QT interval represents the time frame for
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ventricular depolarization to occur
-
ventricular repolarization to occur
-
ventricular depolarization and repolarization to occur
Questão 67
Responda
-
RA is negative, LL is positive
-
LA is negative, LL is positive
-
RA is negative, LA is positive
-
RA is negative, RL is positive
Questão 68
Questão
The cardiac cycle includes
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The P wave
-
the QRS complex
-
the T wave
-
the PQRST
Questão 69
Questão
An MI can be safely diagnosed with the CK-MB result because this isoenzyme
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represents atrial depolarization
-
is specific to cardiac tissue
-
reflects the CO
-
causes the ventricles to contract
Questão 70
Questão
Cholesterol is carried on
Questão 71
Questão
An impulse travelling toward the area where a positive electrode is placed is recorded as
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a positive deflection
-
negative deflection
-
flat line
-
any of the above
Questão 72
Questão
Torsades de Pointes can result from
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short PR intervals
-
long PR intervals
-
short QT intervals
-
long QT intervals
Questão 73
Questão
Normally, the majority of cardiac electrical activity travels to the electrode placed on the
Questão 74
Questão
The P wave represents
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atrial depolarization
-
ventricular depolarization
-
ventricular repolarization
-
conduction through the AV node
Questão 75
Questão 76
Questão
Prior to obtaining lipid studies
Questão 77
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should measure more than 0.10 seconds
-
reflects ventricular depolarization
-
always has a Q, an R, and an S wave
-
all of the above
Questão 78
Questão
Heparin dosing is determined by assessing the
Questão 79
Questão
The PR interval is measured from the
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start of the P wave to the start of the QRS
-
start of the P wave to the end of the QRS
-
end of the P wave to the start of the QRS
-
end of the P wave to the end of the QRS
Questão 80
Questão
Which troponins can be evaluated to detect myocardial damage?
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-
troponins I and C
-
troponins I and T
-
troponins T and C
-
troponins I, T, and C
Questão 81
Questão
Ventricular repolarization is reflected by the
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P wave
-
QRS complex
-
T wave
-
PR interval
Questão 82
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-
RA is negative, LL is positive
-
LA is negative, LL is positive
-
RA is negative, LA is positive
-
RA is negative, RL is positive
Questão 83
Questão
Six seconds on ECG paper includes
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15 small boxes
-
15 large boxes
-
30 small boxes
-
30 large boxes
Questão 84
Questão
Which of the following ST segments is abnormal?
Questão 85
Questão
The normal ventricle requires ____ to contract
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< 0.02 seconds
-
< 0.10 seconds
-
> 0.12 seconds
-
> 0.20 seconds
Questão 86
Questão
The CK begins to elevate ____ after muscle damage
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4-6 hours
-
10-15 hours
-
12-24 hours
-
24-36 hours
Questão 87
Questão
The patient with a prosthetic mechanical valve, whose INR is 1.2 needs
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to increase his warfarin dosage
-
to decrease his warfarin dosage
-
to maintain his same/usual warfarin dose
-
to withold the next warfarin dose
Questão 88
Questão
In lead II, normal ventricular depolarization produces a
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P wave with a positive deflection
-
P wave with a negative deflection
-
QRS with a positive deflection
-
QRS with a negative deflection
Questão 89
Responda
-
varies according to the HDL
-
is less than 5% of the total CK
-
will elevate with cerebral injury
Questão 90
Questão
Spinach and other foods rich in Vitamin K can
Responda
-
increase the CK and AST
-
decrease the CK and AST
-
increase clotting times
-
decrease clotting times
Questão 91
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-
represents a state of excitability
-
is a state of relaxation
-
indicates that the ventricles are contracting
-
is reflective of myocardial damage
Questão 92
Questão
The time reflected between each darkened 'bold' line on ECG paper is
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-
0.02 seconds
-
0.04 seconds
-
0.12 seconds
-
0.20 seconds
Questão 93
Questão 94
Questão
When QRS complexes occur at intervals with slight variances of < 0.12 seconds
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-
extra P waves are always seen
-
the ventricles are not depolarizing
-
the rate is always rapid
-
the rhythm is considered regular
Questão 95
Questão
In the heart with a normal conduction system
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-
extra P waves are seen
-
each P wave is followed by a QRS
-
P waves differ in morphology (appearance)
-
the absence of P waves is expected
Questão 96
Questão
The negatively deflected wave indicates that the impulse
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-
has not been generated
-
is travelling toward a positive electrode
-
is travelling away from a positive electrode
-
requires stronger electrical current
Questão 97
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-
should deflect in the same direction as the T wave
-
are only 1/4 the height of the T wave
-
may be absent on the normal rhythm strip
-
all of the above
Questão 98
Responda
-
Black
-
Green
-
Brown
-
White
-
Red
Questão 99
Questão 100
Questão 101
Questão 102
Questão
Colour of Precordium (V lead)
Questão 103
Questão
Sinus tachycardia can be caused by
Questão 104
Questão
Syncope can be a manifestation of any tachycardia because
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the HR is too slow
-
ventricular depolarization does not occur
-
ventricular filling times are shortened
-
vagal activity is excessive
Questão 105
Questão
Carotid sinus massage can lead to
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-
sinus bradycardia
-
sinus block
-
sinus arrest
-
any of the above
Questão 106
Questão
In atrial flutter
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-
all atrial impulses always reach the ventricles
-
the AR is always slow
-
the PR interval is not measurable
-
the QRS complexes are always wide
Questão 107
Questão
The initial energy level required to convert PAT is
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-
50 joules
-
100 joules
-
200 joules
-
300 joules
Questão 108
Questão
Junctional escape rhythm can deteriorate to
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-
IVR
-
VT
-
junctional tachycardia
-
any of the above
Questão 109
Questão
The distinguishable features of Wenckebach are
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-
constant PR interval, AR = VR
-
constant PR interval, AR > VR
-
variable PR interval, AR = VR
-
variable PR interval, AR > VR
Questão 110
Questão
Multifocal PVCs are reflected as
Questão 111
Questão
A regular rhythm with an AR of 110, VR of 110, constant PR interval of 0.12 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
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-
sinus tachycardia
-
PAT
-
atrial fibrillation
-
VT
Questão 112
Questão
The most distinguishable feature of atrial fibrillation is
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a rapid ventricular rate
-
an irregular rhythm
-
variable PR intervals
-
wide QRS complexes
Questão 113
Questão
Lidocaine is often effective in treating ventricular rhythms because it
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enhances ventricular depolarization
-
improves atrial automaticity
-
suppresses ventricular irritability
-
blocks PSNS activity
Questão 114
Questão
A defibrillator should be quickly accessible for the patient in third degree AV block because this block can deteriorate to
Responda
-
VT
-
Wenckebach
-
IVR
-
sinus bradycardia
Questão 115
Questão
Sinus arrest can be caused by
Questão 116
Questão
PAT with an AR of 240 beats/minute would always have
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-
a slower VR
-
regular rhythm
-
normal PR intervals
-
visible P waves
Questão 117
Questão
In atrial fibrillation, reduced CO can result from
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-
the rapid SA node rate of impulse formation
-
the irregular ventricular rhythm
-
disorganized, chaotic atrial quivering
-
shortened PR intervals
Questão 118
Questão
Initial shock treatment of pulseless VT is
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-
cardioversion, starting with 200 joules
-
cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 200 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 300 joules
Questão 119
Questão
The ____ generates impulses in all heart blocks
Responda
-
SA node
-
atria
-
AV junction
-
ventricles
Questão 120
Questão
Treatment is rarely needed for first degree AV block because
Responda
-
the CO is usually satisfactory
-
the PR intervals are normal
-
the AV junction is initiating all impulses
-
the ventricles are using their property of automaticity
Questão 121
Questão
The P wave may be difficult to distinguish with a PAC, but the P wave occurs because the ____ depolarize
Responda
-
Ventricles
-
SA Node
-
Atria
-
AV Node
Questão 122
Questão
Symptoms associated with junctional escape rhythm result from
Questão 123
Questão
A regular rhythm with an atrial rate of 68, VR of 68, constant PR intervals of 0.28 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Questão 124
Questão
A ventricular rate of less than 100 beats/minute can be seen in
Responda
-
sinus bradycardia
-
atrial fibrillation
-
Wenckebach
-
all of the above
Questão 125
Questão
The initial energy level required to cardiovert atrial flutter is
Responda
-
50 joules
-
100 joules
-
200 joules
-
300 joules
Questão 126
Questão
The P waves in junctional beats and rhythms can
Questão 127
Questão
Decreased CO in AIVR is due to
Responda
-
loss of atrial kick
-
slow AV conduction
-
the excessively rapid HR
-
rapid AV conduction
Questão 128
Questão
The patient in VF has
Responda
-
inverted P waves
-
shortened PR intervals
-
normal QRS complexes
-
none of the above
Questão 129
Questão
The PR interval in Mobitz II can be normal or prolonged
Questão 130
Questão
Treatment for frequent PVCs might include
Responda
-
verapamil, adenosine, pacemaker
-
carotid sinus massage
-
atropine, epinephrine
-
lidocaine, pronestyl, potassium
Questão 131
Questão
Potential for clot formation in atrial fibrillation is due to
Responda
-
atrial quivering
-
excessive stimulants
-
increased CO
-
ventricular automaticity
Questão 132
Questão
Atrial and ventricular contractions are not synchronized at all in
Questão 133
Questão
Symptoms of decreased CO can potentially be experienced with
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-
JT
-
PAT
-
IVR
-
any arrhythmia
Questão 134
Questão
Cells in the AV junction have the property of ____ which allows cells in the AV junction to initiate/generate junctional beats/rhythms
Responda
-
conduction
-
automaticity
-
regularity
-
electricity
Questão 135
Questão
Repolarization in ventricular beats/rhythms is reflected as T waves that
Questão 136
Questão
VT with a pulse is treated with
Responda
-
cardioversion, starting with 100 joules
-
cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 100 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 300 joules
Questão 137
Questão
The term SVT can be used to describe
Questão 138
Questão
A rhythm with an AR of 86, a VR of 30, variable, erratic PR intervals with no pattern, and QRS complexes measuring 0.14 seconds is
Questão 139
Questão
The PR intervals cannot be measured in ventricular rhythms because of
Questão 140
Questão
If a PR interval can be measured in junctional beats/rhythms, it characteristicly measures ____ seconds
Questão 141
Questão
Which patient has the more serious block?
Responda
-
AR 96, VR 48, constant PR 0.24 seconds, QRS 0.20 seconds
-
AR 80, VR 40, constant PR 0.22 seconds, QRS 0.10 seconds
-
AR 90, VR 45, constant PR 0.26 seconds, QRS 0.08 seconds
Questão 142
Questão
Initial treatment of pulseless VT is
Responda
-
lidocaine
-
procainamide
-
cardioversion
-
defibrillation
Questão 143
Questão
When each and every impulse from the SA node is blocked at the AV node, the rhythm is
Responda
-
third degree block
-
junctional escape rhythm
-
atrial fibrillation
-
Mobitz II
Questão 144
Questão
The drug treatment of choice for symptomatic IVR is
Responda
-
Atropine
-
Lidocaine
-
Epinepherine
-
Adenosine
Questão 145
Questão
Absent P waves in junctional beats/rhythms result from
Responda
-
rapid atrial depolarization
-
the excessively slow ventricular rate
-
simultaneous atrial and ventricular depolarization
-
atrial contraction that occurs after ventricular contraction
Questão 146
Questão
Decreased CO in VT is due to
Responda
-
prolonged PR intervals
-
the rapid ventricular rate
-
the AV node's slow rate of impulse conduction
-
rapid atrial depolarization
Questão 147
Responda
-
P waves occur at regular intervals
-
there are more P waves than QRS complexes
-
P waves are normal and all look the same
-
all of the above
Questão 148
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
sinus arrhythmia
-
sinus bradycardia
-
A Fib
Questão 149
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
Sinus Tachycardia
-
SVT
-
VT
-
VF
Questão 150
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
sinus rhythm
-
First degree AV block
-
A flutter
-
Mobitz !!
Questão 151
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
sinus bradycardia
-
sinus rhythm
-
3rd Degree AV block
-
A Fib
Questão 152
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
Mobitz !I
-
3rd degree AV block
-
Wenckbach
-
A Fib
Questão 153
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Questão 154
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
VT
-
V Fib
-
PEA
-
Conduction problem
Questão 155
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
IVR
-
Sinus bradycardia
-
A Fib
-
1st degree heart block
Questão 156
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Questão 157
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
V Fib
-
A Fib
-
A Flutter
-
Sinus Tachycardia
Questão 158
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Questão 159
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Responda
-
Mobitz !!
-
1st Degree AV block
-
3rd Degree AV block
-
Wenckebach
Questão 160
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Questão 161
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
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3rd Degree AV block
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Mobitz II
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Junctional
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IVR
Questão 162
Questão
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
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NSR with PVC's
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NSR with PAC's
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Ventricular Trigeminy
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Mobitz II
Questão 163
Questão
CAD modifiable risk factors include
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smoking, diet
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gender, age
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exercise, genetics
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diet, race
Questão 164
Questão
Occlusion of the LAD artery would result in
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lateral wall MI
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anterior wall MI
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right atrial MI
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posterior wall MI
Questão 165
Questão
Which one of the heart's layers is damaged with a non-Q wave MI?
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Mesoderm
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Endocardium
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Epicardium
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Myocardium
Questão 166
Questão
With angina and following MI, semi-fowler's position is preferred, to
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reverse the necrotic destruction
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increase autonomic nervous system activity
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increase systemic oxygenation through lung expansion
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reduce the Cardiac Output
Questão 167
Questão
Hepatomegaly occurs in RVF because
Questão 168
Questão
Following MI, the zone of injury
Questão 169
Questão
The risk of CAD decreases with menopause
Questão 170
Questão 171
Questão
Stable angina pain usually subsides with
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rest, nitroglycerine
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morphine, oxygen
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nitroglycerine, morphine
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morphine, ASA
Questão 172
Questão
Pathological Q waves are
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reflective of tissue ischemia
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reflective of tissue injury
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25% the height of the R waves
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all of the above
Questão 173
Questão
Decreasing preload in LVF can be accomplished with the use of
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diuretics
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morphine
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vasodilators
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all of the above
Questão 174
Questão
Obese people and patients who rarely exercise are more prone to
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elevated HDL's
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decreased HDL's
Questão 175
Questão
Cessation of pain following an 'anginal attack' indicates that
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platelets are no longer adhering to the arteries
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arrhythmias have developed
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myocardial oxygen needs are met
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myocardial tissues are fully necrotic
Questão 176
Questão
The LV lateral wall MI is secondary to occlusion of the
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positive artery
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lateral vein
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RCA
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circumflex artery
Questão 177
Questão
The ECG sign of tissue necrosis is
Questão 178
Questão
Not monitoring the control and balance of systemic fluid can result in
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hyponatremia
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hypokalemia
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dehydration
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any of the above
Questão 179
Questão 180
Questão
Following plaque rupture, the following components begin to adhere to the plaque
Questão 181
Questão
Chest pain experienced with unstable angina
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is predictable and reproducible
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is always relieved with nitroglycerine
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occurs more frequently and with less effort
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always lasts less than five minutes
Questão 182
Questão
Tachycardia in LVF develops
Questão 183
Questão
Isolated RVF is more common following
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inferior wall MI
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lateral wall MI
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anterior wall MI
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right ventricular MI
Questão 184
Questão
CAD symptoms generally begin to occur when the coronary arteries are about ____ % occluded
Questão 185
Questão
Nitroglycerine reduces afterload by
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increasing venous capacitance
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decreasing venous capacitance
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increasing systemic vascular resistance
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decreasing systeming vascular resistance
Questão 186
Questão
In left sided heart failure
Questão 187
Questão
Elevated HDL levels would most likely be found in
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diabetics
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pre-menopausal women
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cigarette smokers
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overweight patients
Questão 188
Questão
During the initial acute phase of an MI, oxygen is administered
Questão 189
Questão
Elevated JVP is seen in RVF because of
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increased LV pressure
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increased superior vena cava pressure
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increased thrombi formation
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increased pulmonary venous pressure
Questão 190
Questão
The personality type that is most prone to CAD is known as a type ____ personality
Questão 191
Questão
Provoking factors for MI can be
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the same as those for stable angina
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the same as those for unstable angina
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absent (no obvious provoking factors)
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all of the above
Questão 192
Questão
Decreased CO in LVF results from
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right ventricular failure
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decreased vagal activity and hyponatremia
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ST segment and T wave changes
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decreased LV compliance and SV
Questão 193
Questão
The first intervention in pulmonary edema should always be
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diuretic therapy
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oxygen therapy
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vasodilatation
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controlling arrhythmias
Questão 194
Questão
The patient in PEA
Questão 195
Questão
The main goal in cardiac tamponade is to
Questão 196
Questão
The compensatory SNS effect in cardiogenic shock is temporary because
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all the heart's valves are necrotic
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the SV cannot increase further to help improve the CO
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pulses are not palpable
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fluid interferes with oxygenation
Questão 197
Questão
Dopamine can be part of the treatment plan in cardiogenic shock to
Questão 198
Questão
Serious and sinister arrhythmias can occur in pulmonary edema because
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electrical conduction structures are poorly oxygenated
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of increased pressure in the pericardial sac
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there is no electrical activity
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of increased myocardial contractility
Questão 199
Questão
In cardiac tamponade, blood ejected during ventricular systole is decreased
Questão 200
Questão
Ventricular rupture can occur following
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transmural inferior wall MI
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transmural anterior wall MI
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transmural lateral wall MI
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any transmural MI
Questão 201
Questão
Heparin induced cardiac tamponade is treated with
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cardioversion
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defibrillation
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heparin
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protamine sulfate
Questão 202
Questão
In cardiogenic shock, urine volume
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decreases
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increases
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remains unchanged
Questão 203
Questão
Blood tinged sputum in pulmonary edema results from
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changes in clotting factors
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hemorrhages in the pulmonary system
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airway narrowing
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increased pressure in the RA
Questão 204
Questão
The signs or features known as Beck's triad are
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elevated JVP, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus
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elevated JVP, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus
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narrowed pulse pressure, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
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muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, hypotension
Questão 205
Questão
Cardiogenic shock
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results in extensive organ underperfusion
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only develops secondary to MI
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causes venous oxygenation to increase
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all of the above
Questão 206
Questão
Morphine is effective in pulmonary edema because it
Questão 207
Questão
In cardiac tamponade
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diastolic ejection is impaired
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diastolic filling is impaired
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systolic ejection is normal
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systolic filling is normal
Questão 208
Questão
The patient in pulmonary edema will most likely develop
Questão 209
Questão
In cardiogenic shock, fluids are
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limited to prevent marked hypotension
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infused to maintain intravascular volume
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limited to prevent overloading the kidneys
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infused to counteract hypertension
Questão 210
Questão
Sodium bicarbonate might be administered in cardiogenic shock to
Questão 211
Questão
To improve CO in pulmonary edema
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the SV increases
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the HR increases
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preload increases
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afterload increases
Questão 212
Questão
Fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac leading to cardiac tamponade, can develop
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very slowly
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very rapidly
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slowly or rapidly
Questão 213
Questão
In cardiogenic shock, the
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systolic and diastolic BP increase concurrently
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systolic and diastolic BP fall concurrently
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systolic BP falls before the diastolic BP
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diastolic BP falls before the systolic BP
Questão 214
Questão
Patients in cardiogenic shock develop anginal chest pain because of
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the development of sinister arrhythmias
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coronary artery underperfusion
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hypertension
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tachycardia secondary to SNS stimulation
Questão 215
Questão
Decreasing the respiratory rate in pulmonary edema will help to
Questão 216
Questão
Myocardial injury associated with cardiac tamponade is reflected by
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absent P waves
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Q waves
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ST segment changes
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prolonged PR intervals
Questão 217
Questão
Tachycardia occurs in cardiac tamponade to
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encourage narrowing of pulse pressure
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increase venous return
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compensate for the decreased SV
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promote ventricular ectopic activity
Questão 218
Questão
To promote healthy elimination following MI, the following is administered
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stool softeners
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enemas
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suppositories
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all of the above
Questão 219
Questão
It is common to hear an ____ when auscultating the patient in pulmonary edema
Questão 220
Questão
Pulse pressure refers to the difference between the
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standing and sitting blood pressures
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arterial and venous blood pressures
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systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Questão 221
Questão
Diuretics administered to the cardiac patient can
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decrease preload
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improve urinary output
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cause hypotension
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all of the above
Questão 222
Questão
In pulmonary edema, airflow ____ the alveoli is diminished