PSC 1 - Chapter 2 Homework

Which of the following statements are objective?

Which of the following statements are inferences?

What is the appropriate term for this definition? Scientific procedures that involve systematically and objectively observing behavior in order to describe the relationships among behaviors and events.

What is the appropriate term for this definition? A selected segment of the population used the represent the group that is being studied that closely matches the larger group on relevant characteristics

What is the appropriate term for this definition? Research approach that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other

What is the appropriate term for this definition? Process in which participants are selected from the larger group such that every member has an equal chance of being included in the study

What is the appropriate term for this definition? Tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables that often generates testable questions

What is the appropriate term for this definition? Research approach that demonstrates cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating a factor thought to produce change in a second factor

What is the appropriate term for this definition? Specific, testable question or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables

What is the appropriate term for this definition? A selected segment of the population that is chosen based on situational factors, such as access or cost

Which of these events are correlational studies?

Which of these events are descriptive/observational studies?

Which of these events are experimental studies?

"A college professor notices that the farther away students sit from the instructor, the worse their grades in the course seem to be." Which of the following statement(s) can possibly explain this phenomenon?

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. This study uses a(n) __________________ design.

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. The independent variable in this study is ________.

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. In this study, Group A is the [blank_start]experimental[blank_end] group and Group B is the [blank_start]control[blank_end] group.

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. Participants ended up in either group A or group B on the basis of __________.

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. The dependent variable is the study is _______, and was operationalized as ______________.

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. This study's design helps minimize or eliminate which of the following problems?

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. If Group A was only tested in the morning and Group B was only tested in the afternoon, this would be a good example of ___________.

Which of these studies has a positive/direct correlation?

Which of these studies has a negative/inverse correlation?

A researcher wondered if people have greater need of stuffed animals when they are feeling lonely. They assigned participants randomly to conditions where they either wrote about a recent time when they felt rejected by other people or about a recent time that they went grocery shopping. They then had participants take a product evaluation survey, where they rated the desirability of several products on a 9 point scale, with 1 as “not at all desirable”, 5 as “neutral”, and 9 as “highly desirable.” One of these products was a teddy bear. When people wrote about a time they were socially rejected, they rated the teddy bear as highly desirable (Mean = 8.40, Standard Deviation = .60) whereas when people wrote about a time they went grocery shopping, their ratings of the teddy bear were more neutral (Mean = 4.79, Standard Deviation = .72). These are [blank_start]descriptive[blank_end] statistics. The mean is a measure of [blank_start]central tendency[blank_end] and the standard deviation is a measure of [blank_start]variability[blank_end]. This difference was statistically significant, t(120) = 11.20, p = .02. The t-test is an example of [blank_start]inferential[blank_end] statistics.

A researcher wondered if people have greater need of stuffed animals when they are feeling lonely. They assigned participants randomly to conditions where they either wrote about a recent time when they felt rejected by other people or about a recent time that they went grocery shopping. They then had participants take a product evaluation survey, where they rated the desirability of several products on a 9 point scale, with 1 as “not at all desirable”, 5 as “neutral”, and 9 as “highly desirable.” One of these products was a teddy bear. The results in the above study were statistically significant. What does this mean?

the extent to which the study actually relates to the real world is [blank_start]external validity[blank_end] the extent to which a measure consistently yields the same result is [blank_start]reliability[blank_end] the extent to which a measure is free from errors [blank_start]accuracy[blank_end] the extent to which a measure actually relates to the research question [blank_start]validity[blank_end] the extent to which the study is free from confounds and systematic errors [blank_start]internal validity[blank_end]

Dr. Buttercup wants to do a survey about how people's personality types relate to their favorite colors and hobbies. She wants to use horoscopes as a way of measuring personality because a person's horoscope never changes. (Horoscopes are based on birthdays.) Which statement is true?