Questão 1
Questão
What does nonverbal behavior communicate?
Responda
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Relational messages
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Status
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assimilation
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anxiety
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deception
Questão 2
Questão
what are the 6 nonverbal codes
Responda
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facial expressions
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proxemics
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semioticcs
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seperation
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eye contact
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gestures
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chronemics
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silence
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dialogue
Questão 3
Questão
define "semiotics"
Responda
-
analysis of the nature of & relationship between signs. Study of signs & symbols of communication & their meanings. Study of meaning in tattoos, ads, clothing's, etc. multiple meanings usually take place.
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places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed, and often change with flux of people.
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contact vs. non contact cultures.
Questão 4
Questão
What are cultural identities & cultural spaces?
Responda
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home
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neighborhood
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regionalism
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land
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cars
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town
Questão 5
Questão
Define "Postmodern cultural space"
Responda
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places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed- and often change with flux of people.
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when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
Questão 6
Responda
-
type of cultural adaption in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people
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an individual who leaves the primary cultural context that they were raised in & moves to a new cultural context for an extended time (short or long term) and can be voluntary or involuntary
Questão 7
Questão
What is a sojourner?
Questão 8
Questão
What is an immigrant?
Questão 9
Questão
Name the migrant-host relationships
Responda
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assimilation
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separation
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integration
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marginalization
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cultural hybridity
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culture shock
Questão 10
Questão
assimilation is a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
Questão 11
Questão
What is separation?
Responda
-
a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her own original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
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type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.
Questão 12
Questão
what is marginalization?
Responda
-
when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
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migrants & families who often combine the four different modes of relating to the host society depending on the issues.
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type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.
Questão 13
Questão
what is integration?
Responda
-
a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity.
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual maintains both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people.
Questão 14
Questão
What two components are apart of the transition model?
Responda
-
Flight approach
-
Fight approach
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Run approach
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Duck approach
Questão 15
Questão
The Flight approach is when an individual uses trial & error to coping with a new situation
Questão 16
Questão
The Flight approach is a strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment.
Questão 17
Responda
-
a combination between flight approach and fight approach
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when you show off your muscles
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process of adaption through stress, adjustment & growth
Questão 18
Questão
The integrative model is the goal of effective intercultural communication through reducing of anxiety & seeking of information.
Questão 19
Questão
The integrative model is?
Responda
-
the process of adaption through stress, adjustment, and growth
-
the process of adaption through age, gender, and preparation
Questão 20
Questão
What is the "U" curve
Questão 21
Questão
Three parts to the "U" curve
Responda
-
excitement & adaption
-
laughter & tears
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shock & disorientation
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gradual adaptation
Questão 22
Questão
define culture shock
Responda
-
relatively short-term feeling of disorientation
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feeling like you need to go home
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experiencing a new country and hating it and judging everyone
Questão 23
Questão
What is the Anxiety & Uncertainty Management Model?
Responda
-
the goal of effective intercultural communication that can be reached by reducing anxiety & seeking information
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the goal of finding others with shared interests and learning to speak their language and avoiding culture shock.
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the goal of preparation and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
Questão 24
Questão
what is "individual influences on adaptation?
Responda
-
age, gender, preparation level and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
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process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
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state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context
Questão 25
Questão
What is Uncertainty Reduction?
Responda
-
process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
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identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference.
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the process of being to anxious so you lessen your interactions
Questão 26
Questão
What are the two kinds of uncertainty?
Questão 27
Questão
Predictive uncertainty is a sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict what someone will say or do
Questão 28
Questão
Explanatory uncertainty is in the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave the way that they do.
Questão 29
Questão
What are the outcomes of adaptation?
Responda
-
psychological health
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functional fitness
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intercultural identity
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ethnocentrism
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gender roles
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cultural values
Questão 30
Questão
Functional fitness is?
Questão 31
Questão
psychological health is?
Questão 32
Questão
what is intercultural identity?
Questão 33
Questão
What is the phenomenological model?
Responda
-
research approach that seeks in depth explanations of human experiences. In three steps- taking things for granted, making sense of new patterns, and coming to understanding new information.
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some loss and some gain, through flight, fight, and flex
Questão 34
Questão
What are the 3 steps to the phenomenological model?
Responda
-
taking things for granted?
-
crying in a corner
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making sense of new patterns
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asking for forgiveness
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coming to an understanding of new information
Questão 35
Questão
what is liminality?
Questão 36
Questão
what is multicultural identity?
Questão 37
Questão
define "Folk Culture"
Questão 38
Questão
What are the 4 significant characteristics of popular culture?
Responda
-
it is produced by cultural industries
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it differs from folk culture
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it is only found on the radio
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it is everywhere
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it fills a social function
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everywhere likes popular culture
Questão 39
Questão
What is Stuart Hall's encoding & decoding?
Responda
-
encoding is the process of creating a message for others to understand.
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decoding is the process of interpreting a message.
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encoding is done on a computer
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decoding only happen when you interpret the right message
Questão 40
Questão
What is the notion of resisting?
Responda
-
members of any culture have diverse reactions to popular images, and it is important to asses for communication, culture, context, and power. You must know the historical contexts, and have critical views on the "rewriting" of past injustices.
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You resist how new culture effects your life and you use popular images to asses culture and communication. You do not know historical contexts and you do not have a critical viewpoint.
Questão 41
Questão
Cultural imperialism is domination through the spread of cultural products
Questão 42
Questão
cultural imperialism is the domination through the spread of media
Questão 43
Questão
media imperialism is the domination or control through media.
Questão 44
Questão
What are the 6 intercultural relationship dialectics?
Questão 45
Questão
What are benefits of intercultural relationships?
Responda
-
acquire specific & general cultural knowledge beyond our local communities
-
breaking down & getting beyond stereotypes
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acquire new skills sets (cooking, language)
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get to have deeper conversations
Questão 46
Questão
What are challenges of intercultural relationships?
Responda
-
you are being racist
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dealing with cultural differences
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tendency to stereotype
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you think you are better then them
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anxiety
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depression
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challenge to explain relationship to others
Questão 47
Responda
-
chinese word for superficial
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chinese term for relational network. "relationships of social connection built on shared identities such as native place, kinship, or attending the same school"
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chinese terms for being involved with someone of a different culture that you met from school or work.
Questão 48
Questão
What are the layers of Lewin's Friendship Concentric Circle?
Responda
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outerboundary- superficial information
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middle circle- personal information
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inner circle- very personal, private information
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center- marriage and same culture
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outercircle- very basic information
Questão 49
Questão
define "cognitive consistency"
Responda
-
having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
-
having an attraction that is the same throughout a certain number of years
-
individuals have similar traits to yours
Questão 50
Questão
what is the "similarity principle"
Questão 51
Questão
What is the proximity principle?
Questão 52
Questão
What are Romano's characteristics of challenges in international marriages?
Responda
-
cultural values
-
eating and drinking habits
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sleeping habits
-
attitudes regarding time usage
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language issues
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religion
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place of residence
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dealing with anxiety/ stress due to negotiating differences
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social stigma/opposition
-
how to raise children
Questão 53
Questão
what are the 4 couple styles interaction to work out power balance in the intercultural relationship?
Responda
-
submission style
-
compromise style
-
obliteration style
-
consensus style
-
conflict style
-
opportunity style
Questão 54
Questão
what is the submission style ?
Responda
-
each gives up parts of their cultural habits. this seems fair, but both parties must be okay with what they give up.
-
the most common. one partner submits to the culture of the other- maybe different in public vs private
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attempt to erase individual culture to make "new" culture. "Home" to neither, and is not good for long term
Questão 55
Questão
Compromise style is when each gives up parts of their cultural habits, but it is only fair when both are okay with what they give up.
Questão 56
Questão
The consensus style is the most desirable and is a negotiation and both parties are happy with overall changes.
Questão 57
Questão
define "conflict"
Responda
-
destructive and confrontational. both parties do not agree and there is no order.
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involving a perceived or real incompatibility of goals, values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more interdependent individuals or groups
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values and expectations create havick and both parties leave feeling like they are now independent.
Questão 58
Questão
what are the 2 orientations of conflict?
Responda
-
opportunity
-
conflict as destructive
-
values
-
peace offered
Questão 59
Questão
steps of Opportunity conflict:
Responda
-
conflict is a normal useful process
-
conflict is not okay
-
all issues subject to change through negotiation
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direct confrontation & conciliation are valued
-
direct confrontation & conciliation are not valued
-
conflict is a necessary renegotiation of an implied contract- redistribution of opportunity, release of tensions, renewal of relationships
Questão 60
Questão
what the steps to conflict as destructive:
Responda
-
conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace
-
it is peaceful to have conflict
-
social system should not be adjusted to meet the needs of members, rather members should adapt to est. values.
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confrontations leads to renewal
-
confrontations are destructive & ineffective
-
disputants should be disciplined
-
helps with negotiations
Questão 61
Questão
5 types of conflict:
Responda
-
affective conflict
-
conflict of interest
-
conflict of peace
-
value conflict
-
cognitive conflict
-
goal conflict
-
destructive conflict
-
opportunity conflict
Questão 62
Questão
affective conflict is conflict that differs on ideologies on special issues
Questão 63
Questão
affective conflict is:
Responda
-
incompatible emotions/ feelings
-
incongruent thought processes or perceptions
-
incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue
Questão 64
Questão
conflict of interest conflict:
Responda
-
incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue.
-
differ on ideologies on specific issues
-
disagree on preferred outcome or end state
Questão 65
Questão
goal conflict is a disagreement on preferred outcome or state
Questão 66
Questão
cognitive conflict is incongruent thought processes or perceptions
Questão 67
Questão
4 styles to approach conflict:
Questão 68
Questão
what is the direct approach?
Responda
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
-
a view that the best way to deal with a conflict is to use vague & non-specific language
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings
Questão 69
Questão
what is restraint approach?
Responda
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by hiding or suppressing feelings & emotions
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings
Questão 70
Questão
Indirect approach is by using overt displays of feelings
Questão 71
Questão
4 styles to combining the approaches of conflict:
Responda
-
discussion style
-
engagement style
-
value style
-
opportunity style
-
liminality style
-
accommodating style
-
dynamic style
Questão 72
Questão
what is the discussion style?
Responda
-
combines direct & emotional expressive approaches
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
-
combines direct & emotional restrained approaches
Questão 73
Questão
what is the engagement style?
Responda
-
combine the direct & emotional restrained approaches
-
combine direct & emotional expressive approaches
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
Questão 74
Questão
what is the accommodating style?
Responda
-
combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
-
combines direct & emotional restrained approach
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach
Questão 75
Questão
what is the dynamic style?
Responda
-
combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
-
combines the direct & emotional expressive approach
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach
Questão 76
Questão
7 suggestions for managing intercultural conflict:
Responda
-
stay centered, do not polarize
-
maintain contact
-
identify your preferred style
-
immediately shut down
-
be willing to forgive
-
do not be open for change
Questão 77
Questão
define "facework"
Responda
-
the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence
-
communication strategies used to "save" our own or someone else's "face" or public image
-
to ease in with an individual on how to cope with situations in which a great deal is unknown
Questão 78
Questão
4 individual components of intercultural communication competence:
Responda
-
motivation
-
knowledge
-
liminality
-
attitudes
-
peace
-
behaviors & skills
Questão 79
Questão
what is motivation?
Responda
-
perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
-
as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) other, & various aspects of communication.
-
tolerance of ambiguity, empathy, and nonjudgementalism.
Questão 80
Questão
what is knowledge?
Responda
-
perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
-
tolerance for ambiguity, empath, nonjudgementalism
-
as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) others, & various aspects of communication
Questão 81
Questão
3 parts to knowledge:
Responda
-
self-knowledge
-
other-knowledge
-
linguistic-knowledge
-
value-knowledge
-
facework-knowledge
Questão 82
Questão
what is the "platinum rule"
Questão 83
Questão
4 levels of intercultural competence:
Responda
-
interaction competence
-
unconscious incompetence
-
conscious incompetence
-
contextual competence
-
conscious competence
-
unconscious competence
Questão 84
Questão
Unconscious Competence is when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
Questão 85
Questão
Conscious incompetence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together, knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Questão 86
Questão
Conscious incompetence is:
Responda
-
when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
-
when one is aware that interaction is not going well, but doesn't understand why
-
teach at the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator.
Questão 87
Questão
Conscious competence is the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator
Questão 88
Questão
unconscious competence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together; knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Questão 89
Questão
how may contextual components of intercultural communication competence be constrained?
Questão 90
Questão
How do you apply knowledge about intercultural communication?
Responda
-
entering into dialogue- "keep the cultural conversation going"
-
stop learning about different cultures altogether
-
becoming interpersonal allies- recognize power & privileges, impact of history & develop orientation of affirmation
-
building coalitions
-
start dating interculturally
-
social justice & transformations
-
forgiveness- promote this
-
transform