Economics Final Exam - Spring 2015 Undergrad

Question

Business Cycles are__________________________________?

Answer 1

alternating rises and declines in the level of economic activity.

Answer 2

alternating rises and declines in the level of economic activity

Answer 3

peak; recession; trough; expansion

Answer 4

peak; recession; trough;

Answer 5

business activity has reached a temporary maximum.

Answer 6

business activity has reached a temporary maximum

Answer 7

A recession is a period of decline in total output, income, and employment.

Answer 8

a period of decline in total output, income, and employment

Answer 9

output and employment bottom out at their lowest levels

Answer 10

output and employment "bottom-out" at their lowest levels

Answer 11

a recovery and expansion, a period in which real GDP, income, and employment rise.

Answer 12

a recovery and expansion, a period in which real GDP, income, and employment rise

Answer 13

Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices.

Answer 14

Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices

Answer 15

according to the Consumer Price Index

Answer 16

According to the Consumer Price Index

Answer 17

demand pull inflation and cost push inflation

Answer 18

demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation

Answer 19

open market operations; the reserve ratio; the discount rate; interest on reserves

Answer 20

open-market operations; the reserve ratio; the discount rate; interest on reserves

Answer 21

frictional; structural; cyclical

Answer 22

structural; frictional; cyclical

Answer 23

A type of unemployment caused by workers voluntarily changing jobs and by temporary layoffs

Answer 24

unemployed workers between jobs

Answer 25

unemployment of workers whose skills are not demanded by employers

Answer 26

workers who lack sufficient skill to obtain employment

Answer 27

workers who cannot easily move to locations where jobs are available

Answer 28

unemployment of workers whose skills are not demanded by employers, who lack sufficient skill to obtain employment, or who cannot easily move to locations where jobs are available

Answer 29

durable goods

Answer 30

durable-goods

Answer 31

because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity

Answer 32

because people forgo the opportunity to buy durable goods in order to buy goods of necessity

Answer 33

because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non durable goods

Answer 34

because people forgo the opportunity to buy durable goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non durable goods

Answer 35

because people forgo the opportunity to buy durable goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non-durable goods

Answer 36

because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non-durable goods

Answer 37

non-durable goods

Answer 38

non durable goods

Answer 39

Firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non-durable goods.

Answer 40

firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non-durable goods.

Answer 41

Firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non durable goods.

Answer 42

firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non durable goods.

Answer 43

Firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non-durable goods

Answer 44

firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non-durable goods

Answer 45

Firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non durable goods

Answer 46

firms that produce durable goods are affected most by the business cycle because people forgo the opportunity to buy these goods in order to buy goods of necessity which would fall under the category of non durable goods

Answer 47

Automobiles; Computers; Refrigerators

Answer 48

automobiles; computers; refrigerators

Answer 49

Food; Clothing; Medical Services

Answer 50

food; clothing; medical services

Answer 51

Irregular innovation; Productivity changes; Monetary factors; Political events; Financial instability

Answer 52

irregular innovation; productivity changes; monetary factors; political events; financial instability

Answer 53

Irregular Innovation; Productivity Changes; Monetary Factors; Political Events; Financial Instability

Answer 54

I.P.M.P.F.

Answer 55

Monetary policy is policy which is enacted by the Federal Open Market Committee that consists of deliberate changes in the money supply to influence interest rates and thus the total level of spending in the economy.

Answer 56

Monetary policy is policy which is enacted by the Federal Open Market Committee that consists of deliberate changes in the money supply to influence interest rates and thus the total level of spending in the economy

Answer 57

policy enacted by the Federal Open Market Committee that consists of deliberate changes in the money supply to influence interest rates and thus the total level of spending in the economy

Answer 58

policy which is enacted by the Federal Open Market Committee that consists of deliberate changes in the money supply to influence interest rates and thus the total level of spending in the economy

Answer 59

policy enacted by the Federal Open Market Committee that consists of deliberate changes in the supply of money to influence interest rates and thus the total level of spending in the economy

Answer 60

Federal Open Market Committee

Answer 61

federal open market committee

Answer 62

the federal open market committee

Answer 63

The Federal Open Market Committee

Answer 64

The goal of monetary policy is to achieve and maintain price level stability, full employment, and economic growth.

Answer 65

The goal of monetary policy is to achieve and maintain price level stability, full employment, and economic growth

Answer 66

to achieve and maintain price level stability, full employment, and economic growth

Answer 67

Expansionary Monetary Policy; Restrictive Monetary Policy

Answer 68

expansionary monetary policy; restrictive monetary policy

Answer 69

Expansionary monetary policy; Restrictive monetary policy

Answer 70

Expansionary Monetary Policy is that which lowers the interest rate to bolster borrowing and spending, which will increase aggregate demand and expand real output.

Answer 71

Expansionary monetary policy is that which lowers the interest rate to bolster borrowing and spending, which will increase aggregate demand and expand real output.

Answer 72

Expansionary Monetary Policy is policy which lowers the interest rate to bolster borrowing and spending, which will increase aggregate demand and expand real output.

Answer 73

Expansionary Monetary Policy is policy which lowers the interest rate to bolster borrowing and spending, which will increase aggregate demand and expand real output

Answer 74

Expansionary Monetary Policy is that which lowers the interest rate in order to bolster borrowing and spending, which will increase aggregate demand and expand real output.

Answer 75

Expansionary Monetary Policy is that which lowers the interest rate in order to bolster borrowing and spending, which will increase aggregate demand and expand real output

Answer 76

Restrictive Monetary Policy is that which will increase the interest rate to reduce borrowing and spending, which will curtail the expansion of aggregate demand and hold down price-level increases.

Answer 77

Restrictive Monetary Policy is that which will increase the interest rate to reduce borrowing and spending, which will curtail the expansion of aggregate demand and hold down price-level increases

Answer 78

Restrictive Monetary Policy is policy which will increase the interest rate in order to reduce borrowing and spending, which will decrease aggregate demand and hold down price level increases.

Answer 79

Restrictive Monetary Policy is policy which will increase the interest rate to reduce borrowing and spending, which will decrease aggregate demand and hold down price level increases.

Answer 80

Restrictive Monetary Policy is policy which will increase the interest rate in order to reduce borrowing and spending, which will decrease aggregate demand and hold down price level increases

Answer 81

Restrictive Monetary Policy is that which will increase the interest rate in order to reduce borrowing and spending, which will decrease aggregate demand and hold down price level increases.

Answer 82

Restrictive Monetary Policy is policy which will increase the interest rate in order to reduce borrowing and spending, which will curtail the expansion of aggregate demand and hold down price level increases.

Answer 83

Fiscal Policy is that which consists of deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth.

Answer 84

Fiscal Policy is that which consists of deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth

Answer 85

Fiscal policy is policy which consists of deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections in order to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth.

Answer 86

Fiscal policy is that which consists of deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth

Answer 87

Fiscal policy is that which consists of deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth.

Answer 88

Fiscal Policy is policy which consists of deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections in order to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth

Answer 89

Expansionary Fiscal Policy; Contractionary Fiscal Policy

Answer 90

expansionary fiscal policy; contractionary fiscal policy

Answer 91

Expansionary fiscal policy; Contractionary fiscal policy

Answer 92

Expansionary and Contractionary fiscal policy

Answer 93

The government

Answer 94

the government

Answer 95

The tools of fiscal policy include increasing or decreasing government spending, increasing or decreasing taxes, or some combination of the two. By manipulating these aspects of the economy the government can increase or decrease aggregate demand, and/or raise real GDP, as well as, inflation.

Answer 96

increasing or decreasing governmental spending, increasing or decreasing taxes, or some combination of the two, By manipulating these aspects of the economy, the government can increase or decrease aggregate demand and/or raise real GDP, as well as, inflation.

Answer 97

increasing or decreasing governmental spending, increasing or decreasing taxes, or some combination of the two. By manipulating these aspects of the economy the government can increase or decrease aggregate demand thereby raising real GDP or lowering or eliminating inflation.

Answer 98

recognition lag; administrative lag; operational lag

Answer 99

Recognition lag; Administrative lag; Operational lag

Answer 100

The recognition lag is the time between the beginning of recession or inflation and the certain awareness that it is actually happening.

Answer 101

The recognition lag is the time between the beginning of recession or inflation and the certain awareness that it is actually happening

Answer 102

the recognition lag is the time between the initial beginning of recession or inflation and the certain awareness that it is happening.

Answer 103

The administrative lag is represented by the time fiscal action is initially needed and the time action is actually taken.

Answer 104

The administrative lag is represented by the time fiscal action is initially needed and the time action is actually taken

Answer 105

the administrative lag occurs between the time fiscal policy is initially needed and the time when action is actually taken

Answer 106

The operational lag occurs between the time fiscal policy is taken and the time that action actually affects output, the employment rate, or the price level.

Answer 107

The operational lag occurs between the time fiscal action is taken and the time that action actually affects output, the employment rate, and the price level.

Answer 108

The operational lag occurs between the time fiscal action is initially taken and the time that action actually affects output, the employment rate, and the price level.

Answer 109

The operational lag occurs between the time fiscal action is initially taken and the time that action actually affects output, the employment rate, and the price level

Answer 110

The U.S. national debt or public debt is the accumulation off all past federal deficits and surpluses.

Answer 111

The U.S. national debt or public debt is an accumulation of all past federal deficits and surpluses

Answer 112

The U.S. national debt, otherwise known as the public debt, is an accumulation of all past federal deficits and surpluses.

Answer 113

The U.S. national debt is an accumulation of all past federal deficits and/or surpluses

Answer 114

$18 trillion

Answer 115

As of 2015, the public debt is $18 trillion.

Answer 116

As of 2015, the public debt is $18 trillion

Answer 117

The primary burden of the debt is the interest accruing on the bonds sold to finance the debt.

Answer 118

The primary burden of the debt is the interest accruing on the bonds sold to finance the debt

Answer 119

The interest accruing on the bonds sold to finance the debt is the primary burden of the national debt.

Answer 120

The primary burden of the national debt is the interest accruing on the bonds that are sold to finance the debt.

Answer 121

The distribution of government securities is highly uneven.

Answer 122

The distribution of government securities is highly uneven

Answer 123

Government securities are severely unevenly distributed.

Answer 124

The distribution of government securities is very uneven.

Answer 125

The current public debt necessitates annual interests payments of $360 billion.

Answer 126

The current public debt necessitates annual interest payments of $360 billion

Answer 127

the current national debt necessitates annual interest payments of $360 billion

Answer 128

The current national debt necessitates annual interest payments of $360 billion.

Answer 129

The 33 percent of the U.S. public debt held by citizens and institutions of foreign countries is an economic burden to Americans.

Answer 130

The 33 percent of the U.S. national debt held by citizens and institutions of foreign countries is an economic burden to Americans

Answer 131

Citizens and institutions of foreign countries hold approximately 33 percent of the U.S. national debt. This is an economic burden to Americans

Answer 132

The 33 percent of the U.S. national/ public debt held by citizens and institutions of foreign countries is an economic burden to Americans

Answer 133

The continual refinancing of the large U.S. national debt can transfer a real economic burden to future generations by passing on to them a smaller stock of capital goods.

Answer 134

The continual refinancing of the large public debt can transfer a real economic burden to future generations by passing on to them a smaller stock of capital goods

Answer 135

A smaller stock of capital goods can be passed on to future generations as a result of the continual refinancing of the large public debt.

Answer 136

The continual refinancing of the huge national/public debt can transfer a real economic burden to future generations by passing on to them a smaller stock of capital goods.

Answer 137

The federal funds rate is the rate of interests that banks charge one another on overnight loans made from temporary excess reserves.

Answer 138

The federal funds rate is the rate of interests that banks charge one another for overnight loans made from temporary excess reserves

Answer 139

the federal funds rate is the rate of interest that banks charge other banks for overnight loans deriving from temporary excess reserves

Answer 140

the federal funds rate is the rate of interest that banks charge other banks for overnight loans taken from temporary excess reserves.

Answer 141

The Fed, by using its influence on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, can force it to undertake whatever open- market operations may be necessary to achieve and maintain the targeted rate.

Answer 142

The Fed, by using its influence on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, can force it to undertake whatever open-market operations may be necessary to achieve and maintain the targeted rate

Answer 143

By using its influence on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Fed can force it too undertake whatever open-market operations necessary to achieve and maintain the targeted rate.

Answer 144

In order to achieve and maintain the targeted rate, the Fed, by using its influence on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, can force it to undertake whatever open-market operation it deems necessary.

Answer 145

The effectiveness of monetary policy arises from its speed and flexibility as a process. Monetary policy also gains effectiveness from the fact that its isolated from political pressures.

Answer 146

The effectiveness of monetary policy arises from its speed and flexibility as a process. Monetary policy also gains effectiveness from the fact that its isolated from political pressures

Answer 147

The speed and flexibility of monetary policy are the main forces behind its effectiveness. It also gains considerable effectiveness from the fact that it is isolated from political pressures.

Answer 148

Monetary policy is made effective by its speed and flexibility as a process. Its also made effective by the fact that it is isolated from political pressures.

Answer 149

The shortcomings of monetary policy include a recognition lag and an operational lag. Other shortcomings include: Cyclical asymmetry; Liquidity trap

Answer 150

The shortcomings of monetary policy include a recognition lag and an operational lag. Other shortcomings include: Cyclical asymmetry; Liquidity trap.

Answer 151

a recognition lag; an operational lag; liquidity trap; cyclical asymmetry.

Answer 152

a recognition lag; an operational lag; cyclical asymmetry; liquidity trap

Answer 153

income; large; small

Answer 154

want; unneeded; needed

Answer 155

income; needed; small

Answer 156

disposable income; large; small

Answer 157

interest rate; small; large

Answer 158

disposable income; small; large

Answer 159

disposable loan; small; large

Answer 160

opportunity; unearned; earned

Answer 161

they must be saving a larger and larger proportion.

Answer 162

they must be saving a larger and larger proportion

Answer 163

they must be saving a larger and larger proportion of DI.

Answer 164

they must be saving a larger and larger proportion of DI

Answer 165

save; spend

Answer 166

spend; invest

Answer 167

produce; consume

Answer 168

consume; save

Answer 169

consume; produce

Answer 170

produce; invest

Answer 171

invest; spend

Answer 172

invest; produce

Answer 173

Average propensity to consume is the fraction, or percentage, of total income that is consumed

Answer 174

Average propensity to consume is the fraction, or percentage, of total income that is consumed.

Answer 175

Average Propensity to Consume is that fraction, or percentage, of income that is consumed

Answer 176

Average propensity to consume is the percentage, or fraction of income that is consumed

Answer 177

Average propensity to save is that fraction, or percentage, of total income that is saved.

Answer 178

Average propensity to save is that fraction of total income that is saved

Answer 179

Average propensity to save is that percentage of total income that is saved.

Answer 180

Average propensity to save is represented by that fraction or portion of total income that is saved

Answer 181

the proportion, or fraction, or any change in income consumed

Answer 182

The proportion, or fraction, or any change in income consumed

Answer 183

The proportion, fraction, or any change in the amount of income consumed

Answer 184

The proportion, or fraction, or any change in the amount if income consumed

Answer 185

the MPC is the ratio of a change in consumption to a change in the income that caused the consumption change

Answer 186

The MPC is the ratio of change in consumption to a change in the income that caused the consumption change.

Answer 187

The Marginal Propensity to Consume is the ratio of a change in consumption to a change in the income that caused the consumption change

Answer 188

The Marginal Propensity to Consume is the ratio of change in consumption to a change in the income that caused the change in consumption

Answer 189

The real interest rate determines the cost of investment.

Answer 190

the real interest rate determines the cost of investment.

Answer 191

the cost of investment is determined by the real interest rate

Answer 192

the real interest rate determines the cost of investment

Answer 193

the interest rate represents either the cost of borrowing funds or the opportunity cost of investing your own funds which is forgone

Answer 194

the interest rate represents, either the cost of borrowing funds, or the opportunity cost of investing your own funds, which is forgone.

Answer 195

the interest rate represents either the opportunity costs of investing your own funds, which is forgone, or the cost of borrowing money.

Answer 196

the interest rate represents either the cost of borrowing money, or the opportunity costs of investing your own money, which is forgone.

Answer 197

the multiplier effect is when changes ripple through the economy to generate even larger changes in real GDP

Answer 198

the multiplier effect is when changes ripple through the economy to generate even larger changes in real GDP.

Answer 199

The multiplier effect is when changes ripple through the economy to generate even larger changes in GPD

Answer 200

the multiplier effect is when changes ripple through the economy with the effect of even larger changes which occur in real GDP

Answer 201

Change in real GDP/ initial change in spending

Answer 202

Change in real GDP / initial change in spending.

Answer 203

the change in real GDP/ the initial change in spending

Answer 204

the change in real GDP / initial change in spending

Answer 205

initial change in spending x multiplier

Answer 206

the initial change in spending x multiplier

Answer 207

multiplier x initial change in spending

Answer 208

the multiplier x initial change in spending

Answer 209

The initial change in spending is usually associated with investment because it is so volatile. but changes in consumption are also subject to the multiplier effect .

Answer 210

the initial change in spending is usually associated with investment because it is so volatile. But, changes in consumption which is unrelated to income are also subject to the multiplier effect.

Answer 211

The initial change in spending is usually associated with investment because it is so volatile but changes in consumption are also subject to the multiplier effect.

	Criado por Everett Averhart mais de 9 anos atrás

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