3736176
Questão 1
Questão
The name of the key cell in the brain that eventually gives rise to it's complexity and ability to regulate behaviour is the [blank_start]neuron[blank_end]
Responda
-
neuron
Questão 2
Questão
The neuron also has a supporting cast of cells, the [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells
Responda
-
glial
Questão 3
Questão
The approximate number of neurons in the NEOCORTEX alone is
Responda
-
10 billion
-
100,000
-
100 million
-
200 million
-
20 billion
Questão 4
Questão
Glial cells potentially play a role in facilitating neural transmission.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
Brain cells responsible for nutritional and scavenger functions
Responda
-
Glial
-
Neurons
-
Mitochondria
Questão 6
Questão
Another major type of [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells are oligodendroglia, which also form [blank_start]myelin[blank_end], the white fatty substance of [blank_start]axonal[blank_end] sheaths.
Responda
-
glial
-
myelin
-
axonal
Questão 7
Questão
There are more neurons in the brain than glial cells.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 8
Questão
At the tips of an axon are [blank_start]synaptic vesicles[blank_end] that produce and house neurotransmitters.
Responda
-
synaptic vesicles
Questão 9
Questão
[blank_start]Long term potentiation[blank_end] - an increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by high-frequency activity of that input.
Responda
-
Long term potentiation
Questão 10
Questão
Programmed cell death is called [blank_start]apoptosis[blank_end].
Responda
-
apoptosis
Questão 11
Questão
The hindbrain ([blank_start]pons[blank_end], [blank_start]medulla[blank_end] and [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end]), the midbrain, and the forebrain (divided into the telencephalon and [blank_start]diencephalon[blank_end])
Responda
-
pons
-
medulla
-
cerebellum
-
diencephalon
Questão 12
Questão
Division of the brain shown here are are [blank_start]axial[blank_end], [blank_start]sagittal[blank_end] and [blank_start]coronal[blank_end] respectively
Responda
-
axial
-
coronal
-
sagittal
Questão 13
Questão
Within the brain are four fluid filled chambers, or [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end], through which [blank_start]cerebrospinal[blank_end] fluid flows.
Responda
-
ventricles
-
cerebrospinal
Questão 14
Questão
Cerebrospinal fluid also flows through the [blank_start]subarachnoid[blank_end] space
Responda
-
subarachnoid
Questão 15
Questão
The amygdala is located in front of the tip of the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] horn of the lateral ventricle and the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is located along the floor of the temporal horn
Responda
-
temporal
-
hippocampus
Questão 16
Questão
Cerebrospinal fluid in produced within the [blank_start]choroid plexi[blank_end]
Responda
-
choroid plexi
Questão 17
Questão
In disorders that involve brain degeneration the ventricle enlarge in size to fill the void
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 18
Questão
How blood flow responds to the brain as is engages a particular function is the basis of [blank_start]fMRI[blank_end]
Responda
-
fMRI
Questão 19
Questão
The [blank_start]medulla oblongata[blank_end] is the lowest section of the brainstem.
Responda
-
medulla oblongata
Questão 20
Questão
The hindbrain is the sight which (select ALL correct) functions.
Responda
-
heartbeat
-
respiratory function
-
control of blood pressure
-
visuospatial skills
Questão 21
Questão
Running through the centre of the brainstem and up towards the forebrain structures from the spinal cord is the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] formation. Lesions to this structure are often related to sleep disturbance, coma and alertness.
Responda
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reticular
Questão 22
Responda
-
pons
-
Cerebellum
-
medulla oblongata
Questão 23
Questão
The cerebellum (also) has a number of NON-motor functions, and cerebellar lesions are known to affect abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, attention, speed of information processing and emotional modulation.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 24
Questão
The substantia nigra is located within the
Responda
-
forebrain
-
hindbrain
-
midbrain
-
temporal lobe
Questão 25
Responda
-
Thalamus
-
pons
-
temporal lobe
Questão 26
Questão
Sensory nuclei in the [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end] serve as the major relay and processing centres for all senses except smell and project to the primary sensory cortices.
Responda
-
thalamus
Questão 27
Questão
Korsakoff's syndrome can involve which of the following symptoms
Responda
-
anterograde amnesia alone
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retrograde amnesia alone
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both retrograde and anterograde amnesia
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Korsakoff's syndrome does typically not involve memory loss
Questão 28
Questão
The hypothalamus is located [blank_start]below[blank_end] the thalamus
Responda
-
below
-
above
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beside
Questão 29
Responda
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putamen
-
Caudate nucleus
-
lateral ventrical
-
nucleus accumbens
-
nucleus accumbens
-
caudate nucleus
-
lateral ventricle
-
putamen
-
posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
-
inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
-
caudate nucleus
-
globus pallidus
-
caudate nucleus
-
putamen
-
anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
-
internal capsule
-
internal capusal
-
putamen
-
third ventricle
-
thalamus
Questão 30
Questão
Damage to the basal ganglia can result in (choose best)
Responda
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paralysis
-
motor function disturbance
-
language disorder
Questão 31
Questão
The term neostriatum refers to which cluster of nuclei? (choose all correct)
Responda
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putamen
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caudate nucleus
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the grey matter bands (striations) connecting the caudate to the putamen
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hippocampus
-
cerebellum
Questão 32
Questão
The limbic system includes the
Responda
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hippocampus
-
cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
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amygdala
-
cerebellum
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fornix
Questão 33
Questão
The cingulate gyrus is located (choose ALL correct)
Responda
-
within the medial aspects of the cortex
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superior to the corpus collosum
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Inferior to the corpus collosum
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posterior to the central sulcus
Questão 34
Questão
[blank_start]Commissural[blank_end] fibers connect between hemispheres, whereas [blank_start]association[blank_end] fibers involve connections within a hemisphere
Responda
-
Commissural
-
Association
-
association
-
commissural
Questão 35
Questão
The [blank_start]corpus callosum[blank_end] is the big band of commissural fibers connecting the two hemispheres
Responda
-
corpus callosum
Questão 36
Questão
The lateral plane refers to the [blank_start]left[blank_end] and [blank_start]right[blank_end] sides of the brain, on either side of the [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] fissure.
Responda
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left
-
right
-
longitudinal
Questão 37
Questão
The anterior and posterior sections of the brain are separated by the [blank_start]central[blank_end] sulcus
Responda
-
central
Questão 38
Questão
[blank_start]Hemiplegia[blank_end] refers to paralysis on one side of the body
Responda
-
Hemiplegia
-
Paraplegia
-
Semiplegia
-
Demiplegia
Questão 39
Questão
All auditory fibers project to the collateral primary auditory cortex.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 40
Questão
A point to point relationship between sense receptors and cortical cells is laid out on the primary auditory cortex, with cortical representation arranged according to [blank_start]pitch[blank_end].
Responda
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pitch
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volume
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noise
-
amplitude
Questão 41
Questão
Within the visual system, a [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] what system is specialized for object recognition and a [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] where system is specialized for spatial and movement percetiion.
Responda
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ventral
-
dorsal
-
ventral
-
dorsal
Questão 42
Questão
Areas of the cortex involved in motor and sensory function can be loosely divided into three key groups, primary, secondary and tertiary areas. Primary areas involve the initial vague representation of the action or sense, which in turn are elaborated in secondary areas before being integrated holistically with other movements or senses in tertiary areas.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 43
Questão
A lesion to an association area would typically not result in specific sensory or motor deficits. Rather, the behavioral difficulties would more likely appear as various higher order deficits involving the integration, recognition and fine tuning of primary information.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 44
Questão
The [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of the brain is more specialized in language and for processing verbally coded information.
Responda
-
left
-
right
Questão 45
Questão
The [blank_start]right[blank_end] side of the brain typically processes nonverbal information such as complex visual patterns or auditory signals that are not coded for in verbal form.
Responda
-
right
-
left
Questão 46
Questão
the [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere contributes to appreciation of the context (body language, irony) of verbal information and thereby, to the accuracy and appropriateness of language usage.
Responda
-
right
-
left
Questão 47
Questão
In keeping with the principles of hemispheric specialisation the most obvious cognitive deficit with [blank_start]left[blank_end] hemisphere damage is aphasia.
Responda
-
left
-
right
Questão 48
Questão
Holistic, Synthesising, Pictorial and Intuitive. These features are generally characteristic of which brain hemisphere?
Responda
-
Left
-
Right
Questão 49
Questão
The left-right dichotomies in hemispheric lateralization should be taken as useful concepts and not iron-clad facts. Normal healthy behaviour is a function of the whole brain working together, with important contributions from both hemispheres entering into virtually every activity.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 50
Questão
[blank_start]Dysarthria[blank_end] is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words. It is unrelated to any problem with understanding cognitive language.
Responda
-
Dysarthria
-
Aphasia
Questão 51
Questão
A patient who has had lesions exclusively in one hemisphere and appears to have difficulties making sense out of complex stimuli, and difficulties in comprehending speech intonation (prosody). The same patient may also experiences the following deficits (choose the most likely answer):
Responda
-
Impaired verbal memory, loss of basic mathematical concepts and difficulties with verbal fluency.
-
Inattention in the left visual field, copying of visual designs and loss of spatial orientation even in familiar surroundings.
Questão 52
Questão
Patients with right hemisphere lesions: (choose the best)
Responda
-
Typically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli due to a fundamental deficit in emotional processing.
-
Are more emotional because left sided regions responsible for the modulation of emotion are no longer inhibited by right sided regions
-
Typically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli. However it is not clear whether this is a fundamental deficit, or that is could be that emotional experience would not be impaired if the patient could properly apprehend emotional stimuli (such as emotive facial expression or tone of voice).
Questão 53
Questão
Patients with [blank_start]left[blank_end] sided lesions tend to be overly sensitive to their disabilities. However many patients ultimately compensate for them well enough to make a satisfactory adaptation to their disabilities.
Responda
-
left
-
right
Questão 54
Questão
Patients whose injuries involve [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions are less likely to be dissatisfied with themselves or their disabilities and are less likely to be aware of their mistakes. Consequently, those patients with such reduced insights tend to make [blank_start]poorer[blank_end] adjustments to their circumstances.
Responda
-
right
-
left
-
poorer
-
better
Questão 55
Questão
[blank_start]Left[blank_end] hemisphere damaged patients tend depression as result of the ability to conceive of their deficits, and thus is directly reactive to the injury and more prevalent during the [blank_start]acute[blank_end] phases of recovery.
Responda
-
Left
-
Right
-
acute
-
long term
Questão 56
Questão
In patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere damage, depression is often due to the secondary consequences brought on by a lack of self awareness or insight. As such these patients tend to set unrealistic goals and may be unpleasant socially, leading to isolation from friends and family. Thus depression is more likely to develop slowly as a reaction to these secondary consequences.
Responda
-
right
-
left
Questão 57
Questão
A clinician can accurately make diagnoses about the lateralisation of injury based on patient behaviour alone.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 58
Questão
Which of the following best describes the lateral characteristics of a healthy brain:
Responda
-
The healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the right hemisphere.
-
The healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the left hemisphere.
-
Conscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the commissural tracts.
-
Conscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the association tracts.
Questão 59
Questão
Very few tasks rely exclusively on a single hemisphere
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 60
Questão
Superior memorization tends to occur when: (choose the BEST answer)
Responda
-
Information is encoded using a linguistic representation
-
Information is encoded using a non-verbal representation
-
Information is encoded using simultaneous verbal and non-verbal representations
Questão 61
Questão
The external surface of the cerebral cortex is wrinkled into a complex of ridges called [blank_start]gyri[blank_end], and fissures called [blank_start]sulci[blank_end]
Responda
-
gyri
-
sulci
-
gyri
-
sulci
Questão 62
Questão
The [blank_start]central sulcus[blank_end] divides the cerebral hemisphere into anterior and posterior regions.
Responda
-
central sulcus
-
central gyrus
-
medial sulcus
-
lateral sulcus
Questão 63
Questão
Immediately in front of the central sulcus lies the [blank_start]precentral[blank_end] gyrus which contains much of the primary [blank_start]motor[blank_end] area.
Responda
-
precentral
-
postcentral
-
motor
-
sensory
-
visual
-
auditory
Questão 64
Questão
The bulk of the primary somatosensory area is located in the [blank_start]gyrus[blank_end] just behind the central [blank_start]sulcus[blank_end] called the [blank_start]postcentral gyrus[blank_end].
Responda
-
gyrus
-
sulcus
-
sulcus
-
gyrus
-
postcentral gyrus
-
postcentral sulcus
-
precentral gyrus
-
precentral sulcus
Questão 65
Questão
Anatomical areas of the cortex are largely defined according to:
Responda
-
physical characteristics, appearance and location.
-
function, and connectivity
Questão 66
Questão
In general the anterior regions of the cortex tend to be dedicated input systems, dealing largely with sensation and perception.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 67
Questão
The primary auditory cortex is located:
Responda
-
Along the upper most edge of the temporal lobe, below the somatosensory area.
-
In the parietal lobe, immediately anterior to the somatosensory area
-
In the anterior temporal lobe, immediately ventral to Broca's area.
-
Above the lateral sulcus, immediately below the somatosensory area.
Questão 68
Questão
Lesions to the primary visual cortex
Responda
-
can result in discrete blind spots in corresponding parts of the visual field.
-
usually result in total blindness
-
most commonly result in difficulties recognizing objects or describing their location in space
Questão 69
Questão
Hemianopia is
Responda
-
reduced vision or blindness over one side of the visual field
-
multiple blind spots across both sides of the visual field
-
total cortical blindness
Questão 70
Questão
[blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] is the inability to process sensory information.
Responda
-
Agnosia
-
Aphasia
-
Anopsia
Questão 71
Questão
[blank_start]Anopsia[blank_end] refers to any defect in the visual field
Responda
-
Anopsia
-
Agnosia
-
Aphasia
Questão 72
Questão
Visual [blank_start]agnosia[blank_end] is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or low intellect
Responda
-
agnosia
-
anopia
-
aphasia
Questão 73
Questão
Visual agnosia may be related to damage to which areas of the cortex? (choose all correct)
Responda
-
Fusiform gyrus
-
Parietal lobe
-
Visual association areas
-
Frontal lobe
Questão 74
Questão
[blank_start]Prosopagnosia[blank_end] refers to an inability to recognize faces
Responda
-
Prosopagnosia
-
Prosopaphasia
-
Prosopanopsia
Questão 75
Questão
[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] agnosia refers to a failure of recognition due to defective retrieval of knowledge pertinent to a given stimulus. The problem is due to faulty sensory-specific memory; the patient is unable to recognize the object despite being able to perceive it normally. [blank_start]Apperceptive[blank_end] agnosia refers to a defective integration of otherwise normally perceived components of a stimulus. The problem is more a failure of perception; these patients fail to recognize a stimulus because they cannot integrate the perceptual elements of the stimulus.
The distinction involves whether the disturbance is primarily a failure of memory, or of perception.
Responda
-
Associative
-
Apperceptive
-
Apperceptive
-
Associative
Questão 76
Questão
[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] visual agnosia is strongly associated with bilateral damage to higher order association cortices in the ventral and medial occipitotemporal areas, whereas [blank_start]apperceptive[blank_end] visual agnosia is more closely associated with damage to earlier, more primary visual cortices.
Responda
-
Associative
-
Apperceptive
-
apperceptive
-
associative
Questão 77
Questão
If a patient has trouble naming an object that they are capable of perceiving, but are able to recall its meaning (function, features, characteristics) it is MOST likely that they have associative visual agnosia.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 78
Questão
Simultanagnosia involves the inability to perceive more than one object or point in space at a time.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 79
Questão
Anomia involves a difficulty in retrieving [blank_start]names[blank_end]
Responda
-
names
-
meaning
-
spatial information
-
numeric information
Questão 80
Questão
[blank_start]Pure alexia[blank_end] is a reading problem that stems from defects in visual recognition, organization and scanning rather than from defective comprehension of written material.
Responda
-
Pure alexia
-
Dyslexia
-
Anomia
-
Acalculia
Questão 81
Questão
The two-streams hypothesis argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] stream (also known as the "[blank_start]what[blank_end] pathway") travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification and recognition. The [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] stream (or, "[blank_start]where[blank_end] pathway") terminates in the parietal lobe and is involved with processing [blank_start]object spatial location and position.[blank_end]
Responda
-
object spatial location and position.
-
object identification and recognition.
-
object naming.
-
facial recognition
-
where
-
what
-
who
-
how
-
dorsal
-
ventral
-
medial
-
lateral
-
what
-
where
-
who
-
how
-
ventral
-
dorsal
-
medial
-
lateral
Questão 82
Questão
The parietal-temporo-occipital (PTO) association area is primarily involved in:
Responda
-
integration of sensory and perceptual information
-
higher visual function alone
-
higher auditory function alone
-
somatosensory input
Questão 83
Questão
Patients with lesions in their PTO frequently demonstrate construction difficulties. Such as the ability to construct two or three dimensional objects from one or two dimensional units. [blank_start]Left[blank_end] sided lesions are apt to disrupt the programming or ordering of movements necessary for constructional activity. On the other hand, patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions tend to demonstrate difficulties with spatial imagery or the understanding of spatial relationships, in particularly these patients have difficulties with diagonality in a design.
Responda
-
Left
-
Right
-
right
-
left
Questão 84
Questão
Although lesions to either hemisphere may conduct visuospatial construction. It is likely that lesions to the [blank_start]right hemisphere[blank_end] is probably more likely to produce visuoconstruction defects than an equal contralateral lesion.
Responda
-
right hemisphere
-
left hemisphere
-
frontal lobe
-
hippocampus
Questão 85
Questão
Laterality effects also occur in the perception of auditory stimuli such that left [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] lobe damage impairs [blank_start]temporal processing (sound duration)[blank_end], whereas right [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] damage impairs [blank_start]spectral processing (pitch, harmony).[blank_end]
Responda
-
temporal processing (sound duration)
-
spectral processing (pitch, harmony)
-
spectral processing (pitch, harmony).
-
temporal processing (sound duration)
-
temporal
-
occipital
-
frontal
-
temporal
-
ocipital
-
frontal
Questão 86
Questão
[blank_start]Apraxia[blank_end] is a disorder of motor coordination and planning, whereas [blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] refers to a deficit in processing sensory information.
Responda
-
Apraxia
-
Agnosia
-
Aphasia
-
Agnosia
-
Apraxia
-
Aphasia
Questão 87
Questão
parietal lobe damage significantly slows the disengagement of attention, with the greatest slowing occurring when the lesion is on the right.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 88
Questão
name this subsection of the parietal lobe
Responda
-
inferior parietal lobule
-
posterior parietal gyrus
-
ventral parietal lubule
-
centroparietal area
Questão 89
Questão
Lesions to the inferior parietal lobule are typically related to deficits in [blank_start]short term[blank_end] memory.
Responda
-
short- term (or working)
-
long term
-
autobiographical
-
proceedural
Questão 90
Responda
-
Cingulate gyrus
-
corpus callosum
-
pons
-
fornix
Questão 91
Questão
The inferior parietal lobule is composed of the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and the [blank_start]angular gyrus[blank_end]. Wernicke's area is located ventrally to the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and immediately caudal to the [blank_start]primary auditory cortex[blank_end].
Responda
-
primary auditory cortex
-
supramarginal gyrus
-
angular gyrus
-
supramarginal gyrus
-
angular gyrus
-
primary auditory area
-
supramarginal gyrus
-
Wernicke's area
-
primary auditory area
-
angular gyrus
-
Broca's area
-
temporal lobe
Questão 92
Responda
-
anterior cerebral artery
-
potine branches
-
basilar artery
-
posterior communicating artery
-
middle cerebral artery
-
internal carotid artery
-
anterior communicating artery
-
posterior cerebral artery
-
vertebral artery
Questão 93
Questão
Which arteries supply each of the regions below?
(hint: include the word artery)
Responda
-
middle cerebral artery
-
anterior cerebral artery
-
posterior cerebral artery
Questão 94
Questão
Which of the following best represents the relationship between language and mathematics in functional neuroanatomy:
Responda
-
Language and mathematics ability appear to be related to the left temporal lobe, and thus are always observed concurrently.
-
Language and mathematics occupy equal but contral lateral portions of the left and right temporal lobes respectively.
-
Language and mathematics deficits often accompany one another, however some patients will develop one or the other separately.
Questão 95
Questão
Neglect is more common on the [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of personal and extrapersonal space.
Responda
-
left
-
right
Questão 96
Questão
An unawareness to one side of personal and extrapersonal space is known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
Responda
-
neglect
Questão 97
Questão
the [blank_start]right[blank_end] temporoparietal cortex is most usually associated with a chronic left sided-inattention known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
Responda
-
right
-
neglect
Questão 98
Questão
Severe hemispatial inattention is very much a "[blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere phenomenon" just as aphasia is a "[blank_start]left[blank_end] sided phenomenon"
Responda
-
right
-
left
-
left
-
right
Questão 99
Questão
Inattention (neglect) is only diagnosed when all five sensory modalities are affected
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 100
Questão
Neglect is most closely associated with which of the following cortical areas
Responda
-
left temporal lobe
-
right dlPFC
-
right parietal lobe
-
left occipital lobe
Questão 101
Questão
Deficits with visuospatial construction, left side attention, or organization of discrete features into a whole are consistent with which brain area. (choose BEST option)
Responda
-
right parietal lobe
-
right ocipital lobe
-
left temporal
-
amygdala
Questão 102
Questão
Patients with "cortical deafness" can often retain near normal sensory hearing capacity.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 103
Questão
[blank_start]Pure word deafness[blank_end], which occurs mostly with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] lesions, is an inability to comprehend spoken words despite intact hearing, speech production, reading ability and recognition of non-linguistic sounds.
Responda
-
Pure word deafness
-
Dyslexia
-
Alexia
-
Agraphia
-
left temporal
-
right temporal
-
right parietal
-
left occipital
Questão 104
Questão
[blank_start]Auditory agnosia[blank_end] may refer to an inability to recognize auditorily presented environmental sounds. When confined to nonspeech sounds (e.g telephone ringing) it is most frequently associated with right sided [blank_start]posterior temporal[blank_end] lesions.
Responda
-
posterior temporal
-
mediofrontal
-
occipital
-
thalamatic
-
Auditory agnosia
-
Pure word deafness
-
Auditory aphasia
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Auditory acalculia
Questão 105
Questão
[blank_start]Wernicke's aphasia[blank_end] patients may speak in fluent and syntactically correct sentences that has no semantic meaning. This condition is most commonly associated with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] damage.
Responda
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Wernicke's aphasia
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Broca's aphasia
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Richards aphasia
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Anomic
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left temporal
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right temporal
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right frontal
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left parietal
Questão 106
Questão
[blank_start]Anomia[blank_end] is a disorder related to the retrieval of words which may disrupt fluent speech.
Responda
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Anomia
Questão 107
Questão
right temporal lesions are rarely associated with language deficits, however difficulties naming and recognizing [blank_start]facial expressions[blank_end] have been reported.
Responda
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facial expressions
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tools
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animals
Questão 108
Questão
Relative cortical specializations relating to type for different categories of common nouns have been identified. For example some regions have been associated with animal names, whereas others have been associated with the names of tools.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 109
Questão
Damage to the right temporal lobe may result in which of the following symptoms? Choose ALL correct
Responda
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Deficits in spatial, non-verbal and abstract reasoning.
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Amusia
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Wernicke's aphasia
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Anomic aphasia
Questão 110
Questão
A primary function of the [blank_start]temporal lobes[blank_end] is memory
Responda
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temporal lobes
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occipital lobes
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brain stem
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central sulcus
Questão 111
Questão
The [blank_start]medial[blank_end] temporal lobe contains several structures critical for memory including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus.
Responda
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medial
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ventral
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caudal
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lateral
Questão 112
Questão
Damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] and adjacent areas of the temporal lobe is responsible for the memory impairment that emerges in early Alzheimer's disease.
Responda
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hippocampus
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amygdala
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putamen
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internal capsule
Questão 113
Questão
emotional disturbances are associated with lesions involving the hippocampus as well as the [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] and the [blank_start]uncus[blank_end].
Responda
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amygdala
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optic chiasm
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medulla oblongata
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uncus
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olfactory bulb
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corpus callosum
Questão 114
Questão
Many patients with focal damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] can still recognize single faces, words, objects etc as well as cognitively intact persons. Memory requiring relationships between single stimuli requires the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end]. This division of labor explains the severity of memory disorder resulting from these lesions. Even when amnesic patients retain some new learning ability, this new information lack superordinate organizing context.
Responda
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hippocampus
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hippocampus
Questão 115
Questão
Which type of memory is the hippocampus MOST CLOSELY associated with
Responda
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Older autobiographical memories
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Recently aqcuired declarative information
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Old declariative memories
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Recently aquired procedural memory
Questão 116
Questão
Which is true of older memories:
Responda
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Whilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely distributed throughout the cerebral cortex, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
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Old (declarative) memories are primarily stored in the hippocampus.
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Whilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely stored in the basal ganglia, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
Questão 117
Questão
Damage to the left hippocampus would mostly like disturb the learning of what type of information?
Responda
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Learning information such as names, new words and verbal facts.
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Learning informations such as new faces, geographical routes and musical melodies.
Questão 118
Questão
In a famous study, London cab drivers showed an enlargement of certain brain area after acquiring "the knowledge". Considering what you know which region of the brain was likely enlarged.
Responda
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Right hippocampus
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Left hippocampus
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Corpus callosum
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Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
Questão 119
Questão
The hippocampus is not involved in learning non-declarative information such as motor skills.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 120
Questão
The medial temporal lobes are not involved in working memory, nor are they involved in maintaining or processing information over very short intervals.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 121
Questão
Retrieval of information involving a single sensory modality appears to be most strongly associated with the associated cortex adjacent to the primary sense area. For example, retrieval of visual information is impaired by lesions of the visual association cortex of the occipital lobe.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 122
Questão
The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] is involved in processing emotional stimuli from all major sensory modalities.
Responda
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amygdala
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pons
Questão 123
Questão
Lesions to the [blank_start]premotor division[blank_end] of the frontal lobe do not result in loss of the ability to move, but rather disrupt the integration of the motor components of complex acts, producing discontinuous, uncoordinated or impaired motor skills.
Responda
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premotor division
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primary motor cortex
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prefrontal portion
Questão 124
Questão
Language deficit following damage to the left premotor area most likely do no involve comprehension but rather the ability to organise and produce speech sounds. This is known as oral [blank_start]apraxia[blank_end].
Responda
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apraxia
Questão 125
Questão
Damage to Broca's area results in
Responda
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expressive aphasia
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fluent aphasia
Questão 126
Questão
Lesions to the area of the right hemisphere, in the equivalent but contralateral to Broca's area may result in flat monotonic speech and difficulties with involving fluent prosody.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 127
Questão
The [blank_start]prefrontal[blank_end] lobes are where already correlated incoming information from all sources, external and internal, conscious and unconscious, memory storage and visceral arousal centres is integrated and enters ongoing activity
Responda
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prefrontal
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temporal
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primary motor
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parietal
Questão 128
Questão
The [blank_start]ventromedial[blank_end] prefrontal cortex plays a key role in impulse control and in regulation and maintenance of set and ongoing behaviour.
Responda
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ventromedial
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dorsolateral
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parietal
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superior medial
Questão 129
Questão
Behavioural problems with starting, stopping or switching tasks, deficits in self awareness, and a concrete attitude are associated with damage to which major area of the brain?
Responda
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Amygdala
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Parietal Lobe
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Prefrontal cortex
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Limbic system
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