2596711
Descrição
Quiz por Jacob Simmons, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Jacob Simmons
mais de 9 anos atrás
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|
Questão 1
Questão
Wilhelm Wundt and the structuralists studied questions still asked today primarily by
Responda
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(A) behavioral psychologists
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(B) cognitive psychologists
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(C) psychodynamic psychologists
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(D) humanistic psychologists
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(E) sociocultural psychologists
Questão 2
Questão
With which definition of psychology would John Watson and B. F. Skinner most agree?
Responda
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(A) Psychology is the science of behavior.
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(B) Psychology is the science of mental processes.
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(C) Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes.
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(D) Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes specific to contexts.
Questão 3
Questão
The question “Is intelligence more influenced by heredity or experience?” deals with a big issue in psychology known as
Responda
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(A) stability vs. change
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(B) mind-body dualism
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(C) rationality vs. irrationality
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(D) structure vs. function
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(E) nature vs. nurture
Questão 4
Questão
If Aristotle and Locke, who both believed that what we know is acquired from experience, were alive today, they would best agree with the
Responda
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(A) behavioral approach
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(B) psychoanalytic approach
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(C) humanistic approach
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(D) biological approach
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(E) psychodynamic approach
Questão 5
Questão
Organized sets of concepts that explain phenomena are
Responda
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(A) independent variables
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(B) dependent variables
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(C) hypotheses
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(D) theories
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(E) statistics
Questão 6
Questão
A quasi-experiment cannot be considered a controlled experiment because
Responda
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(A) subjects cannot be randomly selected
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(B) subjects cannot be randomly assigned
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(C) experimenter bias is unavoidable
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(D) demand characteristics are unavoidable
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(E) too few subjects participate in the procedure
Questão 7
Questão
Of the following, which research method is most effective for studying unusually complex or rare phenomena?
Responda
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(A) controlled experiment
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(B) quasi-experiment
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(C) test
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(D) survey
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(E) case study
Questão 8
Questão
Of the following, which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between political party membership and attitude toward the death penalty?
Responda
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(A) controlled experiment
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(B) quasi-experiment
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(C) test
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(D) survey
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(E) case study
Questão 9
Questão
Of the following, the strongest positive correla- tion would most likely be shown between
Responda
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(A) an adult’s weight and running speed
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(B) close friendships and happiness
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(C) sense of humor and years of education
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(D) poverty and good health
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(E) visual acuity and salary
Questão 10
Questão
John wants to study the effects of alcohol on the behavior of college students. For his study, he spends 5 hours every night for 2 weeks at a bar near a college watching how the patrons act before and after drinking alcoholic beverages. The research method John is employing is a
Responda
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(A) controlled experiment
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(B) quasi-experiment
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(C) test
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(D) naturalistic observation
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(E) case study
Questão 11
Questão
Of the following, which can establish a cause and effect relationship?
I. controlled experiment
II. quasi-experiment
III. correlational research
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(A) I only
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(B) II only
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(C) I and II only
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(D) I and III only
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(E) I, II, and III
Questão 12
Questão
Ms. Costas owns a business with nine other employees. Ms. Costas’s annual salary is $90,000. Her manager’s salary is $60,000. Of her other employees, three earn $25,000 each and five earn $15,000 each.The range of this distribution is
Responda
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(A) $ 75,000
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(B) $ 50,000
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(C) $ 25,000
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(D) $ 20,000
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(E) $ 15,000
Questão 13
Questão
A neuron without terminal buttons would be unable to
Responda
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(A) receive information from neighboring neurons
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(B) generate an action potential
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(C) direct the synthesis of neurotransmitters
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(D) secrete neurotransmitters to postsynaptic neurons
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(E) transport ions across the cell membrane
Questão 14
Questão
Paul Broca found that the loss of the ability to speak intelligibly is associated with damage to a region of the brain in the
Responda
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(A) thalamus
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(B) right parietal lobe
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(C) right occipital lobe
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(D) left temporal lobe
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(E) left frontal lobe
Questão 15
Questão
Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it processes information by means of
Responda
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(A) lesioning
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(B) autopsy
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(C) CT
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(D) MRI
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(E) PET
Questão 16
Questão
The simplest behaviors we carry on
Responda
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(A) are learned when we are infants
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(B) do not involve the central nervous system
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(C) are called instincts
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(D) include sneezing and blinking
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(E) must be processed by the medulla
Questão 17
Questão
Mr. Jenkins’ suffered a “stroke” as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers on his right hand, he has lost sensation in these parts. Of the following, the site of damage to his brain is most likely in the
Responda
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(A) right frontal lobe
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(B) right temporal lobe
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(C) left frontal lobe
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(D) left parietal lobe
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(E) hypothalamus
Questão 18
Questão
Of the following, which are located exclusively in the central nervous system?
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(A) afferent neurons
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(B) interneurons
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(C) efferent neurons
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(D) glial cells
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(E) effectors
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following glands interact(s) most directly with all of the others to help regulate body processes?
Responda
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(A) pituitary
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(B) adrenals
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(C) parathyroids
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(D) thyroid
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(E) ovaries
Questão 20
Questão
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the
Responda
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(A) hypothalamus
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(B) thalamus
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(C) pons
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(D) medulla
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(E) cerebellum
Questão 21
Questão
Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to
Responda
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(A) aphasia
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(B) Alzheimer’s disease
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(C) Parkinson’s disease
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(D) bipolar disorder
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(E) amnesia
Questão 22
Questão
Mechanical energy of vibrations is transduced to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses at the
Responda
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(A) retina
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(B) lens
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(C) cochlea
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(D) olfactory mucosa
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(E) taste buds
Questão 23
Questão
Of the following, which bend incoming light rays to focus an image on the retina?
I. cornea
II. iris
III. lens
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(A) I only
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(B) II only
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(C) III only
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(D) I and III only
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(E) I, II, III
Questão 24
Questão
When food supplies may be unsafe, which of the following would have an adaptive advantage over most other people?
I. Supertasters
II. Average Tasters
III. Nontasters
Responda
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(A) I only
-
(B) II only
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(C) III only
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(D) I and III only
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(E) I, II, III
Questão 25
Questão
On its way to the cones and rods of the eye, (in order) light passes through the
Responda
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(A) cornea, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueous humor
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(B) sclera, lens, pupil, iris, vitreous humor
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(C) cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor
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(D) sclera, aqueous humor, lens, pupil, vitreous humor
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(E) retina, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueous humor, fovea
Questão 26
Questão
Neural impulses go directly to the cortex without passing through the thalamus from receptors in the
Responda
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(A) retina
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(B) joints
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(C) cochlea
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(D) olfactory epithelium
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(E) taste buds
Questão 27
Questão
Of the following, which is not a basic taste?
Responda
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(A) sweet
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(B) salty
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(C) peppery
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(D) bitter
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(E) sour
Questão 28
Questão
Receptors for kinesthesis are located in the
Responda
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(A) retina
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(B) joints
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(C) semicircular canals
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(D) olfactory epithelium
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(E) taste buds
Questão 29
Questão
Carlos was just able to perceive a difference in weight when Maria removed two of the 50 jelly beans from his plastic bag. It is most likely that if Carlos had the jumbo bag of 100 jelly beans, the smallest number of jelly beans he could notice removed would be
Responda
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(A) 2
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(B) 4
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(C) 8
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(D) 16
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(E) 20
Questão 30
Questão
As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your
Responda
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(A) nonconscious
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(B) preconscious
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(C) unconsciousness
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(D) sensory memory
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(E) attention
Questão 31
Questão
Traveling in a jet plane from California to New York is most likely to
Responda
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(A) disrupt your circadian rhythms
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(B) prevent the onset of REM sleep
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(C) stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system
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(D) induce delta brain waves
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(E) cause withdrawal symptoms
Questão 32
Questão
According to psychodynamic psychologists, the unconscious
Responda
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(A) processes information of which you are unaware
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(B) includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts
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(C) is characterized by loss of responsiveness to the environment
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(D) is synonymous with the preconscious
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(E) develops after the ego and superego
Questão 33
Questão
Of the following, which does your hypothalamus regulate over the course of 24 hours?
I. body temperature
II. hormonal levels
III. memory of the day’s events
Responda
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(A) I only
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(B) II only
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(C) III only
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(D) I and II only
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(E) I, II, and III
Questão 34
Questão
“Humans developed a unique waking-sleep cycle that maximized our chances of survival,” is a statement most typical of
Responda
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(A) developmental psychologists
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(B) physiological psychologists
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(C) psychoanalysts
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(D) sociologists
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(E) evolutionary psychologists
Questão 35
Questão
Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years?
Responda
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(A) psychopharmacology
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(B) lesions
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(C) EEGs
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(D) CT scans
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(E) MRI
Questão 36
Questão
Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with spindles and K-complexes?
Responda
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(A) stage 1
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(B) stage 2
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(C) stage 3
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(D) stage 4
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(E) REM
Questão 37
Questão
Nightmares most frequently occur during
Responda
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(A) stage 1
-
(B) stage 2
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(C) stage 3
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(D) stage 4
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(E) REM
Questão 38
Questão
Once Pavlov’s dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork, the tuning fork was a(n)
Responda
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(A) unconditioned stimulus
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(B) neutral stimulus
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(C) conditioned stimulus
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(D) unconditioned response
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(E) conditioned response
Questão 39
Questão
Shaping is
Responda
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(A) a pattern of responses that must be made before classical conditioning is completed
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(B) rewarding behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired goal behavior
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(C) completing a set of behaviors in succession before a reward is given
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(D) giving you chocolate pudding to increase the likelihood you will eat more carrots
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(E) inhibition of new learning by previous learning
Questão 40
Questão
John loves to fish. He puts his line in the water and leaves it there until he feels a tug. On what reinforcement schedule is he rewarded?
Responda
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(A) continuous reinforcement
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(B) fixed ratio
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(C) fixed interval
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(D) variable ratio
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(E) variable interval
Questão 41
Questão
Chimpanzees given tokens for performing tricks were able to put the tokens in vending machines to get grapes. The tokens acted as
Responda
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(A) primary reinforcers
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(B) classical conditioning
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(C) secondary reinforcers
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(D) negative reinforcers
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(E) unconditioned reinforcers
Questão 42
Questão
Which of the following best reflects negative reinforcement?
Responda
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(A) Teresa is scolded when she runs through the house yelling.
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(B) Lina is not allowed to watch television until after she has finished her homework.
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(C) Greg changes his math class so he doesn’t have to see his old girlfriend.
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(D) Aditya is praised for having the best essay in the class.
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(E) Alex takes the wrong medicine and gets violently ill afterwards.
Questão 43
Questão
Watson and Rayner’s classical conditioning of “Little Albert” was helpful in explaining that
Responda
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(A) some conditioned stimuli do not generalize
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(B) human emotions such as fear are subject to classical conditioning
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(C) drug dependency is subject to classical as well as operant conditioning
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(D) small children are not as easily conditioned as older children
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(E) fear of rats and rabbits are innate responses previously undiscovered
Questão 44
Questão
Jamel got very sick after eating some mushrooms on a pizza at his friend’s house. He didn’t know that he had a stomach virus at the time, blamed his illness on the mushrooms, and refused to eat them again. Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus for his taste aversion to mushrooms?
Responda
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(A) pizza
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(B) stomach virus
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(C) mushrooms
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(D) headache
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(E) aversion to mushrooms
Questão 45
Questão
The three stages of the Atkinson–Shiffrin process of memory are
Responda
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(A) iconic, echoic, encoding
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(B) sensory, short term, long term
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(C) shallow, medium, and deep processing
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(D) semantic, episodic, procedural
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(E) cerebellum, temporal lobe, hippocampus
Questão 46
Questão
Which of the following examples best illustrates episodic memory?
Responda
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(A) telling someone how to tie a shoe
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(B) answering correctly that the Hastings was in 1066
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(C) knowing that the word for black in French is noir
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(D) remembering that a clown was at your fifth birthday party
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(E) long-term memory for the times tables learned in second grade
Questão 47
Questão
Doug wrote a grocery list of 10 items, but leaves it at home. The list included in order: peas, corn, squash, onions, apples, pears, bananas, flour, milk, and eggs. If the law of primacy holds, which of the following is Doug most likely to remember when he gets to the store?
Responda
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(A) peas, pears, eggs
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(B) banana, flour, peas
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(C) apples, pears, bananas
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(D) flour, milk, eggs
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(E) peas, corn, onions
Questão 48
Questão
According to the levels of processing theory of memory,
Responda
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(A) we remember items that are repeated again and again
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(B) maintenance rehearsal will encode items into our long-term memory
-
(C) deep processing involves elaborative rehearsal, ensuring encoding into long-term memory
-
(D) input, output, and storage are the three levels
-
(E) we can only hold 7 items in our short-term memory store before it is full
Questão 49
Questão
Which of the following brain structures plays a key role in transferring information from short- term memory to long-term memory?
Responda
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(A) hypothalamus
-
(B) thalamus
-
(C) hippocampus
-
(D) frontal lobe
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(E) parietal lobe
Questão 50
Questão
Dai was drunk, so his girlfriend convinced him to get out of his car, and she drove him home in her car. He could not remember where his car was parked when he got up the next morning, but after drinking some liquor, Dai remembered where he left his car. This phenomenon best illustrates
Responda
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(A) the misinformation effect
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(B) mood-congruent memory
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(C) the framing effect
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(D) state-dependent memory
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(E) anterograde amnesia
Questão 51
Questão
Phonemes are:
Responda
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(A) the rules of grammar that dictate letter combinations in a language
-
(B) the smallest unit of sound in a language
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(C) the smallest unit of meaning in a language
-
(D) semantically the same as morphemes
-
(E) about 100 different words that are common to all languages
Questão 52
Questão
Imprinting is
Responda
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(A) the adaptive response of an infant when its mother leaves a room
-
(B) a maladaptive response of anxiety by an infant when abandoned by its mother
-
(C) a period shortly after birth when a newborn reacts to salty, sweet, or bitter stimuli
-
(D) a period shortly after birth when an adult forms a bond with his or her newborn
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(E) the tendency of some baby animals to form an attachment to the first moving object they see or hear during a critical period after birth
Questão 53
Questão
Which of the following topics would a sociobiologist be most interested in studying?
Responda
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(A) whether or not ape communication can be defined as language
-
(B) whether pigeons are capable of cognitive learning
-
(C) altruistic acts that ensure the survival of the next generation
-
(D) aggressive behavior in stickleback fish related to sign stimuli
-
(E) stress and its relationship to heart attacks
Questão 54
Questão
When asked why he wants to become a doctor, Tom says, “Because I’ve always liked biology and being a doctor will allow me to make a good salary to take care of a family.” His answer is most consistent with which of the following theories of motivation?
Responda
-
(A) drive reduction
-
(B) incentive
-
(C) hierarchy of needs
-
(D) arousal
-
(E) instinct
Questão 55
Questão
According to the Yerkes-Dodson model, when facing a very difficult challenge, which level of arousal would probably lead to the best outcome?
Responda
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(A) a very low level
-
(B) a moderately low level
-
(C) a moderate level
-
(D) a moderately high level
-
(E) a very high level
Questão 56
Questão
The James-Lange theory of emotion states that
Responda
-
(A) emotional awareness precedes our physiological response to a stressful event
-
(B) emotional expression follows awareness of our physiological response to an arousing event
-
(C) an arousing event simultaneously triggers both a cognitive awareness and a physiological response
-
(D) the level of fear we first feel when we ride a roller coaster is reduced each time we experience the same event until thrill replaces it
-
(E) when we are unaware of why we are feeling arousal, we take our cue from the environment
Questão 57
Questão
Which of the following factors stimulate us to eat?
Responda
-
(A) stomach contractions, high levels of glucagon, and stimulation of the VMH
-
(B) high levels of cholecystokinin, high levels of insulin, and stimulation of the VMH
-
(C) lack of cholecystokinin, high levels of glucagon, and stimulation of the LH
-
(D) lack of cholecystokinin, high levels of insulin, and stimulation of the LH
-
(E) low blood sugar, stomach contractions, and stimulation of the VMH
Questão 58
Questão
Homeostasis refers to
Responda
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(A) arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
-
(B) a tendency for individuals to behave consistently when highly motivated
-
(C) a need state resulting from the physiological experience of hunger or thirst
-
(D) the body’s tendency to maintain a balanced internal state
-
(E) the second stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
Questão 59
Questão
What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the Strange Situation when their mothers return?
Responda
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(A) They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care.
-
(B) Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes they do not; there’s no consistent pattern in their responses.
-
(C) They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again.
-
(D) They tend to go to their mothers for comfort.
-
(E) They hit their mothers.
Questão 60
Questão
In the nature versus nurture controversy, “nature” refers to
Responda
-
(A) heredity
-
(B) plants and animals
-
(C) all living things we interact with
-
(D) constituents of the problem
-
(E) the environment
Questão 61
Questão
Researchers were interested in studying the effects of divorce on children. Their study included 250 4-year-olds. Interviews and family observations were conducted 6 months, 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years after the initial interviews and observations. Which method did the researcher use?
Responda
-
(A) cohort sequential
-
(B) cross sectional
-
(C) longitudinal
-
(D) experimental
-
(E) quasi-experimental
Questão 62
Questão
Object permanence is
Responda
-
(A) the belief that all objects have life just like humans do
-
(B) the idea that gender does not change by putting on the clothes of the opposite sex
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(C) the understanding that a tall beaker and a short beaker can hold the same amount of water
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(D) a belief that all objects in the world, including mountains and streams, are made by people
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(E) the understanding that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight
Questão 63
Questão
The rooting reflex is a neonate’s tendency to
Responda
-
(A) open its mouth and turn its head when touched on the cheek
-
(B) throw out its arms and legs and quickly retract them when startled
-
(C) explore the world through sucking objects
-
(D) look longer at round shapes that look like faces than square shapes that do not
-
(E) grasp nearby objects
Questão 64
Questão
Dorothy just celebrated her 90th birthday with her close friends, and is excited about a visit from her grandchildren. According to Erikson, she has probably most recently achieved
Responda
-
(A) isolation
-
(B) integrity
-
(C) despair
-
(D) autonomy
-
(E) industry
Questão 65
Questão
Mr. Hernandez explains to his son that the speed limit is 55 mph. He tells him to stay under the speed limit when driving because it’s the law and will probably prevent accidents. Kohlberg’s level of morality illustrated by this example is
Responda
-
(A) preconventional
-
(B) concrete operational
-
(C) conventional
-
(D) egocentric
-
(E) postconventional
Questão 66
Questão
A critical period is a stage in development when
Responda
-
(A) specific stimuli have a major effect on develop- ment that they do not produce at other times
-
(B) children are resistant to any kind of discipline by their parents
-
(C) new learning is prevented by older learning
-
(D) bonding between the child and parent first takes place
-
(E) the child first enters elementary school and needs positive reinforcement
Questão 67
Questão
Adam loved the girlfriend who dropped him, but acts as if he’s glad to be rid of her. His behavior most clearly illustrates which of the following Freudian defense mechanisms?
Responda
-
(A) repression
-
(B) projection
-
(C) reaction formation
-
(D) sublimation
-
(E) regression
Questão 68
Questão
Which Freudian personality system is guided by the reality principle?
Responda
-
(A) id
-
(B) libido
-
(C) ego
-
(D) unconscious
-
(E) superego
Questão 69
Questão
In contrast to the blank slate view of human nature held by the behaviorists, humanists believe humans are born
Responda
-
(A) evil and instinctively selfish
-
(B) good and with an inner drive to reach full potential
-
(C) neutral and that personality is based on perceptions of reality
-
(D) neither good nor evil, but personality is a product of their environment
-
(E) weak and needing others to find a meaning and purpose in life
Questão 70
Questão
Which of the following is a good example of a Jungian archetype?
Responda
-
(A) John, whose domineering mother’s voice is always in the back of his head
-
(B) Patty, who is haunted by her memories of child abuse
-
(C) Yan, who always roots for the underdog
-
(D) Tariq, who consciously strives to be the best tennis player he can be
-
(E) Kendra, whose power motive influences everything she does
Questão 71
Questão
Which is an example of a projective test, consisting of a set of ambiguous pictures about which people are asked to tell a story?
Responda
-
(A) TAT
-
(B) MMPI-2
-
(C) 16 PF
-
(D) NEO-PI
-
(E) Rorschach
Questão 72
Questão
In order to determine a client’s personality, Carl Rogers used a Q-sort to measure the difference between
Responda
-
(A) self-esteem and self-efficacy
-
(B) ideal self and real self
-
(C) locus of control and self-actualization
-
(D) conditions of worth and locus of control
-
(E) ego strength and need for approval
Questão 73
Questão
Aptitude tests are designed to measure
Responda
-
(A) previously learned facts
-
(B) future performance
-
(C) previously learned skills
-
(D) current competence
-
(E) your IQ score
Questão 74
Questão
A standardization sample for developing a test
Responda
-
(A) should be representative of all the types of people for whom the test is designed
-
(B) is an early version of the test to determine questions that differentiate individuals
-
(C) is a set of norms that will determine what score should be considered passing
-
(D) should include people from all different age groups, ethnic groups, and genders
-
(E) must include a standard set of directions for administering the test that all students will receive
Questão 75
Questão
If Mrs. Delvecchio compared the scores of stu- dents on the odd-numbered questions on the test with their scores for the even-numbered questions, she would be attempting to determine if the test had
Responda
-
(A) content validity
-
(B) split-half reliability
-
(C) predictive validity
-
(D) test-retest reliability
-
(E) concurrent validity
Questão 76
Questão
Advantages of group tests as compared to individualized tests include
Responda
-
(A) that they are cheaper and give more accurate results
-
(B) that they can be given to a large group of people at one time and are cheaper to grade
-
(C) the ability to establish rapport between the examiner and subjects to put them at ease
-
(D) that they have proven to be more reliable and valid in measuring abilities
-
(E) more subjective scoring of results by examiners who evaluate them
Questão 77
Questão
Which of the following best describes Charles Spearman’s g of intelligence?
Responda
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(A) There are many factors that determine intelligence, but genetics is the most important one.
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(B) The internal validity of an intelligence test is g.
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(C) A general intelligence that underlies success on a wide variety of tasks is g.
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(D) Giftedness is determined by both innate ability to perform and experiences one has in life.
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(E) The g is measured by the speed with which one can process information.
Questão 78
Questão
According to Sternberg, which of the following types of intelligence in his triarchic theory are measured by standard IQ tests?
I. analytic
II. practical
III. creative
Responda
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(A) I only
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(B) II only
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(C) III only
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(D) I and II only
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(E) I, II, and III
Questão 79
Questão
Hani was unable to tell the difference between right and wrong. Which of the following definitions of abnormal behavior is described in this example?
Responda
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(A) maladaptive
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(B) insanity
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(C) commitment
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(D) statistical
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(E) personal
Questão 80
Questão
The behavioral approach attributes the cause of abnormal behavior to
Responda
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(A) internal conflict from early childhood trauma
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(B) the result of neurochemical imbalances
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(C) poor self-concept
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(D) reinforcement of maladaptive behaviors learned through experience
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(E) irrational and illogical perceptions of reality
Questão 81
Questão
Which of the following best characterizes a person experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Responda
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(A) Anna, who hyperventilates whenever she is trapped in an elevator
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(B) Ben, who returns home seven times a day to see if he has turned off the stove
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(C) Katia, who complains constantly about feeling sick and goes to many different doctors
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(D) Kabir, who keeps remembering the plane crash that killed the other members of his family
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(E) Miguel, who wanders about a town in a daze, not sure who he is or how he got there
Questão 82
Questão
A soldier who experiences sudden blindness after seeing his buddies killed in battle is best diagnosed with
Responda
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(A) a phobic disorder
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(B) hypochondriasis
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(C) bipolar disorder
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(D) dissociative fugue
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(E) conversion disorder
Questão 83
Questão
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the manic state of bipolar disorder?
Responda
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(A) inflated ego
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(B) excessive talking
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(C) shopping sprees
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(D) fearfulness
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(E) too much sleep
Questão 84
Questão
A delusion is a
Responda
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(A) phobia of being in a social situation
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(B) misperception of visual and auditory stimuli
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(C) faulty and disordered thought pattern
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(D) first indication of dissociative disorders
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(E) characteristic of people suffering from dependent personality disorder
Questão 85
Questão
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Responda
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(A) delusional thinking
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(B) incoherent speech
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(C) hyperexcitability
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(D) hearing voices
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(E) flat affect
Questão 86
Questão
Jenna is telling her therapist about the dream she had last night, and her therapist begins to interpret it for her. Which approach to psychotherapy does Jenna's therapist represent?
Responda
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(A) group
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(B) behaviroal
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(C) Gestalt
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(D) cognitive
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(E) biomedical
Questão 87
Questão
In contrast to a clinical psychologist, a psychiatrist is more likely to
Responda
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(A) engage in an eclectic approach
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(B) use a biomedical treatment
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(C) recognize the importance of group therapy with patients having the same disorder
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(D) treat clients in community mental health centers excusively
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(E) see patients with less serious mental health problems
Questão 88
Questão
Tommy came to Dr. Chambers seeking help with his fear of heights. First, Dr. Chambers asked Tommy to list all of the situations concerning heights that led to his fear response. After they had ordered them from least fear-provoking to most fear-provoking, Dr. Chambers had Tommy listen to soothing music and slowly relaxed him as he imagined each step. Which of the following best describes Dr. Chambers’s treatment?
Responda
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(A) the exposure technique of flooding
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(B) systematic desensitization
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(C) rational emotive therapy
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(D) aversive conditioning
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(E) the social cognitive technique of modeling
Questão 89
Questão
The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is
Responda
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(A) to change maladaptive behavior to more socially acceptable behavior
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(B) to change negative thinking into more positive attributions
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(C) to attain self-actualization
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(D) to unite the mind and body elements into a whole
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(E) to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness and gain insight
Questão 90
Questão
Vic is encouraged to take charge of the therapy session and his therapist uses an active listening approach to mirror back the feelings he hears from him. Which therapy is most likely being described?
Responda
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(A) client-centered therapy
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(B) cognitive therapy
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(C) psychodynamic therapy
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(D) existential therapy
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(E) rational-emotive therapy
Questão 91
Questão
Mr. Moffatt overheard another teacher describe one of his students as lazy and unmotivated. Though Mr. Moffatt had not previously noted this tendency, he began to see exactly what the other teacher had noted. What might account for this phenomenon?
Responda
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(A) norms
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(B) deindividuation
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(C) social loafing
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(D) self-fulfilling prophecy
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(E) representativeness heuristic
Questão 92
Questão
Some difficult cuts needed to be made in the school board budget and everyone on the board knew that there had to be consensus and cooperation. Even though many members disagreed with certain proposals, each one met with unanimous support or defeat. To preserve cooperation, no one offered conflicting viewpoints. Which of the following concepts is best described by this example?
Responda
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(A) group polarization
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(B) fundamental attribution error
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(C) groupthink
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(D) role schema
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(E) reciprocity
Questão 93
Questão
A young woman was gunned down at a gas station. A busload of onlookers saw the entire event and no one did anything. The bus driver even stepped over the body to pay for his gas. What social psychological phenomenon best accounts for this behavior?
Responda
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(A) groupthink
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(B) altruism
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(C) social impairment
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(D) superordinate goals
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(E) diffusion of responsibility
Questão 94
Questão
You read in the newspaper that survivors in a plane accident in the Andes were discovered to have eaten other survivors during their 32-day ordeal. You will have committed the fundamental attribution error if you
Responda
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(A) attribute the behavior to dispositional (personal) factors
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(B) attribute the behavior to situational factors
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(C) think you would have done the same thing if you had been there
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(D) consider the behavior as a signal for the moral degradation of our society
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(E) decide never to fly in a plane again
Questão 95
Questão
Ethnocentrism is the belief that
Responda
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(A) ethnic foods are all good
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(B) human diversity is a positive force
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(C) one’s own culture is superior to others
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(D) other people are all pretty much alike in their opinions
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(E) cultural pluralism is a destructive goal that fosters conflict
Questão 96
Questão
The effect of one confederate selecting a different line from the others in the Asch conformity test was
Responda
-
(A) continuing conformity by the participant to avoid looking bad to the others
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(B) the participant asking to vote privately on a separate piece of paper
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(C) a boost to the self-efficacy of the participant
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(D) to release the participant from the conformity effect
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(E) to cause the experimenter to release that confederate in the next trial period, thus ensur- ing continued conformity by the participant
Questão 97
Questão
Which of the following factors probably plays the least important role in explaining why children often share the same political and economic values as their parents?
Responda
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(A) exposure to mass media
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(B) operant conditioning
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(C) they have never questioned these beliefs and do not really understand them
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(D) modeling
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(E) mere exposure effect
Questão 98
Questão
Of the following, which would be a good example of a self-serving bias?
Responda
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(A) Carlos, who feels that everyone should strive to help themselves as well as others
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(B) Antoine, who says that he has bombed a test even though he always gets an A
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(C) Mai, who works harder for teachers who compliment her on her efforts
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(D) Lina, who overestimates the degree to which people agree with her opinions
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(E) Betty, who believes that she works harder than others and is underappreciated
Questão 99
Questão
Although Graham has not yet met his future col- lege roommate, he learned that the roommate is a football player. He is anxious and unhappy about sharing his room with a football player because he expects that his roommate will be a “party animal” who makes studying in his room difficult. Graham’s attitude can be classified as
Responda
-
(A) stereotype threat
-
(B) prejudice
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(C) discrimination
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(D) scapegoating
-
(E) fully justified
Questão 100
Questão
When asked what they would do if they could be totally invisible and there would be no recrimination, most people answered that they would commit an antisocial act. Which of the following social phenomena might best be able to explain this response?
Responda
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(A) reciprocity
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(B) group polarization
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(C) social loafing
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(D) deindividuation
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(E) self-fulfilling prophecy
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