3188065
Questão 1
Questão
All of the following are true except
Responda
-
The role of negative feedback system is to bring it back to Set point
-
The role of a positive feedback is all about destabilizing the system and amplifying the signal
-
Blood clotting, uterine contractions in response to oxytocin are examples of positive feedback
-
None of the above
Questão 2
Questão
All of the following are true about diffusion is dependent
Responda
-
It is dependent on the cross sectional area thru which the flow of solute is measured
-
The difference in solute concentration between regions
-
The distance (or thickness) between regions A and B
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The lipid solubility of the solute
-
The difference in solvent concentration between regions
Questão 3
Questão
All of the following are true about diffusion except?
Responda
-
IF you increase the molecular size the Net flux increases
-
The more the solubility in lipid the faster that molecule diffuses (like CO2 vs O2)
-
The thinner the membrane the faster the net flux
-
larger the concentration difference the faster the net flux
Questão 4
Questão
In osmosis there is net movement (passive) of Water across a semi permeable membrane
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
When thinking about Tonicity, think ONLY about NaCL
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 6
Questão
The following are the sequence of events if you add water to ECF - all are true except?
Responda
-
ECF will be diluted compared to ICF
-
Water will move from ECF to ICF
-
Increase in ECF volume and decrease in ICF volume
-
Once it reaches equilibrium both ECF and ICF will have the same osmolarity
Questão 7
Questão
Protein Mediated Transport rate will be faster with increase in substrate concentration
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 8
Questão
All of the following about Cardiac glycosides (digitalis) are true except?
Responda
-
Blocks NaK ATPase
-
Increase the ICF concentration of Na and decrease the ICF concentration of K
-
This will increase the chemical gradient for Na to come into the cell
-
Ca antitransporter slows down which increases the ICF conc of Ca thereby increasing contractility
Questão 9
Questão
All of the following are true about RMP except
Responda
-
When RMP = -110 mv inside is more negative --> draws K into the cell and it is hyperpolarized enough to have more K coming in than leaving, despite that being against it's conc gradient
-
When RMP = +30 inside is more positive than the outside -->both the electrical and chemical gradient is pushing K out of the cell
-
none of the above
Questão 10
Questão
Generation of resting membrane potential - all the following true except?
Responda
-
if only K is permeable, Equilibrium potential for K will determine the RMP and it will be -94mV
-
If only Na is permeable then the RMP would be +60mV (which is the equilibrium potential for Na)
-
When there are 2 ions moving (back of forth thru the membrane) the RMP will be determined by the ion with the greater number of leaky (non-gated) channels
-
none of the above
Questão 11
Questão
Increasing the ECF concentration of NA makes the RMP more positive
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 12
Questão
If you make the membrane even more permeable to K - then the membrane will be hyperpolarized
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 13
Questão
All of the following are true about Electronic Potentials except?
Responda
-
Subthreshold depolarizing events
-
Chemical, mechanical stimuli
-
Polarity inside positive
-
Does not propagate
-
No refractory period
Questão 14
Questão
All are true about Action potential except?
Responda
-
All or nothing event
-
Chemical or mechanical stimuli
-
Polarity with inside positive
-
Propogates
-
Refractory period (including Absolute refractory period)
Questão 15
Questão
All of the following are true except?
Responda
-
At rest - membrane is most permeable to Na
-
At Threshold - voltage-gated Na channels open
-
Rising phase and overshoot - membrane becomes so depolarized that it overshoots and is reversed in polarity
-
At or near the peak the Na permeability begins to decrease and K permeability through voltage-gated K channels increase (Both channels open in response to hitting Threshold, just Na open much faster)
-
Repolarization - Na voltage gated channels have started closing and voltage gated channels are opening
-
After hyperpolarization - voltage gated K channels are still open but they will gradually close at this point
Questão 16
Questão
TEA (tetra ethyl ammonium)
Responda
-
Block K current
-
Repolarization is affected
-
You can still get an AP (action potential) with this
-
all of the above are correct
Questão 17
Questão
TTX (Tetrotoxin) and Saxitoxin (STX)
Responda
-
Block Na voltage gated channels
-
Affects repolarization
-
cannot trigger an AP
Questão 18
Questão
All of the following about AP are true except?
Responda
-
AP is initiated at axon hillock - where there are the greatest number of voltage-sensitive gates are located
-
Nodes of Ranvier will increase the propagation of the AP
-
Inhibitory Post synaptic mediators like GABA will activate Cl- channels which causes and influx of Cl- which in turn will hyperpolarize the cell
-
none of the above
Questão 19
Questão
the slower the Time Constant the greater the Propagation Velocity
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 20
Questão
The greater the Length(space) Constant the shorter the membrane will stay depolarized
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 21
Questão
Electrical Synapse has Bidirectional flow whereas a Chemical synapse has Unidirectional flow
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 22
Questão
The Following is the sequence of events at the synapse
Responda
-
An AP arrives at the presynaptic terminal
-
Voltage-gated Ca channels open and Ca enters the cell
-
This Ca triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicle with the post synaptic membrane
-
NTM (neuro transmitter) diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to the specific receptors on the post synaptic cell
-
Bound receptors will activate the post synaptic cell and the NTM breaks down and is taken up by the pre synaptic terminal or other cells or diffuses away from the synapse
Questão 23
Questão
All of the following about the toxins are true except?
Responda
-
Conotoxin will inhibit the release of NTM
-
Tubocurarine and Bungotoxin block the AcH receptors
-
Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin - prevents the release of GABA - causing spastic paralysis
-
Botulin cleaves synaptobrevin - prevents the release of Ach - flaccid paralysis
-
none of the above
Questão 24
Questão
Metabotropic receptor acts through a secondary messenger
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 25
Questão
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP) act either by Opening of Cl- or K+ channels
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 26
Questão
NE is the primary excitatory transmitter for postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 27
Questão
Degeneration of Dopaminergic neurons in substantia Nigra leads to Parkinson's disease
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 28
Questão
Dopamine can be used as treatment for Parkinson's disease
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
All of the following are inhibitory NTMs except
Responda
-
Glutamate
-
GABA
-
Glycine
-
All of the above
Questão 30
Questão
Nicotinic receptors are Metabotropic whereas Muscarinic receptors are Ionotrophic
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 31
Questão
NMDA receptor is specifically excitatory glutamate receptor for which Glycine must also be bound for the ion channel to open
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 32
Questão
Temporal summation occurs when consecutive synaptic potentials arrive at the postsynaptic cell and add together
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 33
Questão
PCP(phencyclidine) is the antagonist for NMDA receptor
Responda
- True
- False
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