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Operating Systems

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Matthew Warner
Quiz por Matthew Warner, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Matthew Warner
Criado por Matthew Warner aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What are the 4 components of a computer system?
Responda
  • Hardware
  • Operating System
  • Kernel
  • Application Programs
  • ROM
  • User

Questão 2

Questão
An operating system is a resource allocator?
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
The bootstrap program is stored in [blank_start]ROM[blank_end]
Responda
  • ROM

Questão 4

Questão
The occurrence of an event is usually signalled by an [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] from either hardware or software.
Responda
  • interrupt

Questão 5

Questão
Main memory is typically implemented in semiconductor technology called variable random memory (VRAM).
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 6

Questão
Since EEPROM can not be changed it only stores static programs like bootstrap
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
A typical instruction-execution cycle for a Von Neumann Architecture is:
Responda
  • 1. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register. 2. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 3. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory
  • 1. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 2. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory 3. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register.

Questão 8

Questão
We would like programs and data to both reside in main memory. This is not possible for two reasons:
Responda
  • 1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
  • 1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a non-volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
  • 1. Using this approach would be to fast for the operating system to interpret and therefore would not be feasible 2. Programs are not written this way and would be way to difficult to change the way a computer works now.

Questão 9

Questão
What is the main requirement for secondary-storage?
Responda
  • The ability to hold large quantities of data permanently
  • The ability to use as little power as possible
  • The smaller the size the better
  • The faster the better

Questão 10

Questão
The most common secondary storage is a [blank_start]magnetic disk[blank_end] which provides storage for both programs and data.
Responda
  • magnetic disk
  • solid state drive
  • cloud drive
  • external disk
  • CD-ROM

Questão 11

Questão
The main difference among the various storage systems lie in:
Responda
  • speed
  • cost
  • size
  • volatility
  • power consumption

Questão 12

Questão
Volatile Storage loses its contents when power to the device is removed
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
What are the two types of Sold-State disks?
Responda
  • Solid-State disk stores data in large DRAM array during normal operation but also contains a hidden magnetic hard disk and a battery for backup-power
  • Solid-State disk is flash memory
  • Electromagnetic Varient Memory
  • Magnetic Allocation memory

Questão 14

Questão
A device controller must contain what?
Responda
  • some local buffer storage and a set of special-purpose registers
  • a device controller must house a single processor
  • must container at least one cache

Questão 15

Questão
How do we solve the problem of interrupt-driven I/O having high overhead when moving bulk data?
Responda
  • direct memory access (DMA)
  • device memory access (DMA)
  • process memory access (PMA)
  • local memory access (LMA)

Questão 16

Questão
What do single-processors not run?
Responda
  • kernel processes
  • user processes
  • I/O processes

Questão 17

Questão
[blank_start]Multiprocessor systems[blank_end] have two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory, and peripheral devices.
Responda
  • Multiprocessor systems
  • Singleprocessor systems
  • Complexprocessor systems
  • Dynamicprocessor systems

Questão 18

Questão
advantages of multiprocessor systems?
Responda
  • increased throughput
  • economy of scale
  • increased reliability
  • power reduction
  • size of unit

Questão 19

Questão
[blank_start]Graceful degradation[blank_end] is the ability to continue providing service proportional to the level of surviving hardware.
Responda
  • Graceful degradation
  • Steady wear
  • Graceful wear
  • Slow deterioration

Questão 20

Questão
Asymmetric multiprocessing is where each processor performs all tasks within the operating system.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Symmetric multiprocessing is where each processor is assigned a specific task
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
more multiprocessors increases computing power but if the CPU has an [blank_start]integrated memory[blank_end] controller then adding CPUs also increase the amount of memory addressable in the system
Responda
  • integrated memory
  • I/O
  • cache memory
  • processor

Questão 23

Questão
multiprocessing can cause a system to change its memory access model from [blank_start]uniform memory access (UMA)[blank_end] to [blank_start]non-uniform memory access (NUMA)[blank_end]
Responda
  • uniform memory access (UMA)
  • non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
  • non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
  • uniform memory access (UMA)

Questão 24

Questão
[blank_start]UMA[blank_end] is the situation in which access to RAM from any CPU takes [blank_start]the same[blank_end] time
Responda
  • UMA
  • NUMA
  • NUSM
  • UHM
  • the same
  • more
  • less

Questão 25

Questão
[blank_start]NUMA[blank_end] is some parts of memory may take [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to access than other parts
Responda
  • NUMA
  • UMA
  • SLT
  • UHG
  • longer
  • less time
  • the same time

Questão 26

Questão
multicore systems are multiprocessor systems, not all multiprocessor systems are multicore
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
[blank_start]blade servers[blank_end] are where each processor board boots independently and runs its own operating system
Responda
  • blade servers
  • dynamic servers
  • multiprocessors
  • multi servers

Questão 28

Questão
What is NVRAM?
Responda
  • DRAM with battery backup
  • RAM with volatile memory
  • ROM with non-volatile memory
  • DRAM with volatile and non-volatile memory

Questão 29

Questão
Another type of multiprocessor system is a clustered system?
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
clustered computers are defined as:
Responda
  • sharing storage
  • are closely linked via a local-area network or a faster interconnect
  • share resources
  • share processing power

Questão 31

Questão
clustering is usually used to provide [blank_start]high-availability service[blank_end]
Responda
  • high-availability service
  • faster processing
  • higher security
  • multithreading

Questão 32

Questão
why is clustering used?
Responda
  • service will continue even if one or more systems in the cluster fail
  • higher processing used by having more than one processor work on a job
  • a boss processor will switch in and out jobs so there is no idle processors no matter what

Questão 33

Questão
What are the components of clustered systems?
Responda
  • gathers together multiple CPUs
  • are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together
  • multiple operating systems run on the same board
  • each processor runs its own operating system

Questão 34

Questão
clustered systems are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together. This is called loosely coupled
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
clustering can be structured asymmetrically or symmetrically
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
in asymmetric clustering one machine is in [blank_start]hot-standby[blank_end] while the other is running the applications
Responda
  • hot-standby

Questão 37

Questão
what is the hot-standby host function?
Responda
  • the host machine does nothing but monitor the active server
  • the host machine allocates jobs to other servers

Questão 38

Questão
what does an asymmetric hot-standby host machine do if the server fails?
Responda
  • the hot-standby host becomes the active server
  • the hot-standby host reallocates the jobs to other servers
  • the hot-standby host cancels all jobs for that server and notifies all other servers of its failure

Questão 39

Questão
symmetric clustering is when two or more hosts are running applications and are monitoring each other
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
symmetric clustering is more efficient?
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
why is symmetric clustering more efficient?
Responda
  • is uses all of the available hardware
  • it talks between each processor more efficiently

Questão 42

Questão
what are the component(s) of cluster parallelization?
Responda
  • parallelization divides a program into separate components that run in parallel on individual computers in the cluster
  • these applications are designed so that once each computing node in the cluster has solved its portion of the problem, the results from all the nodes are combined into a final solution
  • parallelization concurrently divides jobs between nodes

Questão 43

Questão
to provide shared access, the system must also supply access control and locking to ensure that no conflicting operations occur. this is known as [blank_start]distributed lock manager (DLM)[blank_end]
Responda
  • distributed lock manager (DLM)
  • eye lock manager (ELM)
  • protected access manager (PAM)
  • distributed access manager (DAM)

Questão 44

Questão
improvements to clustering are made possible by [blank_start]storage-area networks (SANs)[blank_end]
Responda
  • storage-area networks (SANs)
  • dynamic-area networks (DANs)
  • symmetric-area networks (SANs)

Questão 45

Questão
the advantage(s) of storage-area networks (SANs)
Responda
  • allows many systems to attach to a pool of storage
  • if the applications and their data are stored on the SAN, then the cluster software can assign the application to run on any host that is attached to the SAN
  • allows concurrent processing through allocation of storage
  • symmetric processing is possible through sharing of processing of programs

Questão 46

Questão
beowulf clusters are designed to solve high-performance computing tasks
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
beowulf computing nodes typically run Linux operating systems
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 48

Questão
why is beowulf clusters a low cost strategy for building a high-performance computing cluster?
Responda
  • uses open-source software
  • uses less power
  • less processors are needed

Questão 49

Questão
beowulf clusters nodes use a set of [blank_start]open-source[blank_end] software libraries to communicate with one another
Responda
  • open-source

Questão 50

Questão
[blank_start]multiprogramming[blank_end] increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute
Responda
  • multiprogramming

Questão 51

Questão
the main idea(s) behind multiprogramming?
Responda
  • the jobs are prioritized so that the most important jobs are done first
  • the program uses all available processors to run the program concurrently
  • as long as at least one job needs to execute the CPU is never idle

Questão 52

Questão
what does time sharing require?
Responda
  • an interactive computer system
  • a dynamic computer system
  • a static computer system
  • a clustered computer system
  • a GUI computer system

Questão 53

Questão
a time-shared operating system allows many users to share the computer simultaneously
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 54

Questão
how do we achieve the goal of reasonable time from time-sharing?
Responda
  • we use swapping or virtual memory
  • multithreading
  • concurrent processing
  • we use a method called logical memory

Questão 55

Questão
what is virtual memory?
Responda
  • it abstracts main memory into a large, uniform array of storage separating logical memory as viewed by the user from physical memory
  • memory is run in the cloud
  • memory is constantly switched out between the main memory and cache to give the allusion of memory space larger than it actually is

Questão 56

Questão
modern systems are [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] driven
Responda
  • interrupt

Questão 57

Questão
[blank_start]mode[blank_end] bit is added to the hardware of the computer to indicate the current mode - kernel (0) - user (1)
Responda
  • mode

Questão 58

Questão
what is the function of dual mode?
Responda
  • it provides the operating system the means of protecting it from errant users and errant users from one another
  • the operating systems is protected from hackers that are trying to gain remote access
  • it protects your files from errant users

Questão 59

Questão
[blank_start]virtual machine manager (VMM)[blank_end] has more privileges than the user processes but fewer than the kernel
Responda
  • virtual machine manager (VMM)
  • dynamic machine manager (DMM)
  • file machine manager (FMM)
  • force quite manager (FQM)
  • processor machine manager (PMM)

Questão 60

Questão
a timers period may be [blank_start]fixed[blank_end] or [blank_start]variable[blank_end]
Responda
  • fixed
  • variable

Questão 61

Questão
variable timer is generally implemented by a fixed-rate clock and counter
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 62

Questão
why do we use timers?
Responda
  • we can use timers to prevent a user program from running too long
  • to calculate the time efficiency of a program
  • to display the time of a files last update

Questão 63

Questão
a program is a [blank_start]passive[blank_end] entity, like the contents of a file stored on disk, whereas a process is an [blank_start]active[blank_end] entity
Responda
  • passive
  • active

Questão 64

Questão
a single-threaded process has one [blank_start]program counter[blank_end] specifying the next instruction to execute
Responda
  • program counter

Questão 65

Questão
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management:
Responda
  • scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs
  • creating and deleting both user and system processes
  • suspending and resuming processes
  • providing mechanisms for process synchronization
  • providing mechanisms for process communication

Questão 66

Questão
for a program to be executed it must be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded into memory
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 67

Questão
when selecting the memory-management scheme you must take into account many factors but especially the [blank_start]hardware[blank_end] design of the system
Responda
  • hardware

Questão 68

Questão
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:
Responda
  • keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and who is using them
  • deciding which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move into and out of memory
  • allocating and deallocating memory space as needed
  • allocating and deallocating processes to complete jobs

Questão 69

Questão
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the file management:
Responda
  • creating and deleting files
  • creating and deleting directories to organize files
  • supporting primitives for manipulating files and directories
  • mapping files onto secondary storage
  • backing up files on stable (nonvolatile) storage media
  • communicating between the clouds file system and the local file system on your computer

Questão 70

Questão
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the disk management:
Responda
  • free-space management
  • storage allocation
  • disk scheduling

Questão 71

Questão
the entire speed of operation of a computer may hinge on the speeds of the disk subsystem and the algorithms that manipulate that subsystem
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 72

Questão
when we need a particular piece of information, we first check wether it is in the cache which of the following is true if any of the above statement?
Responda
  • if it is, we use the information directly from the cache
  • if it is not, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon
  • if it is not, we use the information directly from the cache
  • if it is, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon

Questão 73

Questão
with multiprocessors each has its own local cache so when the value of something changes you must make sure that value is changed computer wide. this is called [blank_start]cache coherency[blank_end]
Responda
  • cache coherency

Questão 74

Questão
I/O subsystems consists of several component(s):
Responda
  • a memory-manamgment component that includes buffering, caching, and spooling
  • a general device-driver interface
  • drivers for specific hardware devices

Questão 75

Questão
most operating systems maintain a lot of user names and associated [blank_start]user identifiers[blank_end]
Responda
  • user identifiers

Questão 76

Questão
in a [blank_start]singly linked list[blank_end], each item points to its successor
Responda
  • singly linked list
  • doubly linked list
  • circularly linked list

Questão 77

Questão
in a [blank_start]doubly linked list[blank_end], a given item can refer either to its predecessor or to its successor
Responda
  • doubly linked list
  • singly linked list
  • circularly linked list

Questão 78

Questão
in a [blank_start]circularly linked list[blank_end], the last element in the list refers to the first element, rather than to null
Responda
  • circularly linked list
  • singly linked list
  • doubly linked list

Questão 79

Questão
[blank_start]general[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have an unlimited number of children
Responda
  • general

Questão 80

Questão
[blank_start]binary[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have at most two children, which we term left child and the right child
Responda
  • binary

Questão 81

Questão
[blank_start]binary search[blank_end] tree, additionally requires an ordering between the parents two children in which left_child <= right_child
Responda
  • binary search

Questão 82

Questão
[blank_start]balanced binary search[blank_end] tree is when a tree containing n items as at most log(n) levels
Responda
  • balanced binary search

Questão 83

Questão
[blank_start]hash function[blank_end] takes data as input, performs a numeric operation on this data, and returns a numeric value
Responda
  • hash function

Questão 84

Questão
what is it called when two hash function have the same output
Responda
  • hash collision
  • hash interrupt
  • hash contact
  • hash dilapidation

Questão 85

Questão
in the event of a hash collision what method do we employ
Responda
  • we use a linked list at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
  • we use a array at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
  • we use a stack at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value

Questão 86

Questão
[blank_start]hash map[blank_end] associates pairs using a hash function
Responda
  • hash map

Questão 87

Questão
[blank_start]bitmap[blank_end] is a string of n binary digits that can be used to represent the status of n items
Responda
  • bitmap

Questão 88

Questão
when are bitmaps commonly used?
Responda
  • when there is a need to represent the availability of a large number of resources
  • when there is a need to represent the large number of processes
  • when there is a need to represent the large number of jobs

Questão 89

Questão
[blank_start]distributed systems[blank_end] is a collection of physically separate, possibly heterogeneous computer systems that are networked to provide users with access to the various resources that the system maintains
Responda
  • distributed systems

Questão 90

Questão
[blank_start]network[blank_end] is a communication path between two or more systems
Responda
  • network

Questão 91

Questão
what do distributed systems depend on for their functionality?
Responda
  • networking
  • GUI
  • multicore systems
  • multiprogramming

Questão 92

Questão
[blank_start]TCP/IP[blank_end] is the most common network protocol, and it provides the fundamental architecture of the Internet
Responda
  • TCP/IP

Questão 93

Questão
[blank_start]local-area network (LAN)[blank_end] connects computers within a room, a building or a campus
Responda
  • local-area network (LAN)
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • personal-area network (PAN)

Questão 94

Questão
[blank_start]wide-area network (WAN)[blank_end] usually links buildings, cities or countries
Responda
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • local-area network (LAN)
  • personal-area network (PAN)

Questão 95

Questão
[blank_start]personal-area network (PAN)[blank_end] connects a phone to a headset or a smartphone and a desktop computer
Responda
  • personal-area network (PAN)
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • local-area network (LAN)

Questão 96

Questão
[blank_start]network operating system[blank_end] is an operating system that provides features such as file sharing across the network, along with communication scheme that allows different processes on different computers to exchange messages
Responda
  • network operating system

Questão 97

Questão
many of todays systems act as [blank_start]server systems[blank_end] to satisfy requests generated by [blank_start]client systems[blank_end]
Responda
  • server systems
  • client systems

Questão 98

Questão
the function of a computer-server system:
Responda
  • provides an interface to which client can send a request to perform an action. in response the server executes the action and sends the results to the client
  • provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files

Questão 99

Questão
[blank_start]file-server system[blank_end] provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files
Responda
  • file-server system

Questão 100

Questão
an example of a computer-server system:
Responda
  • server running a database
  • server running a web browser

Questão 101

Questão
an example of a file-server system:
Responda
  • server running a database
  • server running a web browser

Questão 102

Questão
[blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] computing clients and servers are not distinguished from one another
Responda
  • peer-to-peer

Questão 103

Questão
in a [blank_start]client-server[blank_end] system, the server is a bottleneck; but in a [blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] system, services can be provided by several nodes distributed throughout the network
Responda
  • client-server
  • peer-to-peer

Questão 104

Questão
deeming what services are available is accomplished in one of two general ways: - when a node joins a network, it registers its services with a centralized lookup service on the network, Any node desiring a specific service first contacts this centralized lookup service to determine which node provides the service. the remainder of the communication takes place between the client and the service provider - An alternative scheme uses no centralized lookup service. Instead, a peer acting as a client must discover what node provides a desired service by broadcasting a request for the service to all other nodes in the network. the node (or nodes) providing that service responds to the peer making the request. To support this approach, a discovery protocol must be provided that allows peers to discover services provided by other peers in the network
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 105

Questão
[blank_start]emulation[blank_end] is used when the source CPU type is different from the target CPU type
Responda
  • emulation

Questão 106

Questão
process of emulation: every machine-level instruction that runs natively on the source system must be translated to the equivalent function on the target system
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 107

Questão
[blank_start]interpretation[blank_end] is a form of emulation in that the high-level language code is translated to native CPU instructions, emulating not another CPU but a theoretical virtual machine on which that language could run natively
Responda
  • interpretation

Questão 108

Questão
[blank_start]virtualization[blank_end] is an operating system that is natively compiled for a particular CPU architecture runs within another operating system also native to that CPU
Responda
  • virtualization

Questão 109

Questão
cloud computing is a type of computing that delivers computing, storage, and even applications as a service across a network
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 110

Questão
which is not a type of cloud computing
Responda
  • public cloud
  • private cloud
  • hybrid cloud
  • dynamic cloud

Questão 111

Questão
a [blank_start]public cloud[blank_end] is a cloud available vie the internet to anyone willing to pay for the services
Responda
  • public cloud

Questão 112

Questão
a [blank_start]private cloud[blank_end] is a cloud run by a company for that company's own use
Responda
  • private cloud

Questão 113

Questão
a [blank_start]hybrid cloud[blank_end] is a cloud that includes both public and private cloud components
Responda
  • hybrid cloud

Questão 114

Questão
[blank_start]Software as a service (SaaS)[blank_end] is one or more applications (such as word processors or spreadsheets) available via internet
Responda
  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
  • Program as a service (PaaS)

Questão 115

Questão
______________ is a software stack ready for application use via internet
Responda
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Questão 116

Questão
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is one or more applications available via internet
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 117

Questão
embedded systems almost always run [blank_start]real-time[blank_end] operating systems
Responda
  • real-time

Questão 118

Questão
when do we use real-time systems?
Responda
  • when rigid time requirements have been placed on the operation or processor or the flow of data
  • when we need to run a process concurrently in the system
  • when we are running a blade-server system we want to use a real-time system

Questão 119

Questão
The types of user interfaces are: - command-line interface (CLI) - batch interface - graphical user interface (GUI)
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 120

Questão
for efficiency and protection, users usually can control I/O
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 121

Questão
[blank_start]shared memory[blank_end] is when two or more processes read and write to a shared section of memory
Responda
  • shared memory

Questão 122

Questão
[blank_start]message passing[blank_end] is packets of information in predefined formats are moved between processes by the operating system
Responda
  • message passing

Questão 123

Questão
when several separate processes execute concurrently, it should be possible for one process to interfere with the others or with the operating system itself
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 124

Questão
the [blank_start]api[blank_end] specifies a set of functions that are available to an application programmer, including the parameters that are passed to each function and return values the program can expect
Responda
  • api

Questão 125

Questão
system-call interface serves as the link to system calls made available by the operating system
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 126

Questão
what are the method(s) used to pass parameters to the operating system?
Responda
  • pass the parameters in registers
  • parameters are generally stored in a block, or table, in memory, and the address of the block is passed as a parameter in a register
  • parameters also can be placed, or pushed, onto the stack by the program and popped off the stack by the operating system

Questão 127

Questão
[blank_start]debugger[blank_end] is a system program designed to aid the programmer in finding and correcting errors
Responda
  • debugger

Questão 128

Questão
what are the major categories of system calls?
Responda
  • process control
  • file management
  • device management
  • information maintenance
  • communications
  • cloud communication
  • network calls

Questão 129

Questão
what is part of the message-passing model?
Responda
  • communicating processes exchange messages with one another to transfer information
  • each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
  • each process has a process name
  • most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons
  • the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating system control
  • the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously

Questão 130

Questão
what is part of the shared-memory model?
Responda
  • shared memory requires that two or more processes agree to remove the restriction that one process cannot access another processes memory
  • the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating systems control
  • the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously
  • each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
  • most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons

Questão 131

Questão
what are the system utilities categories?
Responda
  • file management
  • status information
  • file modification
  • programming-language support
  • programming loading and execution
  • communications
  • background services
  • application programs

Questão 132

Questão
operating system requirements are divided into two basic groups: [blank_start]user goals[blank_end] and [blank_start]system goals[blank_end]
Responda
  • user goals
  • system goals

Questão 133

Questão
[blank_start]mechanisms[blank_end] are how to do something and [blank_start]policies[blank_end] are what will be done
Responda
  • mechanisms
  • policies

Questão 134

Questão
the advantage to writing in high level languages is that it is faster and lowers storage requirements
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 135

Questão
the main advantage to the layered approach when making an O.S. is
Responda
  • simplicity of construction and debugging
  • debugging and less time
  • less time and less cost

Questão 136

Questão
The main function of the microkernel is to provide communication between the client program and various services in the user space. Communication is provided through message passing
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 137

Questão
what is one benefit of the microkernel?
Responda
  • it makes extending the operating system easier. it also provides more security and reliability.
  • the performance of microkernels overhead is extremely small

Questão 138

Questão
what is the loadable kernel modules?
Responda
  • the kernel has a set of core components, and links to additional services via modules, either at boot time or during run time
  • remove all nonessential components from the kernel and implement them as system and user level programs

Questão 139

Questão
the best methodology to OS design is using loadable kernel modules
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 140

Questão
how is Mac OSX a hybrid system?
Responda
  • the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is MACH and BSD UNIX kernel
  • the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is cocoa api

Questão 141

Questão
a failure in the kernel is called a crash and information about it is saved in a [blank_start]crash dump[blank_end]
Responda
  • crash dump

Questão 142

Questão
the operating can take a [blank_start]core dump[blank_end], a capture of the memory of the process, to be stored for later analysis
Responda
  • core dump

Questão 143

Questão
the operating system produces [blank_start]trace listings[blank_end] of system behaviour to try to find bottle necks
Responda
  • trace listings

Questão 144

Questão
[blank_start]Profiling[blank_end] periodically samples the instruction pointer to determine which code is being executed. It can show stat trends but not individual activity.
Responda
  • Profiling

Questão 145

Questão
an OS must be generated for each specific computer site, a process known as [blank_start]system generation (SYSGEN)[blank_end]
Responda
  • system generation (SYSGEN)
  • operating system generation (OSYSGEN)
  • kernel generation (KG)
  • kernel and user generation (KUG)

Questão 146

Questão
The SYSGEN is on the disk or ISO of the OS and it queries the user on hardware information such as:
Responda
  • What CPU is used? What options are installed?
  • How will the boot disk be formatted? How many partitions are there?
  • How much memory is available?
  • What devices are available?
  • What operating system options are desired?

Questão 147

Questão
after the OS is generated, it must be loaded into the kernel using a [blank_start]bootstrap loader[blank_end]. This program is placed in ROM.
Responda
  • bootstrap loader

Questão 148

Questão
a bootstrap can also run diagnostics on a system to ensure it is properly working before booting
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 149

Questão
a [blank_start]batch[blank_end] system executes jobs, whereas a [blank_start]time-shared[blank_end] system has user programs, or tasks
Responda
  • batch
  • time-shared

Questão 150

Questão
a [blank_start]process[blank_end] is more than the program code, which is sometimes known as the [blank_start]text section[blank_end]. It also includes the current activity, represented by the [blank_start]program counter[blank_end]
Responda
  • process
  • text section
  • program counter
  • text section
  • process
  • program counter
  • program counter
  • process
  • text section

Questão 151

Questão
what does the process stack generally contain?
Responda
  • contains temporary data. as well as a data section
  • contains temporary data. as well as a process section
  • contains program counter as well as a data section

Questão 152

Questão
what can a process also include? and what is its function?
Responda
  • heap - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
  • hash - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
  • hash - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time
  • heap - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time

Questão 153

Questão
the program itself is not a process. A program is a ___________
Responda
  • passive entity
  • static entity
  • dynamic entity
  • active entity

Questão 154

Questão
a process is a(n) __________________
Responda
  • active entity
  • passive entity
  • dynamic entity
  • static entity

Questão 155

Questão
a program becomes a process when it is loaded into memory
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 156

Questão
select the common ways of executing a program:
Responda
  • double click an icon representing the executable file
  • entering the name of the executable file on the command line
  • using the program counter
  • using a system call to start a program
  • using the command startx

Questão 157

Questão
although two processes can be related to the same program, they are not considered two separate execution sequences
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 158

Questão
a process itself can be an execution environment for other code
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 159

Questão
as a program executes, it changes [blank_start]state[blank_end]. The [blank_start]state[blank_end] of a process is defined in part by the current activity of the process
Responda
  • state
  • state

Questão 160

Questão
what are not common states or a process?
Responda
  • new
  • running
  • waiting
  • ready
  • terminated
  • halted
  • overhaul

Questão 161

Questão
it is important to know that only [blank_start]one[blank_end] process can be running at a time, while [blank_start]many[blank_end] can be ready or waiting
Responda
  • one
  • many

Questão 162

Questão
each process is represented in the operating system by a [blank_start]process control block (PCB)[blank_end] also called the control block.
Responda
  • process control block (PCB)
  • heap control block (HCB)
  • process counter control block (PCCB)
  • accounting control block (ACB)

Questão 163

Questão
which is not part of the process control block?
Responda
  • process state
  • program counter
  • cpu registers
  • cpu-scheduling information
  • memory-manamgent information
  • accounting information
  • I/O status information
  • program heap

Questão 164

Questão
[blank_start]Process State[blank_end] - the state may be new, running, halted, ect.
Responda
  • Process State
  • Program counter
  • CPU registers
  • CPU-scheduling information
  • Memory-management information
  • Accounting information
  • I/O status information

Questão 165

Questão
[blank_start]Program counter[blank_end] - the counter indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process
Responda
  • Program counter
  • Process sate
  • CPU registers
  • CPU-scheduling information
  • Memory-management information
  • Accounting information
  • I/O status information

Questão 166

Questão
[blank_start]CPU registers[blank_end] - the registers vary in number and type, depending on the computer architecture. They include accumulators, index registers, stack pointers, and general purpose registers, as well as condition code information. All this information must be saved when an interrupt occurs.
Responda
  • CPU registers
  • Process registers
  • Heap registers

Questão 167

Questão
______________ - this information includes a process priority, pointers to scheduling queues, and any other scheduling parameters
Responda
  • CPU-scheduling
  • Process-scheduling

Questão 168

Questão
[blank_start]memory[blank_end]-management information - This information may include such items as the value of the base and limit registers and the page tables, or the segment tables, depending on the memory system used by the operating system.
Responda
  • memory

Questão 169

Questão
[blank_start]accounting[blank_end] information - This information includes the amount of CPU and real time used, time limits, account numbers, job process numbers, and so on
Responda
  • accounting

Questão 170

Questão
I/O [blank_start]status[blank_end] information - This information includes the list of I/O devices allocated to the process, a list of open files, and so on
Responda
  • status

Questão 171

Questão
a process is a program that performs a single [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution. Many systems now have upgraded this to allow a program to run multiple [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution.
Responda
  • thread
  • thread

Questão 172

Questão
On a system that supports threads, the [blank_start]PCB[blank_end] is extended to include the information for each thread.
Responda
  • PCB
  • ACB
  • GPD
  • PCCB

Questão 173

Questão
we want to have processes running at all times to maximize CPU utilization
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 174

Questão
what is the objective of time sharing?
Responda
  • is to switch the CPU among processes so frequently that users can interact with each program while it is running
  • is to switch the CPU among processes so that each process gets equal time to compute its job

Questão 175

Questão
to meet the objective of time sharing, the [blank_start]process scheduler[blank_end] selects an available process for the program execution on the CPU
Responda
  • process scheduler

Questão 176

Questão
on single cores, only one process can run at a time
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 177

Questão
as a process enters a system, it is put into a [blank_start]job queue[blank_end], which consists of all processes in the system
Responda
  • job queue
  • process stack
  • job linked list
  • process linked list

Questão 178

Questão
the processes that are residing in main memory and are ready and waiting to execute are kept on a list called the [blank_start]ready queue[blank_end].
Responda
  • ready queue

Questão 179

Questão
a new process is put on the ready queue until it is selected for execution or [blank_start]dispatched[blank_end]
Responda
  • dispatched

Questão 180

Questão
Once a process gets the CPU, one of several events may occur:
Responda
  • The process could issue an I/O request and be put on an I/O queue
  • The process could create a new child process and wait for the child's termination
  • The process could be forcibly removed from the CPU, as a result of an interrupt and put back in the ready queue

Questão 181

Questão
the operating system must select processes from the queues using an appropriate [blank_start]scheduler[blank_end]
Responda
  • scheduler

Questão 182

Questão
The [blank_start]long-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]job scheduler[blank_end] selects processes from the batch pool and loads them into memory for execution
Responda
  • long-term scheduler
  • short-term scheduler
  • job scheduler
  • CPU scheduler

Questão 183

Questão
The [blank_start]shot-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]CPU scheduler[blank_end] selects from among the processes that are ready for execution and allocates the CPU to one of them
Responda
  • shot-term scheduler
  • long-term scheduler
  • CPU scheduler
  • job scheduler

Questão 184

Questão
The short term scheduler must select a new process for the CPU frequently
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 185

Questão
The long term scheduler controls the degree of multiprogramming (the number of processes in memory)
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 186

Questão
when is the degree of multiprogramming stable?
Responda
  • the average number of process creation is equal to the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is less than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is two times more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system

Questão 187

Questão
An I/O bound process generates I/O requests infrequently, spending more time doing computations and a CPU bound process is one that spends most of its time doing I/O rather than computations.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 188

Questão
some systems such as time sharing systems may introduce [blank_start]medium[blank_end]-term schedulers. The idea is that sometimes it is advantageous to remove a process from memory to reduce the degree of multiprogramming. Later the process can be reintroduced to memory and start off where they left off, in a process called [blank_start]swapping[blank_end].
Responda
  • medium
  • swapping

Questão 189

Questão
when an interrupt occurs, the system needs to save the current [blank_start]context[blank_end] of the process running on the CPU so that it can restore that context when processing is done
Responda
  • context

Questão 190

Questão
Gernerally, we perform a [blank_start]state save[blank_end] of the current state of the CPU, be it in kernel mode or user mode, then use a [blank_start]state restore[blank_end] to resume operation
Responda
  • state save
  • state restore
  • state copy
  • state restore
  • state save
  • state copy
  • state resume

Questão 191

Questão
the process of completing a state save and state restore is known as a [blank_start]context switch[blank_end]
Responda
  • context switch
  • context swap
  • context flip

Questão 192

Questão
the [blank_start]kthread[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for creating additional processes that perform tasks on behalf of the kernel
Responda
  • kthread

Questão 193

Questão
the [blank_start]sshd[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for the managing clients that connect to a system using ssh
Responda
  • sshd

Questão 194

Questão
the [blank_start]login[blank_end] process is also a child of init and it is used to manage clients that directly log onto the system
Responda
  • login

Questão 195

Questão
When a process creates a new process. Which are possible for execution:
Responda
  • the parent continues to execute concurrently with the children
  • the parent waits until some or all of its children have terminated

Questão 196

Questão
with a new process what could happen with address space?
Responda
  • the children process is duplicate of the parent process (it has the same program and data as the parent)
  • the child process has a new program loaded into it

Questão 197

Questão
A parent may terminate the execution of one of its children for a variety of different reasons, such as:
Responda
  • The child has exceeded its usage of some of the resources that it has been allocated
  • The task assigned to the child is no longer required
  • The parent is existing, and the operating system does not allow a child to continue if its parent terminates

Questão 198

Questão
[blank_start]Cascading termination[blank_end] is when a parent is terminated, and all of its children are terminated as well
Responda
  • Cascading termination
  • Family termination
  • Mass termination

Questão 199

Questão
A process that is terminated, but whose parents do not call wait is called a [blank_start]zombie[blank_end] process. All processes transition to this state briefly but are often resolved once wait() is called by the parent
Responda
  • zombie

Questão 200

Questão
If a parent terminates before a child, it can not call wait(), so the child process becomes and [blank_start]orphan[blank_end]. Linux and Unix solve this problem by assigning [blank_start]init[blank_end] to be the new parent of a child process whose parent prematurely terminates.
Responda
  • orphan
  • init

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