34380664
Descrição
Quiz por ACAPUN INSTITUTE, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE
aproximadamente 3 anos atrás
|
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Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following drugs is often administered to treat life-threatening arrhythmias?
Responda
-
a. quinidine
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b. lidocaine
-
c. verapamil
-
d. propranolol
Questão 2
Questão
A male patient who is receiving Coumadin therapy presents for an elective extraction. His protrhombin time (PT) is prolonged. Which of the following methods is preferred for reducing the PT to an acceptable level?
Responda
-
a. administering vitamin K (Aqua Mephyton)
-
b. Withdrawing Coumadin for two days
-
c. reducing Coumadin to one half the usual dose for two days
-
d. administering a Coumadin antagonist, such as heparin
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e. administering a platelet transfusion to enhance coagulability
Questão 3
Questão
Each of the following drugs has a significant anti-inflammatory property except one. Which one is the exception?
Responda
-
a. aspirin
-
b. cortisol
-
c. acetaminophen
-
d. ibuprofen
-
e. indomethacin
Questão 4
Questão
A patient has a history of significant cardiovascular impairment. The maximum safe dose of epinephrine that can be administered to this patient is:
Responda
-
a. 1 cc, 1: 50,000
-
b. 2 cc, 1: 50,000
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c. 1 cc, 1: 100,000
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d. 2 cc, 1: 100,000
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the following is the current drug of choice for status-epilepticus?
Responda
-
a. diazepam (Valium)
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b. phenytoin (Dilantin)
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c. chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
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d. carbamazepine (Tegretol)
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e. chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Questão 6
Questão
Which of the following is an example of an enteral route of administration?
Responda
-
a. oral
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b. submucosal
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c. inhalation
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d. subcutaneous
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e. intramuscular
Questão 7
Questão
Propranolol (Inderal) exerts its major antianginal effect by
Responda
-
a. dilating coronary arteries
-
b. dilating systemic blood vessels
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c. increasing cardiac contractility
-
d. stimulating vagal slowing of the heart
-
e. blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the heart
Questão 8
Questão
Bradycardia is MOST commonly treated with which of the following drugs?
Responda
-
a. atropine
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b. epinephrine
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c. a diuretic
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d. a potent vasodilator
Questão 9
Questão
Which of the following best explains why drugs that are highly ionized tend to be more rapidly excreted than those that are less ionized? The highly ionized are
Responda
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a. less lipid soluble
-
b. less water soluble
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c. more rapidly metabolized
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d. more extensively bound to tissue
Questão 10
Questão
Which of the following groups of drugs is CONTRAINDICATED for patients who have glaucoma?
Responda
-
a. adrenergic
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b. cholinergic
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c. anticholinergic
-
d. adrenergic blocking
Questão 11
Questão
Low dose aspirin therapy prevents the formation of thromboemboli by preferentially inhibiting which of the following?
Responda
-
a. phospholipase A2 in the blood vessel walls
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b. prostacyclin synthetase in the blood vessel walls
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c. thromboxane synthetase in the platelets
-
d. vitamin K in the liver
Questão 12
Questão
A patient who is receiving an IV diazepam sedation has upper eye-lid ptosis (Verill’s sign). The dentist should
Responda
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a. assist respiration immediately
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b. consider the patient to be adequately sedated
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c. place the patient in the Trendelenberg position
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d. administer one more increment of diazepam and proceed with the treatment
Questão 13
Questão
A dentist is considering the use of nitrous-oxide conscious sedation for a patient. However, this type of sedation will be CONTRAINDICATED, should the patient have a history of which of the following?
Responda
-
a. dental anxiety
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b. psychotic care
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c. controlled hypertension
Questão 14
Questão
The correct total liter flow of nitrous oxide- oxygen is determined by
Responda
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a. a standard 6 liter per minute flow
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b. the patient’s metabolic oxygen requirements
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c. the amount necessary to keep the reservoir bag 1/3 to 2/3 full
-
d. the largest volume that the patient can exchange within one minunte
Questão 15
Questão
Which of the following sympathomimetic agents is the most potent bronchodilator?
Responda
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a. amphetamine
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b. norepinephrine
-
c. phenylephrine
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d. isoproterenol
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e. methoxamine
Questão 16
Questão
Succinylcholine blocks neuromuscular transmission by
Responda
-
a. inhibiting cholinesterase
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b. inhibiting the central nervous system
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c. depolarizing the motor endplate of skeletal muscle
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d. inducing the formation of cholinesterase at the endplate
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e. blocking release of acetylcholine at the endplate
Questão 17
Questão
Which of the following effects are common to pentobarbital, diazepam, and meperidine?
Responda
-
a. anticonvulsant and hypnotic
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b. analgesia and relief of anxiety
-
c. sedation and ability to produce dependence
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d. amnesia and skeletal muscle relaxation
Questão 18
Questão
The onset of action of a drug is primarily determined by the rate of
Responda
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a. excretion
-
b. absorption
-
c. distribution
-
d. biotransformation
Questão 19
Questão
Injection of a local anesthetic into an inflamed area usually has a less than optimal result. Which of the following best explains why?
Responda
-
a. the prostaglandins stabilize the nerve membrane
-
b. inflammation reduces the availability of the free base
-
c. the drug will be absorbed more rapidly because of the increased blood supply
-
d. the chemical mediators of inflammation will present a chemical antagonism to the anesthetic
Questão 20
Questão
The major effect of a drug is produced by the amount of the drug that is
Responda
-
a. free in plasma
-
b. excreted by the kidney
-
c. detoxified in the liver
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d. bound to plasma protein
Questão 21
Questão
A 4 yr old child is shy, timid, and fearful. Which of the following will be MOST appropriate for the restorative appointments for this child?
Responda
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a. Naloxone
-
b. Nitrous oxide/oxygen
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c. Promethazine
-
d. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride (atarax) or hydroxyzine pamoate (Vistaril) in divided doses
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e. Meperidine (Demerol), promethazine (Phenergan) and chlorpromazine (Thorazine) combined
Questão 22
Questão
A primary advantage of intravenous sedation is which of the following?
Responda
-
a. fewer side effects from the sedation
-
b. slower biotransformation for prolonged action
-
c. the ability to titrate individualized dosage
-
d. a smooth and more gradual onset of sedation
Questão 23
Questão
Each of the following is true regarding drug biotransformation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Responda
-
a. the rate may differ significantly in various animal species
-
b. it primarily occurs in the liver microsomal enzyme system
-
c. it usually converts a drug to its lipid soluble, nonionized form
-
d. it generally involves alterations of the chemical structure of the drug
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following drugs causes the LEAST CNS depression and impairment of psychomotor skills?
Responda
-
a. diazepam
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b. buspirone
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c. alprazolam
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d. chloral hydrate
Questão 25
Questão
A patient who has which of the following conditions is most likely to have postoperative bleeding after multiple extractions?
Responda
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a. angina
-
b. diabetes
-
c. cirrhosis
-
d. rheumatic fever
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e. chronic bronchitis
Questão 26
Questão
Local anesthetics aid in reducing the flow of saliva during operative procedures by
Responda
-
a. blocking the cholinergic nerve endings
-
b. blocking innervation to major salivary glands
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c. blocking efferent parasympathetic nerve pathways
-
d. reducing sensitivity and anxiety during tooth preparation
Questão 27
Questão
Which of the following combinations of agents would be necessary to block the cardiovascular effects produced by the injection of a sympathomimetic drug?
Responda
-
a. atropine and prazosin
-
b. atropine and propranolol
-
c. prazosin and propranolol
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d. phenoxybenzamine and curare
-
e. amphetamine and propranolol
Questão 28
Questão
When compared therapeutically to penicillin G, penicillin V has a
Responda
-
a. slower renal excretion
-
b. more reliable oral absorption
-
c. broader antibacterial spectrum
-
d. greater resistance to penicillinase
-
e. lower potential for allergic reaction
Questão 29
Questão
Each of the following is a common side effect of prolonged tetracycline therapy EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Responda
-
a. diarrhea
-
b. superinfection
-
c. photosensitivity
-
d. visual disturbance
-
e. discoloration of newly forming teeth
Questão 30
Questão
To reduce a patient’s salivary flow, a dentist has prescribed atropine. As a result of this medication, the patient might experience which of the following side effects?
Responda
-
a. sedation
-
b. diarrhea
-
c. bradycardia
-
d. blurred vision
-
e. stomach cramping
Questão 31
Questão
Of the following local anesthetics, which has intrinsic vasoconstrictive actions?
Responda
-
a. cocaine
-
b. procaine
-
c. xylocaine
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d. bupivacaine
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following antibiotics is found at much higher concentrations in crevicular fluid than in serum?
Responda
-
a. clindamycin
-
b. penicillin
-
c. metronidazole
-
d. tetracycline
Questão 33
Questão
When administered as oral centrally acting analgesics, which of the following is considered to have the highest dependence liability?
Responda
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a. codeine
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b. oxycodone (in Percodan)
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c. propoxyphene (Darvon)
-
d. pentazocine (Talwin)
Questão 34
Questão
Antibiotics are useful in the treatment of which of the following?
Responda
-
a. herpangina
-
b. angina pectoris
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c. recurrent apthous stomatitis
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d. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Questão 35
Questão
Auditory nerve deafness is associated with the use of
Responda
-
a. polymixin B
-
b. chloramphenicol
-
c. amphotericin B
-
d. gentamycin
Questão 36
Questão
The maximal or ceiling effect of a drug is also correctly referred to as the drug’s
Responda
-
a. agonism
-
b. potency
-
c. efficacy
-
d. specificity
Questão 37
Questão
Which of the following agents found in tobacco products cause addiction?
Responda
-
a. tar
-
b. formaldehyde
-
c. nicotine
-
d. carbon monoxide
Questão 38
Questão
Allergic reactions to local anesthetics are caused by
Responda
-
a. rapid absorption
-
b. slow detoxification
-
c. an antigen-antibody reaction
-
d. improper administration technique
Questão 39
Questão
Which drug group is the LEAST likely to cause xerostomia?
Responda
-
a. opioids
-
b. antidepressants
-
c. antihistamines
-
d. benzodiazepines
-
e. anticholinergics
Questão 40
Questão
Currently, the BEST oral sedative drugs for dentistry fall into the class of
Responda
-
a. narcotics
-
b. barbiturates
-
c. phenothiazines
-
d. benzodiazepines
Questão 41
Questão
Which of the following best describes the drug-receptor activity of naloxone?
In Terms of: Affinity | Intrinsic | Activity
Responda
-
a. high high
-
b. low high
-
c. high none
-
d. none low
Questão 42
Questão
Which of the following types of chemical bonding is the least likely to be involved in a drug-receptor interaction?
Responda
-
a. covalent bonding
-
b. hydrogen bonding
-
c. dipole-dipole bonding
-
d. electrostatic bonding
-
e. van der Waal’s forces
Questão 43
Questão
After a threshold stimulus, the cell membrane becomes permanently altered. The liberation of which of the following transmitter substances causes this alteration?
Responda
-
a. acetylcholine
-
b. cholinesterase
-
c. hydroxycholine
-
d. acetylsalicylic acid
Questão 44
Questão
Which of the following compounds is used as an antiviral agent?
Responda
-
a. amantadine (Symmetrel)
-
b. novobiocin
-
c. miconazole (monistat)
-
d. amphotericin B
Questão 45
Questão
With an overdose of a cholinergic drug, one would expect to see each of the following signs EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Responda
-
a. sweating
-
b. urination
-
c. mydriasis
-
d. bradycardia
-
e. copious serous saliva
Questão 46
Questão
Cephalosporins are definitely CONTRAINDICATED for penicillinallergic patients who exhibit
Responda
-
a. immediate-type reactions
-
b. nausea and vomiting with erythromycin
-
c. any type of reaction to the penicillins
Questão 47
Questão
Which of the following is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent used for the treatment of hypertension?
Responda
-
a. prazosin (Minipress)
-
b. clonidine (Catapress)
-
c. atenolol (Tenormin)
-
d. hydralazine (Aprezoline)
-
e. verapamil (Calan)
Questão 48
Questão
In which of the following categories are ephedrine, tyramine, and amphetamine classified?
Responda
-
a. anticholinesterases
-
b. alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
-
c. indirect-acting sympathomimetics
-
d. direct-acting parasympathomimetics
Questão 49
Questão
Thiazides, which are used in the treatment of hypertension, may require supplemental administration of
Responda
-
a. sodium
-
b. chloride
-
c. calcium
-
d. potassium
Questão 50
Questão
Which of the following adverse reactions of oral contraceptives is the most common and the most serious?
Responda
-
a. hypotension
-
b. hepatotoxicity
-
c. uterine neoplasia
-
d. thromboembolic disorder
-
e. decreased resistance to infection
Questão 51
Questão
The supraspinal analgesic activity of morphine is mediated primarily through its influence upon which opioid receptor subtype?
Responda
-
a. mu
-
b. kappa
-
c. delta
-
d. sigma
-
e. epsilon
Questão 52
Questão
Which pair of anesthetics is most likely to show cross-allergenicity?
Responda
-
a. lidocaine-mepivacaine
-
b. prilocaine-tetracaine
-
c. procaine-mepivacaine
-
d. procaine-lidocaine
-
e. lidocaine-benzocaine
Questão 53
Questão
Thrombophlebitis, which occurs after intravenous administration of diazepam, is usually attributed to which of the following substances in the mixture?
Responda
-
a. benzoic acid
-
b. ethyl alcohol
-
c. propylene glycol
-
d. sodium metabisulfite
Questão 54
Questão
Each of the following is a pharmacologic effect of phenothiazines EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Responda
-
a. sedation
-
b. an antiemetic effect
-
c. alpha-adrenergic effect
-
d. potentiation of the action of narcotics
-
e. an anticonvulsant
Questão 55
Questão
Epinephrine antagonizes the effects of histamine by
Responda
-
a. preventing the release of histamine
-
b. acting on the central nervous system
-
c. producing physiologic actions opposite to that of histamine
-
d. competitively blocking histamine at the cellular receptor site
Questão 56
Questão
Which of the following represents the drug-of-choice in the treatment of candidiasis for an HIV-infected patient?
Responda
-
a. acyclovir
-
b. nystatin
-
c. AZT
-
d. chlorhexidine
Questão 57
Questão
A patient presents for treatment of a large fluctuant mass in the submandibular space as a result of extension of odontogenic infection. He has a temperature of 38.5 degrees C (101 degrees F). Initially, the dentist should treat this patient with which of the following?
Responda
-
a. salicylate therapy to reduce the temperature
-
b. alternate application of heat and cold to the area to improve circulation
-
c. incision and drainage and a culture for antibiotic sensitivity
-
d. antibiotic therapy to reduce the swelling and infection
Questão 58
Questão
The only local anesthetic that increases the pressor activity of both epinephrine and norepinephrine is
Responda
-
a. cocaine
-
b. procaine
-
c. dibucaine
-
d. lidocaine
-
e. mepivacaine
Questão 59
Questão
Corticosteroid therapy for arthritis is contraindicated for a patient who also has which of the following conditions?
Responda
-
a. anemia
-
b. nephritis
-
c. alcoholism
-
d. peptic ulcer
-
e. rheumatic heart disease
Questão 60
Questão
Which of the following is the first symptom that is usually perceived by the patient being administered nitrous oxide?
Responda
-
a. nausea
-
b. euphoria
-
c. giddiness
-
d. tingling of the hands
Questão 61
Questão
Each of the following, EXCEPT one, is a good reason for using sedation. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
Responda
-
a. to allay apprehension, anxiety or fear
-
b. to decrease the amount of local anesthesia that is required for a given procedure
-
c. to alleviate stress in a severely medically compromised patient
-
d. to accomplish certain procedures that a practitioner would not normally be able to do on an anxious patient
Questão 62
Questão
Which of the following is classified as an antianxiety drug?
Responda
-
a. methohexital
-
b. lorazepam
-
c. haloperidol
-
d. pentazocine
-
e. phenylpropanolamine
Questão 63
Questão
Alcohol abuse occurs when someone
Responda
-
a. drinks more than the legal limit of alcohol
-
b. experiences withdrawal symptoms when not drinking
-
c. gets seriously intoxicated on a regular basis
-
d. drinks enough that it puts their relationship, job, or health in jeopardy
Questão 64
Questão
For oral sedation in the dental setting, the most ideal group of agents is
Responda
-
a. narcotics
-
b. barbiturates
-
c. antihistamines
-
d. benzodiazepines
-
e. anticholinergics
Questão 65
Questão
In most cases, which of the following is the accepted dose schedule of penicillin in the treatment of actinomycosis of the jaw?
Responda
-
a. 250 mg. oral tablets q.i.d., 7 days
-
b. 500 mg. oral tablets q.i.d., 7 days
-
c. 600,000 units intramuscularly twice daily for two weeks followed by oral medication
-
d. 10 million units intravenously per day for 10-14 days followed by long-term oral medication
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