Environmental Science - Chapter Two

Descrição

I'm using "Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories" 4th edition by Withgott & Laposata
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
What is a system?
Responda
  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish different goals.
  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish the same goal.
  • One part working to accomplish many different goals.

Questão 3

Questão
Without a part, the system will still work properly.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 4

Questão
System inputs _?
Responda
  • Pull something out of the system.
  • Put something into the system
  • Take something away from the system
  • Don't do anything to interact with the system

Questão 5

Questão
System outputs _?
Responda
  • Are the result of the system inputs
  • Create the same input again for the same system
  • Are useless

Questão 6

Questão
A system output can serve as a input.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
What are the types of feedback loops?
Responda
  • Positive
  • Electron
  • Neutral
  • Negative

Questão 8

Questão
In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 9

Questão
Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.
Responda
  • equilibrium
  • preservation
  • combustion
  • unsustainability

Questão 11

Questão
A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.
Responda
  • combustion
  • stable situations
  • unstable situations

Questão 13

Questão
Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 14

Questão
What is the lithosphere?
Responda
  • Earth's decay
  • Earth's crust
  • Everything but earth's crust

Questão 15

Questão
What is the atmosphere?
Responda
  • Water
  • Outer space
  • Air surrounding our planet

Questão 16

Questão
What is the hydrosphere?
Responda
  • All land
  • All water
  • Everything but water

Questão 17

Questão
What is the biosphere?
Responda
  • Total of all the planet's biotic and abiotic components.
  • Total of all the planet's biotic components
  • Total of all the planet's abiotic components
  • Total of all the planet's water

Questão 18

Questão
Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Laws of Conservation of Matter
Responda
  • can be transformed
  • cannot be transformed
  • cannot be destroyed or created
  • stays constant as its recycled

Questão 22

Questão
An element is _.
Responda
  • a fundamental type of matter
  • a fundamental type of science

Questão 23

Questão
An element cannot be broken down into any other substances with other properties.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
Each element is composed of
Responda
  • atoms
  • three neutrons
  • element

Questão 25

Questão
An atom is the smallest component that maintains the chemical properties of the element.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
Each atom has a nucleus with
Responda
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • proteins
  • chemicals

Questão 27

Questão
An element will always have the same number of
Responda
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • nuclei

Questão 28

Questão
An element can have different numbers of neutrons or electrons.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
Isotopes _.
Responda
  • can have different numbers of neutrons
  • can have different numbers of electrons
  • can change its behavior
  • can be radioactive
  • cannot be radioactive

Questão 30

Questão
Ions are positively charged.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Ions are atoms that can gain or lose
Responda
  • protons
  • nuclei
  • neutrons
  • electrons

Questão 32

Questão
A pH scale
Responda
  • measures oxygen
  • measures hydrogen
  • measures carbon
  • measures nitrogen

Questão 33

Questão
Hydrogen ions and whether they are acidic or basic is
Responda
  • counted on a balance
  • measured on a pH scale
  • measured on a pH ruler
  • oberserved

Questão 34

Questão
Molecules are _.
Responda
  • the combination of two or more atoms
  • the combination of two atoms
  • the combination of four of the same atoms

Questão 35

Questão
Molecules composed of two or more different elemets are called compounds.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
Organic compounds are
Responda
  • Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • Hydrogen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • Carbon atoms bonded to carbon atoms
  • Nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms

Questão 37

Questão
Polymers are long chains of repeated molecules.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
Hydrocarbons are
Responda
  • compounds of hydrogen and carbon
  • compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen
  • compounds of carbon and nitrogen

Questão 39

Questão
Macromolecules are
Responda
  • Large molecules
  • Small molecules
  • Medium molcules
  • Microscopic molecules

Questão 40

Questão
What are three essential macromolecules?
Responda
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

Questão 41

Questão
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
Amino acids do not determine the identity of proteins.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
Amino acids
Responda
  • Store energy
  • Transport substances
  • Provide structural support
  • Produce tissue

Questão 44

Questão
Amino acids are the building blocks of life.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 45

Questão
Nucleic acid direct protein production.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
Nucleic acid carries
Responda
  • protein information
  • genetic information
  • mental information
  • carbohydrate information

Questão 47

Questão
What are the two types of nucleic acid?
Responda
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • RDNA
  • CNA

Questão 48

Questão
Carbohydrates are
Responda
  • simple sugars
  • complex sugars
  • simple proteins
  • nucleic acids

Questão 49

Questão
What are the two major types of energy?
Responda
  • Combustion energy
  • Potential energy
  • Wind energy
  • Kinetic energy

Questão 50

Questão
Potential energy is the energy of
Responda
  • position
  • chemicals
  • atoms
  • motion

Questão 51

Questão
Kinetic energy is the energy of
Responda
  • poisition
  • chemicals
  • wind
  • motion

Questão 52

Questão
Chemical energy is potential energy in the bonds of atoms.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 53

Questão
Why is it important to have energy?
Responda
  • To do anything
  • To run
  • To do nothing

Questão 54

Questão
In the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 55

Questão
In the Second Law of Thermodynamics,
Responda
  • the nature of energy will change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state
  • the nature of energy will change from a less ordered state to a more ordered state

Questão 56

Questão
The Earth's energy comes from the moon.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 57

Questão
Autotrophs are also know as consumers.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 58

Questão
Autotrophs are known as producers.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 59

Questão
Autotrophs
Responda
  • Use the sun's energy to produce their own food
  • Use the sun's energy to decompose
  • Do not use the sun's energy to produce their own food

Questão 60

Questão
Autotrophs
Responda
  • turn chemical energy into light energy
  • turn light energy into chemical energy
  • turn light energy into soil
  • turn chemical energy into wind energy

Questão 61

Questão
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugars.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 62

Questão
The components of photosynthesis are
Responda
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Shade
  • Sunlight
  • Soil
  • Sugar
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen

Questão 63

Questão
Heterotrophs can produce their own food.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 64

Questão
What are the components of cellular respiration?
Responda
  • Water
  • Energy
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sunlight
  • Sugar
  • Oxygen
  • Monoxide
  • CO2

Questão 65

Questão
Energy is kept as heat in a one-way flow through the system.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 66

Questão
An ecosystem is all of the organisms and non-living entities in a particular area at the same time
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 67

Questão
Primary production is the
Responda
  • conversion of solar energy to sugars
  • conversion of sugars to solar energy
  • conversion or water to gas
  • conversion of solar energy to wind energy

Questão 68

Questão
Gross primary production is the
Responda
  • use of energy made by the heterotrophs themselves
  • use of energy made by the plants themselves
  • use of atoms made by the plants themselves

Questão 69

Questão
Net primary production is energy left over to put into biomass.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 70

Questão
All ecosystems produce biomass at the same rate.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 71

Questão
Elements and compounds are consumed and required for survival of organisms.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 72

Questão
Nitrogen has
Responda
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 4 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 4 protons, 4 neutrons

Questão 73

Questão
Phosphorus has
Responda
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 15 protons, 15 neutrons
  • 17 protons, 17 neutrons

Questão 74

Questão
Oxygen has
Responda
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 7 protons, 8 neutrons
  • 8 protons, 8 neutrons

Questão 75

Questão
Carbon has
Responda
  • 7 protons, 6 neutrons
  • 6 protons, 6 neutrons
  • 6 protons, 7 neutrons

Questão 76

Questão
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gad used by plants for photosynthesis, given off by repiration, and released by burning fossil fuels.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 77

Questão
Ionic bonds are
Responda
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between positively charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between negatively charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between neutrally charged ions.

Questão 78

Questão
A watershed is the entire area of a river from when a pipe drains into an ocean.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 79

Questão
Hypoxia is the condition of extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a body of water.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 80

Questão
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by atoms "sharing" electrons.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 81

Questão
What is a solution?
Responda
  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together without chemically bonding.
  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together with an ionic bond.
  • Plasma

Questão 82

Questão
Methane is a colorless gas produced primarily by anaerobic decomposition.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 83

Questão
The ozone
Responda
  • is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms
  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere
  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere
  • is a molecule consisting of four oxygen atoms

Questão 84

Questão
What happens in biogeochemical cycles?
Responda
  • Nutrients cycle through the stratosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Chemicals cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Nutrients cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Questão 85

Questão
What is a flux?
Responda
  • Movement among ponds
  • Movement among reservoirs
  • Movement among oceans

Questão 86

Questão
A source is a reservoir that releases more nutrients than they accept
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 87

Questão
In a sink, the reservoir accepts more than it releases.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 88

Questão
What are the three forms of the hydrolytic cycle?
Responda
  • liquid
  • plasma
  • gas
  • solid

Questão 89

Questão
Water gets into the atmosphere only by evaporation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 90

Questão
What is transpiration?
Responda
  • Evaporation from plants
  • Evaporation from snow
  • Evaporation in general

Questão 91

Questão
Runoff is water flowing over land.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 92

Questão
Human have only impacted some aspects of the water cycle.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 93

Questão
How have we impacted the water cycle?
Responda
  • Overfilled water sources
  • Decreased evaporation
  • Depleted water sources
  • Reduced transpiration
  • Increased transpiration
  • Increased evaporation

Questão 94

Questão
Carbon is a part of every living thing.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 95

Questão
Producers pull _ from the atmosphere.
Responda
  • CO2
  • H2O
  • N
  • K

Questão 96

Questão
Producers put some CO2 back into the atmosphere.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 97

Questão
CO2 becomes incorporated into the tissues of _ and _.
Responda
  • plants, air
  • plants, insects
  • animals,insects
  • plants,animals

Questão 98

Questão
Settles into _ when organisms die.
Responda
  • Water
  • Sediment
  • Plants

Questão 99

Questão
What is the largest reservoir of carbon?
Responda
  • Water
  • Air
  • Plants
  • Soil

Questão 100

Questão
Putting too much CO2 into the air is a major climate change argument.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 101

Questão
Shifted from _ to atmosphere.
Responda
  • hydrosphere
  • lithosphere
  • stratosphere

Questão 102

Questão
Nitrogen makes up how much of our atmosphere?
Responda
  • 48%
  • 78%
  • 88%
  • 76%

Questão 103

Questão
Nitrogen is essential.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 104

Questão
Nitrogen needs what to help itself cycle.
Responda
  • Bacteria
  • Thunder
  • Lightning
  • Atoms

Questão 105

Questão
How many steps are in the nitrogen cycle?
Responda
  • 3
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6

Questão 106

Questão
Nitrogen has to be "fixed" before it can be used.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 107

Questão
Through what step of the nitrogen cycle do plants take up nitrates?
Responda
  • Deneitrification
  • Nitrification
  • Nitrogen fixation

Questão 108

Questão
How have humans impacted the nitrogen cycle?
Responda
  • Reduced plants
  • Reduced bacteria
  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through fertilizer.
  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through new plants.

Questão 109

Questão
Phosphorus is found in the atmosphere.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 110

Questão
The majority of phosphorus is found in
Responda
  • rocks
  • plants
  • animals
  • water

Questão 111

Questão
When rocks are weather, the phosphorus runs into the water and
Responda
  • settles into the sediment
  • settles into plants
  • settles into fish
  • is dissolved

Questão 112

Questão
Plants do not take up phosphorus.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 113

Questão
How have humans impacted the phosphorus cycle?
Responda
  • Mined rocks
  • Put phosphorus in fertilizers
  • Taken phosphorus out of fertilizers
  • Detergents

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