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Psychology 115 Final Exam Review

Descrição

A quiz to help study for an introduction to psychology final exam.
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Quiz por HighBounce, atualizado more than 1 year ago
HighBounce
Criado por HighBounce aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The three types of memory are ___
Responda
  • shallow, medium, and deep processing memory
  • conditioned, unconditioned, and retrograde memory
  • encoding, storage, and retrieval memory
  • sensory, short-term/working memory, and long-term memory

Questão 2

Questão
The three fundamental memory processes are
Responda
  • recognition, recall, and cueing.
  • encoding, storage, and retrieval.
  • encoding, rehearsal, and retrieval.
  • levels of processing, component recall, and retrieval.

Questão 3

Questão
The BEST reason that 60% of this class did not accurately recognize a penny from among similar distractors is because
Responda
  • most of you don't collect coins.
  • recognition memory tends to fail when there are not enough alternatives to choose from.
  • they have never adequately encoded the details of a penny.
  • they have not ever transferred the information from sensory memory to STWM.

Questão 4

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a possible mechanism of memory failure?
Responda
  • decay
  • interference by other memories
  • retrieval failure
  • encoding failure
  • too many retrieval attempts

Questão 5

Questão
On average, human Short-term Working Memory can hold ___ "bits" of information?
Responda
  • 7
  • 2
  • 12
  • 20

Questão 6

Questão
Using the logic of Loftus’s 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an auto accident. The victim's car was green. However, for half of the subjects, the experimenter casually referred to it being blue. When these subjects were later asked to remember the color of the victim's car, many said that it was blue. This is an example of the .
Responda
  • instant replay effect
  • constructive processing effect
  • color substitution effect
  • suggestibiltiy effect
  • levels of processing effect

Questão 7

Questão
The concept of context-dependent memory indicates that the best place to study for your PSY 115 quizzes is in
Responda
  • your bedroom
  • this room
  • your favorite study spot
  • in a coffee shop

Questão 8

Questão
Suggestibility is important because it shows that
Responda
  • memories are remarkably resistant to memory alteration.
  • memories are prone to alteration when counterexamples are later encountered.
  • memories can be altered by subtle comments made by others.
  • politicians should slant the truth-- because it works.

Questão 9

Questão
Mary has vivid memories of what her first kiss was like as a 13 year old. This is an example of what type of memory system?
Responda
  • Procedural
  • Semantic
  • Episodic
  • Sensory

Questão 10

Questão
When newer information (e.g., a French verb learned in 12th grade) interferes with the retrieval of older information (e.g., the same verb learned in Spanish in 7th grade), this is called proactive interference.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
What mid-brain structure helps transfer information from Short-Term Working Memory to Long-Term Memory and vice versa?
Responda
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • Cerebellum
  • Corpus Callosum

Questão 12

Questão
When asked to recall all the Presidents in the history of the US, most people remember the first few presidents due to the effect; and the last few presidents due to the effect.
Responda
  • recency; primacy
  • serial; position
  • primacy; recency
  • primacy; serial

Questão 13

Questão
The goals of psychology are to
Responda
  • explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind.
  • understand, compare, and analyze human behavior.
  • improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth to death.
  • describe, understand, predict, and control behavior.

Questão 14

Questão
Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were documenting how children learn through reinforcement of their actions?
Responda
  • behaviorism
  • cognitive psychology
  • psychoanalysis
  • evolutionary perspective

Questão 15

Questão
Dr. Hammond has a medical degree and her practice specializes in the treatment of bipolar disorders and major depression. Dr. Hammond is most likely a
Responda
  • psychiatric social worker
  • counselor
  • clinical psychologist
  • psychiatrist

Questão 16

Questão
When we conduct research within the field of psychology we gather information about a specific phenomenon and then make a prediction. This prediction is referred to as the
Responda
  • independent variable
  • dependent variable
  • scientific method
  • hypothesis

Questão 17

Questão
In a false memory experiment, half of the participants memorized a list of words with a strong "sleep" theme and half saw a list with a weak "sleep" theme. We compared the two groups' incidence for (falsely) recalling the word, "sleep". In this experiment, the independent variable was the
Responda
  • number of times the word "sleep" was falsely recalled by each group
  • the left/right side of the room
  • the strength of the "sleep" theme in the lists
  • the distractor task
  • none of the above

Questão 18

Questão
The more one texts while driving, the higher the probability of having an accident. Stated this way, there is _ correlation between the two variables.
Responda
  • a positive
  • a negative
  • no

Questão 19

Questão
A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory. What was the dependent variable?
Responda
  • scores on a memory test
  • playing video games
  • number of hours playing video games
  • the type of video games played

Questão 20

Questão
In an investigation of "new and improved" Advil, half of the participants in the study were given original Advil, while half were given the "new and improved" Advil. Those who received the original Advil were
Responda
  • a confounding variable.
  • the experimental group.
  • the control group.
  • the dependent group.

Questão 21

Questão
A researcher is testing the hypothesis that exercise makes people happier. Participants in the experimental group were assessed for their level of happiness on Monday while those in the control group were assessed on Saturday. What might be a confounding variable?
Responda
  • the treatment
  • the day of the week
  • the exercise
  • the participant's level of happiness

Questão 22

Questão
Which correlation is the strongest?
Responda
  • + .50
  • - .75
  • + .20
  • - 1.50

Questão 23

Questão
Dr. Borden conducts a study to examine how a persons perception of control impacts their experienced stress. She creates two conditions of control (perceived control vs. perceived lack of control) to see whether there is an impact on one's self-reported stress levels. What is the Dependent Variable?
Responda
  • Perception of Control
  • Experienced Stress
  • Dr. Borden
  • Participants

Questão 24

Questão
Critical thinking means making judgment based on
Responda
  • emotional issues
  • memory
  • reason and logical evaluation
  • authority and expertise

Questão 25

Questão
What brain structure allows the two hemispheres to communicate?
Responda
  • parietal lobe
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • corpus callosum

Questão 26

Questão
When a neuron is stimulated enough, it --?--
Responda
  • fires an action potential.
  • becomes an agonist.
  • achieves a resting state.
  • becomes an antagonist.

Questão 27

Questão
Which label marks the location of an AXON or AXONS?
Image:
92ee2256-9470-4981-b6d8-982ef2c0ef67 (image/jpg)
Responda
  • A)
  • B)
  • C)
  • D)
  • E)

Questão 28

Questão
Unfolded, the human brain cortex has the area of a and is _ thick.
Responda
  • notebook paper; 6-12 millimeters
  • twin bed sheet; 1-2 millimeters
  • notebook paper; 2-10 millimeters
  • sheet of newspaper; 1-5 millimeters

Questão 29

Questão
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation measures the blood's oxygen level in the brain.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
---?---- plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.
Responda
  • Dopamine
  • GABA
  • Endorphin
  • acetylcholine

Questão 31

Questão
In the list below, each brain region is paired with a function. Which of the region-function pairs is NOT correct?
Responda
  • Occipital lobe - vision
  • Frontal lobe - executive control, planning
  • Temporal - control of breathing, heart rate
  • Parietal lobe- spatial awareness

Questão 32

Questão
You are walking toward someone you have a crush on and your heart starts pounding, your hands get sweaty, and your cheeks feel hot. These are effects of your .
Responda
  • skeletal nervous system
  • somatic nervous system
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • parasympathetic nervous system

Questão 33

Questão
Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after a stroke. He was unable to speak in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill's difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?
Responda
  • hippocampus
  • Broca's area
  • Wernicke's area
  • occipital lobe
  • thalamus

Questão 34

Questão
Within the neuron, neural signals are best characterized as __.
Responda
  • electrical
  • chemical
  • electrochemical
  • magnetic
  • electromagnetic

Questão 35

Questão
Silvio suffered a stroke and became paralyzed on his left side. The brain damage is in the __ brain hemisphere.
Responda
  • left
  • right
  • cannot be determined from the information provided

Questão 36

Questão
Which of the following coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement? (e.g., sports, musical instrument playing)
Responda
  • medulla
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • reticular formation
  • optic chiasm

Questão 37

Questão
Consciousness is best defined as
Responda
  • your subjective experience of the external world
  • your ability to objectiely pay attention to important information
  • moving from a state of sleep to a state of wakefulness
  • processing of sensory informaiton without full awareness

Questão 38

Questão
A researcher discovers using EEG recordings that brain waves are different during the stages of the sleep cycle. The researcher is using what type of measure to study consciousness?
Responda
  • self-report
  • physiological
  • behavioral
  • humanistic

Questão 39

Questão
The biological rhythm which helps to drive our internal core body temperature, hormone production, and sleep is called the rhythm.
Responda
  • daily
  • nocturnal
  • circadian
  • physiological

Questão 40

Questão
A split-brain client is shown a frog in her right visual field. This information is processed by
Responda
  • the left side of her occipital lobe.
  • the right side of her occipital lobe.
  • both sides of her occipital lobe.
  • her prefrontal cortex

Questão 41

Questão
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because the
Responda
  • person is not really asleep.
  • person's body is asleep, but the person's brain is active.
  • the persons brain is asleep, but the person's body is active.
  • the person has no awareness of being asleep.

Questão 42

Questão
You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake. Betty says it means that you have an unconscious desire to drop out of college and become a baker. Betty's statement is describing the ???? content of the dream.
Responda
  • manifest
  • activation-synthesis
  • latent
  • consolidtion

Questão 43

Questão
One major cause of insomnia is
Responda
  • a lack of REM sleep.
  • altered theta waves.
  • narcolepsy.
  • worrying about sleep.

Questão 44

Questão
In an experiment, researchers found that when given the word pair ocean-moon, followed by the word detergent, participants typically said the word tide. When asked to explain their word choice, participants were unaware that the word pair had influenced their response. This supports the concept of
Responda
  • subjective perception
  • controlled processing
  • conscious processing
  • subliminal perception

Questão 45

Questão
When a person experiences changes in memory, perception, or voluntary action as a result of suggestions made by another person they are most likely experiencing
Responda
  • hypnosis
  • meditation
  • flow
  • REM sleep

Questão 46

Questão
To be considered a hallucinogenic, a drug must
Responda
  • alter sensation and perception
  • alter behavioral activity
  • decrease emotional activity
  • decrease mental activity

Questão 47

Questão
Dr. Borden dreams about answering questions to her competency exams 2 weeks before taking the actual competency tests. This would illustrate which theory of dreaming?
Responda
  • wish-fullfillment
  • problem-solving
  • activation-synthesis
  • manifest content

Questão 48

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the development of addiction?
Responda
  • attraction to novelty and risk-taking
  • poor relationships with parents
  • inherited tendency to sensation seeking
  • personal beliefs that addiction is a choice

Questão 49

Questão
A week-old infant's parents are talking to it. Baby hears a lot of hissing, humming, and puffing. The infant is
Responda
  • sensing their words.
  • perceiving their words.
  • trying to interpret their words.
  • not able to tell anything at such a young age.

Questão 50

Questão
"_" theory explains how color processing works in the eye; "_" theory explains why we can "see" a colored image that is not actually there. (Must select two correct answers for credit.)
Responda
  • transduction theory
  • neural persistence theory
  • opponent processing theory
  • visual after-effects theory
  • place theory
  • frequency theory
  • trichromatic theory

Questão 51

Questão
Ann went to an audiologist for a hearing test. During the test, Ann listened for tones through earphones. The tones ranged from extremely faint to moderately soft. Ann was to raise her hand whenever she thought she heard a tone. The audiologist was testing Ann's .
Responda
  • aural convergence zone
  • just noticeable difference
  • refractory threshold
  • absolute threshold

Questão 52

Questão
The process of converting stimulus energy into neural signals is called
Responda
  • Transduction
  • Sensory transduction
  • neural persistence
  • visual after-effects

Questão 53

Questão
The "sensory homunculus" illustrates
Responda
  • the five different sensory receptors that humans have.
  • the proportion of somatosensory cortex devoted to different ares of the body.
  • the mean sensitivity of each of the sensory systems.
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Questão 54

Questão
Which of the following is NOT true about rods?
Responda
  • They only respond to shades of black and grey.
  • They allow vision in low light.
  • They are concentrated in the fovea.
  • They are less easily fatigued than cones.

Questão 55

Questão
We perceive color because there is color in the electromagnetic radiation sprectrum.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 56

Questão
_ constancy refers to the brain's inclination to see things as relatively the same size regardless of distance from the eye (one of two possible words)
Responda
  • perceptual
  • size
  • relative

Questão 57

Questão
Which is the structure that is primarily responsible for maintaining balance or judging our spatial orientation?
Responda
  • cochlea
  • semicircular canals
  • oval window
  • middle ear

Questão 58

Questão
When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates .
Responda
  • binocular disparity
  • interposition
  • the Gestalt principle of closure
  • monocular cues to depth perception

Questão 59

Questão
Closing your eyes and being able to touch your nose with your forefinger most accurately illustrates
Responda
  • parietal integration.
  • kinesthetic sense.
  • synchronous cognition.
  • vestibular sense.

Questão 60

Questão
Learning is
Responda
  • any temporary change in behavior.
  • a change in behavior due to maturation
  • any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience.
  • any permanent change in behavior due to maturation.

Questão 61

Questão
In a classical conditioning situation, the learned behavior (the response) is
Responda
  • voluntary
  • involuntary
  • aggressive
  • complex

Questão 62

Questão
Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one to which the organism learns to respond to is the
Responda
  • unconditioned response
  • conditioned response
  • unconditioned stimulus
  • conditioned stimulus

Questão 63

Questão
Every time someone flushes a toilet in your dorm bathroom the shower becomes very hot and causes you to jump back. Over time, you begin to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, but BEFORE the water temperature changes. What is the unconditioned response?
Responda
  • jumping away in response to the toilet flushing
  • the hot water
  • jumping away in response to the toilet flush
  • jumping away in response to the hot water

Questão 64

Questão
Young Penelope has a fear of small dogs...but not large dogs. This is an illustration of
Responda
  • stimulus substitution
  • stimulus generalization
  • stimulus discrimination
  • learned helplessness

Questão 65

Questão
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as _??.
Responda
  • the law of effect
  • an unconditioned stimulus
  • a conditioned stimulus
  • an unconditioned response
  • a conditioned response

Questão 66

Questão
Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called __??.
Responda
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
  • memory linkage
  • response substitution
  • v
  • none of the above

Questão 67

Questão
For every 10 boxes of cookies that Lisa sells, her girl scout troop gets a dollar. Lisa is being reinforced on a ???_ schedule of reinforcement?
Responda
  • fixed ratio
  • fixed interval
  • variable ratio
  • variable interval

Questão 68

Questão
??? is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ???___ is an example of a secondary reinforcer
Responda
  • A sandwich : a gold star
  • A gold star : money
  • Food : water
  • A gold star : candy

Questão 69

Questão
In this class you have the option of skipping the final exam IF you have earned an A up to that point. This is an example of
Responda
  • positive reinforcement
  • negative reinforcement
  • punishment
  • discrimination
  • none of the above

Questão 70

Questão
While in an operant chamber, a rat receives an electric shock whenever he presses the lever. As a result the rat stops pressing the lever. This is an example of _???__.
Responda
  • positive reinforcement
  • negative reinforcement
  • punishment
  • discrimination

Questão 71

Questão
John and Jessica sit outside to watch for shooting stars. What type of reinforcement schedule is being illustrated in this example?
Responda
  • fixed ratio
  • fixed interval
  • variable ratio
  • variable interval

Questão 72

Questão
Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army slogan "Be all that you can be"?
Responda
  • safety
  • self esteem
  • belongingness
  • self actualization

Questão 73

Questão
Destruction or defect in which brain structure can drastically alter eating behavior?
Responda
  • hypothalamus
  • pons
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • cerebellum

Questão 74

Questão
Jennifer will only perform to the best of her ability when she receives really big tips. Jennifer's performance is influenced by __ motivation.
Responda
  • primary
  • intrinsic
  • secondary
  • extrinsic

Questão 75

Questão
The tendency of the body to maintain a steady physiological state of functioning is called -----------------------.
Responda
  • homeostasis
  • stability
  • metabolism
  • physiological harmony

Questão 76

Questão
The Yerkes-Dodson Law describes the rule that your performance on a task will be optimal if your level of arousal is -----------. (Assume that the task is neither very easy nor very hard.)
Responda
  • low
  • medium
  • high
  • cannot be determined from the information given

Questão 77

Questão
If Zita has a higher level of testosterone compared with other women, she will be most likely to
Responda
  • want to engage in sexual activity more frequently.
  • have larger breasts.
  • easily reach the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle.
  • have decreased levels of estradiol.

Questão 78

Questão
From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that men would like to have more sexual partners than women. This is because
Responda
  • women lose value as potential mates with each partner they have had previously.
  • having multiple partners makes men appear more desirable.
  • women are less likely to have healthy babies with multiple partners.
  • men can increase their number of offspring with multiple partners.

Questão 79

Questão
Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster is from the _??? associated with emotion.
Responda
  • physiological processes
  • subjective evaluations
  • cognitive beliefs
  • primary evolutionary adaptations

Questão 80

Questão
Lisa does not like going to her sister Megan’s piano recitals, but she finds that if she forces herself to smile during the recital, she will ?__, as predicted by the ?__.
Responda
  • begin to feel happy; facial-feedback hypothesis
  • begin to feel happy; Cannon-Bard theory
  • not feel any differently than she did before; facial-feedback hypothesis
  • not feel any differently than she did before; Cannon-Bard theory

Questão 81

Questão
Tom walks into a dark alley and sees a man wielding a knife at him. Tom believes he is afraid because his heart is pounding . He most likely is a student of _??___.
Responda
  • James-Lange
  • Canon-Bard
  • Schacter

Questão 82

Questão
Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person’s facial expressions. Her friends worry that she can no longer processes the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona’s ???
Responda
  • hippocampus.
  • prefrontal cortex.
  • thalamus.
  • amygdala.

Questão 83

Questão
Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. He is so anxious that he is having trouble working. To cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about it by practicing the guitar. In doing so, Blake is dealing with his feelings through ??.
Responda
  • rumination.
  • thought suppression.
  • distraction.
  • reappraisal.

Questão 84

Questão
When Dave started driving, he had to use a navigation system to get around his neighborhood. Over time, Dave could drive through his neighborhood without the navigation system because he knew where all of the streets and roads were. Dave has most likely developed a ???__ of his neighborhood.
Responda
  • categorical representation
  • mental map
  • set of defining attributes
  • series of individual prototypes

Questão 85

Questão
Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is applying his __ of the elderly in these interactions.
Responda
  • algorithm
  • prototype
  • stereotype
  • exemplar

Questão 86

Questão
Which of the following best describes problem solving?
Responda
  • overcoming obstacles to get to your desired goal state
  • selecting the best option from among a set of alternatives
  • reasoning from general information to specific information
  • evaluating a conclusion to see if it is valid

Questão 87

Questão
Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients. She has to make a cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has. Lauren is engaging in
Responda
  • informal reasoning.
  • framing.
  • problem solving.
  • formal reasoning.

Questão 88

Questão
Using algorithms to think has the advantage of ??? and the disadvantage of ???.
Responda
  • requiring minimal thinking; not always working
  • not always working; requiring minimal thinking
  • always working; requiring effortful thinking
  • requiring effortful thinking; always working

Questão 89

Questão
According to the paradox of choice, having some choice is good, and having even more choice
Responda
  • makes people feel more satisfied with their decision.
  • can be frustrating and impair thinking.
  • forces people to use an algorithm to make a decision.
  • allows us to have insight about what we really want.

Questão 90

Questão
According to the video we watched in class, maximizers are likely to make ?? decisions before a purchase, but actually feel ?? satisfied with the purchase later
Responda
  • efficient, less
  • accurate, more
  • accurate, less
  • efficient, more

Questão 91

Questão
After struggling to solve a physics problem, you take a break for lunch. When you go back to work on the problem, the solution suddenly pops into your head. In this case you used _??___ to solve the problem.
Responda
  • an analogy
  • restructuring
  • insight
  • a mental set

Questão 92

Questão
Although many successful musicians may not have “book smarts,” they certainly have the “street smarts” needed to succeed in the music industry. The theory of intelligence that best accounts for this observation about “book smarts” and “street smarts” in musicians is the ??___ theory.
Responda
  • triarchic
  • general intelligence
  • emotional intelligence
  • crystallized intelligence

Questão 93

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an example of an analogical representation?
Responda
  • a subway map
  • a family tree
  • a sign language gesture for “please”
  • a diagram of the human body

Questão 94

Questão
Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS). Afterward, Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and recreating patterns with blocks. It appears that Jane enjoyed the __ scales of the test.
Responda
  • verbal
  • performance
  • fluid
  • crystalized

Questão 95

Questão
Terry is making a multilayer wedding cake. While trying to make sure it does not collapse, he remembered a bridge he saw that had an interesting support system. He applies that support system to the cake structure to make sure it does not collapse. Terry _??__ to solve his problem.
Responda
  • worked backward
  • created subgoals
  • used an analogy
  • used insight

Questão 96

Questão
What behavioral characteristic is most strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease?
Responda
  • anxiety
  • drivenness
  • hostility
  • depression

Questão 97

Questão
If people did not possess dopamine neurons, addiction to nicotine would be
Responda
  • less likely.
  • more likely.
  • unaffected.
  • strong at first and weak later.

Questão 98

Questão
Cohen purposely infected study participants with live cold virus. He found that those most likely to "catch" the cold were those who
Responda
  • had been severely chilled in cold water.
  • had not eaten a balanced diet during the week.
  • reported higher levels of stress.
  • all of the above.

Questão 99

Questão
The coping mechanism that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is know as ?????
Responda
  • a defense mechnaism
  • problem-focused coping
  • self-focused coping
  • emotion-focused coping

Questão 100

Questão
You experience a large disruption that threatens a central part of your life and is very difficult to deal with. Most likely, soon you will experience body changes, thoughts, and actions associated with the psychological process of ??
Responda
  • coping
  • a daily hassle.
  • primary appraisal
  • stress.

Questão 101

Questão
Adrenaline is a catecholamine, the release of which is stimulated by the ???.
Responda
  • hypothalamus
  • adrenal gland
  • pituitary gland
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus

Questão 102

Questão
Suri is under a lot of stress between family issues, work, and college. She can barely get her work done, eats much more than usual and does not sleep well most nights. Suri is most likely in the ????? phase of the GAS.
Responda
  • Resistance
  • Resistive
  • Resistant
  • Resistence
  • second

Questão 103

Questão
Which of the following would describe the tend-and-befriend response of a person experiencing great stress from his job?
Responda
  • Luigi is worn out and is not sure if he can continue at his job.
  • Bruce constantly complains to his family about his mean boss.
  • Joseph strikes his boss in the face after she threated to fire him.
  • Manny tries to form strong relationships with the new workers.

Questão 104

Questão
People are most likely to adopt a problem-focused coping strategy when they perceive the stressor as ??
Responda
  • positive.
  • negative.
  • controllable.
  • uncontrollable.

Questão 105

Questão
Sasha finds her job difficult and has had a hard time learning how to do some of the tasks that are required of her. She decides to put in some extra hours to learn how to complete the tasks, and she is confident that in doing so she will be able to perform the tasks well. According to research discussed in your textbook, what is a likely outcome?
Responda
  • Sasha will become physically ill from all the extra hours she is putting in.
  • Sasha will feel less stressed and happier.
  • Sasha will become a friendlier person because she will learn to teach herself new things.
  • Sasha will become increasingly negative and even depressed.

Questão 106

Questão
According to your textbook, a large study found what type of relationship between peoples’ attitudes and their health?
Responda
  • People with positive attitudes are healthier than people with negative attitudes.
  • People with positive attitudes are unhealthier than people with negative attitudes.
  • People with positive attitudes are equally as healthy as people with negative attitudes
  • The results of the study were inconclusive.

Questão 107

Questão
Kristine is experiencing some depression and memory problems. To reduce both of these, Kristin’s doctor is most likely to recommend
Responda
  • meditation.
  • getting exercise.
  • using her social support network.
  • increasing her self-esteem.

Questão 108

Questão
Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by ???
Responda
  • cognition
  • mental processes
  • real imagined or implied presence of others
  • psychology

Questão 109

Questão
In Asch's study of conformity, people had to compare different lengths of lines and then select the one which was most similar to the target line. Which factor increased the rate of conformity?
Responda
  • when the task was more difficult
  • when the number of confederates increased
  • when the number of confederates decreased
  • when the participants were given 2 chances to respond

Questão 110

Questão
All of the following are ways to avoid Groupthink EXCEPT
Responda
  • smaller groups
  • allow expression of ideas
  • respectful treatment of group members
  • limiting critical thinking about the best options

Questão 111

Questão
This is a change in behavior due to the direct request from someone else.
Responda
  • Conformity
  • Obedience
  • Compliance

Questão 112

Questão
The Stanford Prison Experiments were testing the power of the ?? on human behavior.
Responda
  • participants personality
  • situation
  • intelligence of participants
  • attitudes of participants

Questão 113

Questão
Getting people to comply with a second, larger request after they comply with an initial small request is called the ??? technique.
Responda
  • lowball
  • door in the face
  • foot in the door

Questão 114

Questão
Laura's room is almost always a mess. Her parents attribute this to Laura's laziness. This is an example of what type of attribution?
Responda
  • personal
  • situational
  • dispensational
  • superficial

Questão 115

Questão
Linda has a stereotype about how a car mechanic behaves. The main advantage of her belief is that it ??. The main disadvantage is that it ??__.
Responda
  • allows for rapid processing; can lead to errors
  • identifies critical information; is a mental shortcut
  • is a mental shortcut; can be changed too easily

Questão 116

Questão
Which of the following is NOT one of the three things that people do to reduce cognitive dissonance?
Responda
  • change their behavior
  • change their attitude
  • form a new attitude
  • ignore the conflict

Questão 117

Questão
You observe the cashier at Caribou get mad and yell at the customer in front of you. Which of the following best illustrates you succumbing to the fundamental attribution error? You think to yourself, ???
Responda
  • the person in front of me is an angry person
  • the person in front of me is probably late for class
  • the cashier is an angry person
  • the cashier has probably had a very bad day

Questão 118

Questão
The more that Edward sees Bella on campus, the more positive his attitudes become toward her. Edward’s attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of ???
Responda
  • attitude accessibility.
  • the mere exposure effect.
  • cognitive dissonance.
  • the elaboration likelihood model.

Questão 119

Questão
Love that is a state of intense longing and desire is ?? love. Love that is a strong commitment to care for and support a partner is ?? love.
Responda
  • companionate; passionate
  • passionate; companionate
  • accommodation; romantic
  • romantic; accommodation

Questão 120

Questão
The lemon juice experiment conducted in class attempted to measure which personality trait?
Responda
  • Conscientiousness
  • Emotional Stability
  • Openness to Experience
  • Extraversion

Questão 121

Questão
Freud's psychodynamic theory has been completely disregarded since the advent of new technology that has allowed us to understand the brain differently
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 122

Questão
For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ??_.
Responda
  • id
  • superego
  • persona
  • ego

Questão 123

Questão
Projective tests make use of ??? stimuli.
Responda
  • paper and pencil test
  • objective
  • three-dimensional
  • ambiguous

Questão 124

Questão
How is age related to stability of personality?
Responda
  • Children’s personalities are more stable than older adults.
  • There is some stability at any age but particularly after age 50.
  • Age and personality stability are unrelated.
  • Personality traits are equally stable at any age range.

Questão 125

Questão
What is Freud’s term for the executive of the personality that develops realistic plans for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?
Responda
  • id
  • ego
  • superego
  • none of the above

Questão 126

Questão
According to the lemon juice experiment, participants who are high scorers on introversion ?? to the lemon juice.
Responda
  • underreact
  • overreact
  • do not respond

Questão 127

Questão
Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?
Responda
  • extraversion and conscientiousness
  • relatedness and Introversion
  • neuroticism and openness to experience
  • openness to experience and conscientiousness

Questão 128

Questão
What is one criticism of projective tests?
Responda
  • They are inappropriate for use with children.
  • They are too simple in their administration and scoring.
  • They have low validity and reliability.
  • They fail to take into account differences in the testing environments.

Questão 129

Questão
Which structure of the brain was responsible for the reaction to the lemon juice in the lemon juice experiment conducted in class to demonstrate a biological basis to extraversion?
Responda
  • Amygdala
  • Hypothalamus
  • Ascending Reticular Activation Rystem (ARAS)
  • Sensory Motor Cortex

Questão 130

Questão
Eddie failed his driver’s license test. When asked why he failed, Eddie says the questions were not fair and the driving instructor did not teach him properly. According to expectancy theory, Eddie probably has an
Responda
  • internal sense of determinism.
  • external sense of determinism
  • internal locus of control.
  • external locus of control.

Questão 131

Questão
John tends to appreciate new and novel ideas and has a love for the arts. What personality trait describes John the best?
Responda
  • Extraversion
  • Emotional Stability
  • Agreeableness
  • Openness to Experience

Questão 132

Questão
What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior?
Responda
  • health psychology
  • psychopathology
  • psychobiology
  • developmental psychology

Questão 133

Questão
Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within, or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered
Responda
  • deviant
  • uncomfortable
  • rare
  • maladaptive

Questão 134

Questão
Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of this type of phobia.
Responda
  • specific
  • social
  • complex
  • interactive

Questão 135

Questão
Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called
Responda
  • agoraphobia
  • a social phobia
  • a specific phobia
  • trypanophobia

Questão 136

Questão
George is suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviors, he is likely to experience
Responda
  • severe depression
  • severe anxiety
  • amnesia
  • hypochondriasis

Questão 137

Questão
Anxiety, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, and concentration problems that occur for more than 1 month after a major stressor are likely symptoms of this.
Responda
  • acute stress disorder
  • posttraumatic stress disorder
  • pretraumatic stress disorder
  • general stress disorder

Questão 138

Questão
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to
Responda
  • low levels of thyroxine
  • low levels of melatonin
  • high levels of thyroxine
  • high levels of melatonin

Questão 139

Questão
In which type of schizophrenia is an individual most likely to have delusions of grandeur?
Responda
  • disorganized
  • catatonic
  • paranoid
  • depressed

Questão 140

Questão
Postpartum depression is diagnosed if the onset of major depression is
Responda
  • prior to the birth of the baby
  • one year after the birth of the baby
  • within four weeks of the birth of the baby
  • after enduring a cesarean birth

Questão 141

Questão
Which of the following statements about antisocial personality disorder is TRUE?
Responda
  • Most people with this disorder are vicious killers.
  • Most people with this disorder are men.
  • People with this disorder suffer terrible guilt but commit crimes anyway.
  • People with this disorder feel emotions very deeply and intensely.

Questão 142

Questão
Applying the medical model to abnormal behavior has allowed for
Responda
  • the DSM to be updated
  • the use of medical terminology within psychological disorders
  • the development of abnormal disorders

Questão 143

Questão
What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?
Responda
  • restricted syndromes
  • naturalistic syndromes
  • sociocultural disorders
  • culture-bound syndromes

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