Questão 1
Questão
Which Directorate of Health Canada is responsible for legislation of herbal products?
Responda
-
Natural Health Products Directorate
-
Medical devices Directorate
-
Therapeutics Product Directorate
-
Controlled Drugs Directorate
Questão 2
Questão
Natural Health Products Regulations are part of:
Responda
-
regulated Professions Act
-
Controlled Substances Act
-
Food & Drug Act
-
Hazardous Substances Act
-
Provincial Drug Benefit Act
Questão 3
Questão
Which of the following substances according to Health Canada would be unacceptable as a natural Health substance?
Responda
-
biologics
-
amino acids
-
algae
-
probiotics
Questão 4
Questão
What information will confirm for you that a natural health product has been approved by Health Canada for public consumption?
Responda
-
The advice of a friend using this product
-
The presence of an NHP's number on the label
-
The source of the product
-
the fact that the product is sold by pharmacies
-
The reputation of the manufacturer
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the following statements defines best Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
Responda
-
The use of home-made remedies to treat symptoms of diseases and/or ailments
-
The use of spiritual and religious incantations to remove bad spirits from the sick person
-
The use of natural remedies and therapies not commonly used by standard and conventional medical practice.
-
The use of different drugs to support conventional drug therapies
Questão 6
Questão
Which of the following of medical systems would not be considered part of Alternative & Complementary medicine?
Responda
-
acupuncture
-
naturopathy
-
homeopathy
-
pharmacotherapy
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following reasons is the key reason noted in surveys as to why consumers use natural health products?
Responda
-
belief that natural health products have fewer side effects
-
conventional drug therapy is dangerous to use
-
drug recalls of conventional drug products
-
belief that natural products are better than synthetically produced drugs
-
desire to use more natural approaches to health & wellness
Questão 8
Questão
Who was the physician of the 1st Century AD that dominated European medical thought for over 1500 years?
Responda
-
Hippocrates
-
Galen
-
Paracelsus
-
Dioscorides
Questão 9
Questão
Integrative medicine is another term for:
Questão 10
Questão
Which of the following statements distinguishes best the difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plant phytochemicals?
Responda
-
Primary metabolites are essential for plant survival
-
primary metabolites are substances of the plant that can protect humans from diseases
-
Primary metabolites have no direct involvement in the plant's metabolism and growth
-
Primary metabolites protect the plant from predators
Questão 11
Questão
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be that of terpenes?
Questão 12
Questão
Terpenes are precursors of
Responda
-
natural antiviral substances
-
semisynthetic antibiotics
-
theophylline compounds
-
plant steroids and sterols
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following pharmacologic effects is a key effect of an alkaloid metabolite of a plant?
Responda
-
respiratory suppression
-
vasoconstriction
-
muscle contraction
-
vasodilation
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following phytochemical groups includes flavonoids?
Responda
-
glycosides
-
terpenes
-
phenolic compounds
-
alkaloids
Questão 15
Questão
Saponin phytochemical components of a plant belong to the:
Responda
-
flavonoid group
-
phenolic group
-
tannins group
-
terpene group
Questão 16
Questão
The coumarin phytochemicals can act as:
Responda
-
anticonvulsants
-
laxatives
-
anticoagulants
-
antihypertensives
Questão 17
Questão
Which of the following principles is used to evaluate the quality of a herb?
Responda
-
odor
-
smell
-
taste
-
botanical identity
Questão 18
Questão
Which of the following statements about a marker of a plant is not true
Responda
-
it can be any herb constituent
-
is always an active ingredient of a plan
-
used to standardize herbal potency
-
must be scientifically identified and quatified
Questão 19
Questão
Adulteration of a plant material refers to:
Responda
-
unintentional inclusion of foreign substances
-
intentional addition of other plant species material and/or foreign substances.
-
soil contaminants during plant harvest
-
plant infidelity to other plants of the same species
Questão 20
Questão
Which of the following standard plant quality authentication tests is not a common authentication test?
Questão 21
Questão
Herbals can be used together with conventional drugs with no concern for adverse events.
Questão 22
Questão
Pharmacodynamic type herb-drug interactions refer to the impact on the bioavailability of the drug.
Questão 23
Questão
The safety of a natural product depends on the product itself and not on the fact that it is named "natural".
Questão 24
Questão
Fluid extracts of natural herbs are less concentrated than tinctures of such herbs.
Questão 25
Questão
Liquid extracts of a herb are commonly either tinctures or aqueous fluids never both types.
Questão 26
Questão
Which of the following nutrients has a negative impact on the immune system?
Responda
-
sugar
-
zinc
-
iron
-
vitamin D
Questão 27
Questão
In addition to the immune system which of the following organs can also be protected by andrographis?
Responda
-
lungs
-
heart
-
kidneys
-
liver
Questão 28
Questão
Indications for astragalus include:
Questão 29
Questão
Which plant part caries the medicinal substances in Cat's Claw?
Responda
-
leaves
-
seeds
-
flowers
-
roots
Questão 30
Questão
The preferred product of Cat's Claw to use is the one that:
Responda
-
contains low level of tetracycline and high levels of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
-
contains high levels of both tetracycline and pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
-
contains high level of tetracycline oxindole alkaloid
-
contains high level of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid
Questão 31
Questão
Cold FX is reported to increase the activity of one of the following immunoglobulins:
Questão 32
Questão
A common indication for taking Echinacea is to:
Responda
-
correct gastrointestinal problems
-
treat migraine headaches
-
prevent and treat common colds
-
increase energy and endurance
Questão 33
Questão
Which drugs have the potential to interact with Echinacea?
Responda
-
antibiotics
-
diuretics
-
immunosuppressants
-
non-steroidal analgesics
Questão 34
Questão
The active medicinal constituents of Elderberry include:
Responda
-
terpenes
-
sterols
-
alkaloids
-
flavonoids
Questão 35
Questão
Goldenseal is contraindicated in individuals with:
Responda
-
hypertension
-
diabetes
-
high cholesterol
-
gout
Questão 36
Questão
Elderberry's mechanism of action in improving an immune system response includes:
Responda
-
stimulation of both spleen and lymph nodes
-
stimulation of interleukin and tumor necrotic factor production
-
bone marrow stimulation
-
increase white blood cell production
Questão 37
Questão
Shiitake mushrooms can be used as adjunct therapy to treat:
Responda
-
ulcers
-
cancer
-
crohn's disease
-
jaundice
Questão 38
Questão
What is/are the key active constituents in maitake mushrooms?
Responda
-
flavones
-
carotenoids
-
terpenes
-
polysaccharides
Questão 39
Questão
How does borage oil help in cardiovascular diseases?
Responda
-
by preventing platelet aggregation
-
by reducing heart rate
-
by blocking the inflammatory effects of prostaglandins
-
by reducing vascular resistance
Questão 40
Questão
What are the key pharmacologic effects of carnitine that help individuals with cardiovascular problems?
Responda
-
prevention of cholesterol absorption from the gut
-
increase coronary blood flow
-
decrease of blood vessel constriction
-
decrease in both LDL & VLDL
Questão 41
Questão
The key constituents of garlic includes:
Responda
-
flavones
-
polysaccharides
-
sulfur
-
lignans
Questão 42
Questão
A major mechanism of garlic's cardiovascular action includes:
Responda
-
direct effect on the myocardium
-
increase in ATP production
-
increase in cardiac output
-
interference with cholesterol metabolism
Questão 43
Questão
Garlic has the potential to increase the pharmacologic effects of:
Responda
-
diuretics
-
beta blockers
-
anticoagulants
-
corticosteroids
Questão 44
Questão
Coenzyme Q10 is a strong:
Responda
-
anticholesterol agent
-
anticoagulant agonist
-
antioxidant
-
hepatoprotector
Questão 45
Questão
A key indication of evening primrose oil includes:
Questão 46
Questão
Ginkgo can be used in cerebral insufficiency
Questão 47
Questão
Guggul cardiovascular effects include reduction of blood pressure
Questão 48
Questão
One of Hawthorn's mechanism of lowering blood pressure vascular dilation is due to inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.
Questão 49
Questão
Arginine supports cardiovascular improvement by stimulating production nitric oxide synthase.
Questão 50
Questão
One of the key mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing heart attacks is it's ability to stabilize the electrical activity of the heart
Questão 51
Questão
The key active ingredients of astaxanthin include:
Responda
-
polysaccharides
-
carotenoids
-
flavonoids
-
phenolic acids
Questão 52
Questão
Astaxanthin pharmacologic effect in the treatment of arthritic conditions includes:
Questão 53
Questão
The proposed mechanism of Boswellia pharmacologic effects in treating arthritis includes:
Responda
-
stimulation of the immune system
-
control of leukotriene production
-
inhibition of cartilage breakdown
-
increased the production of MSM
Questão 54
Questão
Bromelain is a component of:
Responda
-
wild cherry
-
grapefruit
-
pineapple
-
avocado
Questão 55
Questão
Bromelain can potentiate the effects of:
Responda
-
immunosuppressants
-
anticoagulants
-
antihypertensives
-
hypoglycemics
Questão 56
Questão
The key mechanism of action of Cayenne pepper in treating arthritic pain and inflammation includes:
Responda
-
Depletion of neurotransmitter substance P from nerve endings
-
Reduction of inflammatory prostaglandins
-
Depletion of neurotransmitter substance C from nerve endings
-
Increase of hormonal endorphins
Questão 57
Questão
Devil claw's anti-arthritic mechanism of action is believed to be due to:
Responda
-
inhibition of cyclooxygenase
-
interference with prostaglandin synthesis
-
inhibition of leukotrienes
-
replenishment of synovial fluid
Questão 58
Questão
How does chondroitin help improve cartilage when used to treat arthritic conditions?
Responda
-
metabolizes nutrients such as shark cartilage to become human joint cartilage
-
Stimulates cartilage production by the bone marrow
-
Stimulates osteoblast activity to produce cartilage
-
improves water retention and elasticity of cartilage
Questão 59
Questão
The key components of fish oil that help with improving arthritic conditions include:
Questão 60
Questão
Glucosamine should be used with caution in patients with:
Responda
-
asthma
-
osteoporosis
-
hypertension
-
diabetes
Questão 61
Questão
What is the active component of glucosamine essential for cartilage production?
Responda
-
sulfur
-
calcium
-
phosphorus
-
magnesium
Questão 62
Questão
Which of the following inflammatory mediators are inhibited by glucosamine to reduce inflammation?
Responda
-
prostaglandin PGE2
-
substance C
-
histamine
-
hyaluronic acid
Questão 63
Questão
Krill oil is more effective than fish oil in relieving joint pain because:
Responda
-
it has phospholipid type EPA & DHA found more effective
-
It has a higher EPA/DHA levels than fish oil
-
it is more pure than fish oil
-
it contains higher levels of Omega 3 fatty acids than fish oil
Questão 64
Questão
What has been reported as to the mechanism of MSM in reducing inflammation and pain in treating arthritic conditions?
Responda
-
providing sulfur essential for connective tissue synthesis and collagen maintenance.
-
mobilizing calcium to improve connective tissue formation
-
stimulating chondrocytes to produce more cartilage
-
increasing hyaluronic acid
Questão 65
Questão
SAMe is synthesized in living cells from:
Responda
-
Methionine & sulfur
-
tryptophan & ATP
-
Methionine & ATP
-
Tryptophan & ADP
Questão 66
Questão
in which of the following conditions would the use of Stinging Nettle would be contraindicated?
Responda
-
hypercholesterolemia
-
hemochromatosis
-
anemia
-
Asthma
Questão 67
Questão
The mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid includes:
Responda
-
Increase of synovial fluid and cushioning of joints
-
Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent release of cytokines
-
Increase osteocyte activity to produce more cartilage
-
Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent dissolution and destruction of cartilage
Questão 68
Questão
Which of the following hormones has been reported to contribute to obesity and being overweight?
Responda
-
hydrocortisone
-
growth hormone
-
insulin
-
leptin
Questão 69
Questão
How does hydroxycitric acid promote weight loss?
Questão 70
Questão
Chromium has been included in weight control diets because:
Responda
-
enhances glucose transport to the liver and muscles
-
improves glucose tolerance
-
increases insulin sensitivity
-
decreases insulin sensitivity
Questão 71
Questão
Diet supplements containing caffeine are believed to reduce obesity and overweight by increasing metabolic rate
Questão 72
Questão
Green tea has thermogenic and fat oxidizing properties
Questão 73
Questão
Royal jelly can be used to combat overweight and obesity
Questão 74
Questão
Ginseng has been reported to improve energy and the heart.
Questão 75
Questão
Royal jelly is a good source of calcium and thus good source for bone structure.
Questão 76
Questão
How does coenzyme Q10 help those with neurologic conditions?
Responda
-
by increasing/decreasing certain neurotransmitters
-
by improving nerve function
-
by protecting neurons from radicals
-
by protecting the myelin sheath of the nerves
Questão 77
Questão
One of the key mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba in improving short term memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease includes:
Responda
-
increase acetylcholine production
-
improve nerve impulse conduction
-
increase microvascular circulation in the brain
-
reduce nerve inflammation
Questão 78
Questão
which of the following mechanisms of action in treating Alzheimer's disease is the of Huperzine A ?
Responda
-
act as a competitive cholinergic agonist
-
act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-
stimulate acetylcholine production in the central nervous system
-
act as regenerator of memory nerve cells
Questão 79
Questão
Chamomile causes relaxation and a sedative effect by:
Responda
-
by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors
-
by direct depressing effect on the CNS
-
by blockage of excitatory impulses from the hypothalamus
-
by binding to the cholinergic receptors
Questão 80
Questão
The key mechanism of Lemon balm to produce sedation involves:
Responda
-
effect on GABA neurotransmitter production
-
effect on the hippocampus of the brain
-
effect in the benzodiazepine receptors
-
effect on the pineal gland
Questão 81
Questão
Which of the following conditions can be treated by melatonin?
Responda
-
dementia
-
Alzheimer's
-
jet-lag
-
anxiety
Questão 82
Questão
The starting substance for the production of melatonin is:
Responda
-
serotonin
-
lysine
-
tryptophan
-
methionine
Questão 83
Questão
which of the following medication groups can deplete melatonin?
Responda
-
anticoagulants
-
antilipemic
-
antibiotics
-
antidepressants
Questão 84
Questão
Passion flower has been reported to cause muscle relaxation and sedation by:
Responda
-
increasing serotonin levels
-
inhibition of MAO (monoamine oxidase)
-
increasing dopamine levels
-
stimulation of MAO(monoamine oxidase)
Questão 85
Questão
Which of the following medications effects can potentially be increased when given together with skullcap?
Responda
-
hydrochlorothiazide
-
warfarin
-
imovane
-
thyroxine
Questão 86
Questão
Valerian's mechanism causing calming and sedation is reported to be due to its effects on:
Questão 87
Questão
Valerian can potentiate the effect of:
Responda
-
antihypertensives
-
sedatives
-
antiplatelets
-
anticoagulants
Questão 88
Questão
Inositol has been reported to be used in the treatment of:
Responda
-
parkinson's disease
-
schizophrenia
-
alzheimer's disease
-
bulimia
Questão 89
Questão
Which of the following medication's metabolism could be induced by the presence of St John's wort
Responda
-
azithromycin
-
thyroxine
-
dilantin
-
warfarin
Questão 90
Questão
What is the mechanism of Remember FX claimed to be responsible for improving memory and mental alertness?
Responda
-
increase norepinephrine production
-
increase acetylcholine production
-
increase serotonin production
-
increase nerve stimulation
Questão 91
Questão
Which of the following phytochemical constituents is the active constituent of St John's wort?
Responda
-
quercetin
-
essential oils
-
taurine
-
hypericin
Questão 92
Questão
How does cranberry prevent urinary bladder infections?
Responda
-
it is metabolized to a toxic substance that kills bacteria
-
stimulates urination to wash out the bacteria
-
prevents bacteria from sticking to the walls of the bladder
-
it kills bacteria
Questão 93
Questão
which of the following pro-biotics is used to treat colicky infants?
Responda
-
Align
-
HNF Forte
-
BioGaia
-
TuZen
Questão 94
Questão
A reported indication for bearberry includes:
Responda
-
orchitis
-
psoriasis
-
cystitis
-
arthritis
Questão 95
Questão
What type of laxative would cascara be?
Responda
-
cathartic
-
osmotic
-
stimulating
-
lubricant
Questão 96
Questão
Ginger increases the effect of anti-coagulants.
Questão 97
Questão
Probiotics can produce vitamin B6
Questão 98
Questão
Milk thistle can be use to protect the gallbladder from chemical damage.
Questão 99
Questão
Bifidobacteria species are commonly found in the large intestine
Questão 100
Questão
What is the key biological problem with diabetes type 2?
Questão 101
Questão
How does fiber help to prevent diabetes mellitus?
Responda
-
increases insulin secretion
-
increases carbohydrate metabolism
-
provides catalytic enzymes to digest glucose
-
slows down the digestion and absorption of glucose
Questão 102
Questão
The key constituent of bitter melon found to reduce blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes is:
Responda
-
flavones
-
alkaloids
-
polypeptide -P protein
-
C-peptide protein
Questão 103
Questão
Which of the following medicinal constituents is responsible for cinnamon's pharmacologic effect on diabetes?
Responda
-
flavonoids
-
polyphenols
-
saponins
-
tannins
Questão 104
Questão
Which of the following anti-diabetic effect is not a pharmacologic effect of bitter melon?
Questão 105
Questão
Which of the following minerals has been used as an adjunct to diabetic treatment?
Responda
-
chromium
-
iron
-
copper
-
potassium
Questão 106
Questão
Fenugreek should be avoided during pregnancy because:
Responda
-
it has the potential to cause hypoglycemia to the fetus
-
it can decrease breast milk production
-
it can cause teratogenic effects to the fetus
-
it has the potential to stimulate uterine contraction
Questão 107
Questão
Which of the following NHP's has been used to reduce cravings for sweets?
Responda
-
fenugreek
-
cinnamon
-
bitter melon
-
gymnema
Questão 108
Questão
Psyllium has been claimed to have the ability to lower blood glucose levels by:
Responda
-
increasing glucose metabolism
-
reduce glucose absorption from the gut
-
increase insulin sensitivity
-
prevent glucose uptake by the cells
Questão 109
Questão
Which of the following natural products currently sold in some pharmacies is promoted to relieve neuropathic pain?
Responda
-
myoflex cream
-
neuragen topical liquid
-
oregano liniment
-
guggul lotion
Questão 110
Questão
In order to prevent and/or minimize drug binding, psyllium should be taken:
Responda
-
2 hours before taking the drug
-
2 hours before or after taking the drug
-
30 minutes before taking the drug
-
1 hour before taking the drug
Questão 111
Questão
Saw Palmetto is indicated to treat:
Questão 112
Questão
Which of the following NHP's would be indicated for male impotence?
Responda
-
saw palmetto
-
viagra
-
pygeum
-
yohimbe
Questão 113
Questão
Which of the following substances is believed to be responsible for the vasodilating effect of Dong quai?
Responda
-
salicylic acid
-
omega -3 fatty acid
-
tartaric acid
-
nicotinic acid
Questão 114
Questão
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of black cohosh?
Questão 115
Questão
Which of the following group of drugs could have an increased pharmacologic effect when given together with Black Cohosh?
Responda
-
antihypertensives
-
antiplatelet drugs
-
anti-inflammatory
-
anti-cholesterol drugs
Questão 116
Questão
Cernilton has been used in Europe to treat:
Questão 117
Questão
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of chasteberry?
Questão 118
Questão
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be used to treat:
Responda
-
female infertility
-
male erectile dysfunction
-
increase estrogen production
-
decrease prolactin secretion
Questão 119
Questão
Which of the following phytochemicals has been found to be most useful in treating menopausal symptoms?
Responda
-
flavonoids
-
terpenoids
-
phytosterols
-
alkaloids
Questão 120
Questão
Saw palmetto is commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms.
Questão 121
Questão
Pygeums pharmacologic effect includes blockage of 5-alpha reductase biosynthesis.
Questão 122
Questão
Soy's active ingredients includes phytoandrogens.
Questão 123
Questão
Yohimbe is used to treat male impotence and erectile dysfunction.
Questão 124
Questão
A key indication for saw palmetto is treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.