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Practice Exam 1

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Justin Miller
Quiz por Justin Miller, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Justin Miller
Criado por Justin Miller quase 9 anos atrás
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Questão 1

Questão
In synaptic integration, summation can take place between:
Responda
  • IPSPs and other IPSPs but temporal summation only
  • IPSPs and other IPSPs or EPSPs both temporal and spatial summation
  • EPSPs and other EPSPs but spatial summation only.
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 2

Questão
During plateau action potential:
Responda
  • the delayed rectifier channels are fully open
  • the inward rectifier channels are closed
  • the Ca2+ channels are open
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 3

Questão
About after-potentials of an action potential evoked following repetitive activity:
Responda
  • the after-depolarization is partly due to slowing down of K+ efflux
  • the after-hyperpolarization is partly due to excessive extrusion of Na+ by the pump.
  • the after-hyperpolarization is partly due to excessive efflux of K+
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 4

Questão
About transport within neuron: particles can be transported within the cytoplasm:
Responda
  • from the nerve terminals to the cell body and is called retrograde.
  • from the cell body to the nerve endings and is called orthodromic.
  • from the nerve terminals to the cell body and is called antidromic.
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 5

Questão
The Na+-K+ transporter:
Responda
  • pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in through their respective channels
  • creates an increase in the negativity of the RMP
  • is a form of secondary active transport
  • choices 1 and 3 are true
  • none of the above choices are true

Questão 6

Questão
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS):
Responda
  • lesions are more localized whereas those of multiple sclerosis (MS) are diffused
  • like MS, it demyelinate nerves only in the CNS
  • like MS, may lead to paralysis
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 7

Questão
The resting membrane potential of a nerve becomes:
Responda
  • less negative when Na+ concentration in extracellular fluid [Na]o is increased
  • less negative when [K+]o is increased
  • more negative when [Na+]o is increased
  • more negative when [Ca2+]o is increased
  • none of the above

Questão 8

Questão
If the K+ delayed rectifier channels are blocked by TEA then the nerve AP would:
Responda
  • look similar to the cardiac ventricular AP
  • look like a pacemaker AP
  • be blocked
  • look like a skeletal muscle AP
  • none of the above

Questão 9

Questão
The nerve action potential:
Responda
  • during its up-stroke the Na+/K+ permeability ratio is small
  • during its down-stroke (repolarization), the K+/Na+ permeability ratio is small
  • its upstroke is due to Na+ activation
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 10

Questão
The compound action potential:
Responda
  • cannot be recorded form a single squid giant axon
  • is not an all-or-none response
  • can be only be recorded in the PNS
  • choices 1 and 2.
  • choices 1, 2 and 3.

Questão 11

Questão
The resting membrane potential:
Responda
  • supplies “potential energy” for firing action potentials
  • can be calculated by using a modified Nernst equation
  • supplies needed energy for the Na-K pump
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1,2 and 3

Questão 12

Questão
Subthreshold depolarization of the axon membrane
Responda
  • remains the same size at each point along the axon membrane
  • produces a local response
  • decreases in size as it sweeps along the membrane
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 13

Questão
In a myelinated axon, at which point along the axon can ion enter and leave the membrane?
Responda
  • the membrane segment under the Schwann cell wrapping
  • the axon hillock
  • the node of Rnavier
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 14

Questão
Which of the following is an advantage of salutatory conduction?
Responda
  • faster conduction
  • less transmitter is required to send a message across the synapse
  • conservation of energy: i.e. less energy is expended by the membrane
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1 and 3

Questão 15

Questão
The essential event (s) for the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic membrane is:
Responda
  • the arrival of an EPSP at the axon terminal
  • influx of calcium ions into the axon terminal
  • influx of K ions into the axon terminal
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 16

Questão
Presynaptic inhibition
Responda
  • can be produced by chloride efflux at certain nerve terminals
  • it may involve AMPA receptors
  • longer lasting than postsynaptic inhibition
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1 and 3

Questão 17

Questão
Which of the following will produce an EPSP?
Responda
  • opening sodium channels
  • closing sodium channels
  • opening potassium channels
  • opening chloride channels
  • closing calcium channels

Questão 18

Questão
Which of the following is true
Responda
  • oligodendrocytes exist in the brain
  • Schwann cells provide myelin for peripheral nerve axons
  • a single Schwann cell wraps a single segment of a peripheral nerve
  • a single oligodendrocytes can mylinate up to 50 segments of axon membrane
  • all of the above are correct

Questão 19

Questão
_________ generate scar tissue which impedes regeneration of damaged axons
Responda
  • astrocytes
  • Schwann cells
  • axon terminals
  • oligodendrocytes
  • dendrites

Questão 20

Questão
Which of the following represents the normal order of activation in neuronal transmission?
Responda
  • axon∏ dendrites∏soma∏axon terminals
  • axon terminals ∏soma∏ axon∏ dendrites
  • dendrites∏soma∏ axon∏ axon terminals
  • soma∏ axon∏ dendrites∏axon terminals
  • dendrites∏ axon terminals∏ soma∏ axon

Questão 21

Questão
The ___________ is defined as the difference in electrical charge between the intracellular side and the extracellular side of an inactive nerve cell membrane.
Responda
  • local potential
  • EPSP
  • action potential
  • membrane potential
  • EPP

Questão 22

Questão
An electric stimulus applied to an axon that moves the membrane potential from –70 to –45 mV will result in:
Responda
  • local potential
  • EPSP
  • action potential
  • membrane potential
  • EPP

Questão 23

Questão
Match the correct synaptic event with each ion channel action:
Responda
  • entry of a negative ion-hyperpolarization
  • entry of a positive ion-hyperpolarization
  • exit of a positive ion-depolarization
  • exit of a negative ion-hyperpolarization
  • choices 1 and 3 are correct

Questão 24

Questão
Which of the following events contribute to the restoration of the membrane potential from the peak of action potential
Responda
  • closure of sodium channels
  • potassium ions move out of the cell
  • the sodium-potassium transporter
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 25

Questão
Regarding types of synaptic transmission: _______ is an example of ________
Responda
  • glutamate NMDA receptor-fast synaptic transmission
  • mACh receptor-fast synaptic transmission
  • serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-slow synaptic transmission
  • GABAa receptor-slow synaptic transmission
  • all of the above correct correct

Questão 26

Questão
Compared with types A and B fibers; type C fibers are:
Responda
  • unmyelinated
  • with the slowest speed of conducttion
  • sensitive to the action of local anesthetics
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 27

Questão
Sodium channels, K channels and Na-K pumps exist on all parts of:
Responda
  • myelinated nerve membrane
  • unmyelinated nerve membrane
  • muscle cell membrane
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 28

Questão
The process that blocks all postsynaptic potentials is:
Responda
  • blockade of the postsynaptic receptors.
  • inhibition of transmitter release.
  • degradation of the transmitter molecule by a native enzyme.
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 29

Questão
The “all-or-none law”:
Responda
  • does not apply to ventricular action potential
  • refers to the observation that an action potential is evoked whenever the membrane potential reaches threshold
  • does not apply to IPSP
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 30

Questão
Sodium ions:
Responda
  • Are involved directly in the production of action potential
  • cross the membrane through their specific channels during action potential by simple diffusion
  • responsible for formation of EPP
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 31

Questão
Which of the following will "neutralize" an EPSP?
Responda
  • further opening a sodium channel
  • allowing intracellular anions to leave the cell
  • closing a potassium channel
  • opening a chloride channel
  • choices 2 and 4.

Questão 32

Questão
Which of the following statements is correct?
Responda
  • CO2 and O2 are not lipid soluble substances.
  • Some drugs (e.g. endomethacin) stabilize lysosomal membrane, which may explain their anti- inflammatory action
  • specific Na+ channels are the same as acetylcholine channels.
  • Fast axonal transport is directly involved in conduction of impulses.
  • All of the above are incorrect.

Questão 33

Questão
Which of the following will produce an IPSP?
Responda
  • opening sodium channels only
  • opening chloride channels only
  • opening potassium channels only
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 34

Questão
The membranes that most commonly form synapses are the ______ and _______
Responda
  • motor nerve terminals ; skeletal muscle
  • axon terminals; dendrites
  • axon terminals; glial
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 35

Questão
About the reversal potential of a nerve:
Responda
  • different excitable tissues have different reversal potentials
  • it is the highest positive value the AP reaches
  • is also called the threshold
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 36

Questão
What type of refractory periods occurs during:
Responda
  • EPP- relative
  • EPSP-absolute
  • mEPP-realtive
  • mEPSP-absolute
  • none of the above is correct

Questão 37

Questão
The process which terminates the action of ACh at the neuromuscular junction is:
Responda
  • disruption of the postsynaptic receptor.
  • enzymatic degradation by ACh-esterases.
  • inhibition of ACh synthesis.
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1, 2 and 3

Questão 38

Questão
A drug that opens potassium channels of an axon and causes a 5 mV change in resting membrane potential (RMP):
Responda
  • that change is called depolarization
  • causes a 5 mV increase in the amplitude of evoked action potential
  • that change is called hyperpolarization
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 2 and 3

Questão 39

Questão
Conduction velocity of a nerve can be calculated if the following information is provided:
Responda
  • duration of action potentials (AP) and length of nerve
  • the latent period and length of nerve between electrodes
  • strength of the stimulus and length of nerve
  • the refractory periods and length of nerve
  • none of the above, more information is needed.

Questão 40

Questão
Which of the following statement(s) about compound action potential is/are False?
Responda
  • Compound action potential is seen when a single axon is stimulated
  • The first peak in a compound action potential belongs to A fiber type
  • A compound action potential is an all-or-none phenomenon
  • choices 1 and 2
  • choices 1 and 3

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