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Sociology health and illness midterm 2 study guide

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study guide only.
Brittany Hinds
Quiz por Brittany Hinds, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Brittany Hinds
Criado por Brittany Hinds quase 2 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Canadian studies from the 1980s reveal that unemployed people are more likely to ________.
Responda
  • be hospitalized
  • report low psychological distress
  • sustain workplace injuries
  • all of these

Questão 2

Questão
In Canada by 2008, the prevalence of measured obesity had reached ________ of the adult population.
Responda
  • 15%
  • 25%
  • 40%
  • 50%

Questão 3

Questão
In 1848, Dr Rudolf Virchow, founder of modern cellular pathology, suggested that an outbreak of typhus in Prussia (now Poland) was the result of ________.
Responda
  • lice carrying bacteria
  • misdiagnosis
  • prescription drug use
  • problems in the physical and social environment

Questão 4

Questão
Researchers examining the determinants of health ________.
Responda
  • use of a variety of systems to classify the determinants of health
  • make important distinctions between upstream and downstream determinants
  • emphasize that more attention should be placed on examining distal factors as determinants of health
  • All of these

Questão 5

Questão
One of the implications of strong social support is ________.
Responda
  • obesity
  • increased isolation
  • reduced mortality
  • increased substance abuse

Questão 6

Questão
The story of Jason's health from a report on the health of Canadians by the Public Health Agency of Canada (1999) reveals that ________.
Responda
  • overanalyzing an individual's health is harmful
  • causal explanations for health status are usually easily identified
  • social context is not relevant to individual behavior
  • various social determinants of health have a greater influence upon health than traditional behavioural risk factors

Questão 7

Questão
Heredity makes us susceptible to disease, but ________ and ________ factors influence its onset.
Responda
  • social, emotional
  • initial, concluding
  • environmental, lifestyle
  • smoking, drinking

Questão 8

Questão
Structural determinants of health include ________.
Responda
  • genetic makeup
  • living and working conditions
  • personal health practices
  • personal beliefs

Questão 9

Questão
It is estimated that ________ of increased longevity since 1900 is the result of improved health care.
Responda
  • 70-80%
  • 0-5%
  • 10-15%
  • 40-50%

Questão 10

Questão
According to Raphael, ________ are an example of a horizontal structure.
Responda
  • workplace conditions
  • social policies
  • political policies
  • economic policies

Questão 11

Questão
In 2011, census data showed that for the first time there were more Canadians between the ages of 55 and 64 than those aged 15 to 24.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
In the coming years, population aging in Canada will decelerate.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
Three-quarters of drinking water systems in First Nations communities pose significant risks to the health of on-reserve Aboriginal peoples.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 14

Questão
Research by Blaxter suggests that individual lifestyle practices may play a more important part in shaping the health of people with high socioeconomic status
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
Traditional health promotion that encourages individual Canadians to change their behavioural practices to improve health has been very successful in Canada.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 16

Questão
The urban health penalty refers to research that argues that those who live in rural areas have worse health than those who live in urban centres.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
Social determinants of health include both structural and personal factors.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 18

Questão
Horizontal structures are more immediate factors that shape health and well-being, such as quality of housing.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Instrumental support is given when a social relationship provides a vital source of information about health-related matters.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
There is conclusive support for the urban health penalty in the literature.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
The decline in occupational prestige associated with a decline in perceived health status particularly affects female (as compared to male) labour force participants.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
There has been a substantial increase in income inequality in Canada since the 1980s.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 23

Questão
Those with limited access to social and economic resources are least likely to continue to participate in the labour market when they experience health problems.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
Social-class differences in mortality persist over time even though the major causes of death change.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
People who are retired generally report better health than people in the labour force.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
In the Whitehall studies of civil servants, the social gradient in health outcomes could be explained by lifestyle behaviours.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
Cultural behavioural explanations are the most common explanation guiding research on the social gradient in health in Canada.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
There have been very few Canadian studies examining the relationship between income and health outcomes.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
The social gradient in health is steepest in late adulthood.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
There are dramatic differences in life expectancy today, both between and within countries.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
In order to better understand the means by which income influences health, researchers need ________.
Responda
  • less qualitative and mixed-methods studies
  • more research funding available to new researchers
  • more interdisciplinary work on the pathways involved in the income–health relationship
  • more free time to pursue leisure activities that encourage creative thinking

Questão 32

Questão
Income adequacy is defined as ________.
Responda
  • having sufficient income to meet family needs
  • having an income 30 percent above the poverty line
  • having two months' worth of savings in the bank
  • having enough resources to cover health-care costs only

Questão 33

Questão
The _________ explanation approach argues that people with lower socioeconomic status are exposed to a more harmful environment and have less access to health care and health promotion.
Responda
  • cultural behavioural
  • psychosocial
  • environmental surrounding
  • materialist

Questão 34

Questão
To understand the fundamental causes of disparities in health, one needs to focus on ________.
Responda
  • socioeconomic position
  • gender
  • race and ethnicity
  • all of these

Questão 35

Questão
Among older adults, low health literacy is associated with ________.
Responda
  • poor self-care of chronic diseases
  • excessive use of emergency services
  • increased risk of mortality
  • all of these

Questão 36

Questão
The worst type of job you can have for your health is a job characterized as ________.
Responda
  • high demands and high control
  • high demands and low control
  • low demands and low control
  • low demands and high control

Questão 37

Questão
In the United States, there is a gap in life expectancy of approximately ________ year(s) between the least advantaged and most advantaged members of society.
Responda
  • 1
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20

Questão 38

Questão
The operational skills, linguistic styles, values and norms that one accrues through education and lifelong socialization are referred to as ________.
Responda
  • social capital
  • cultural capital
  • social gradient
  • social status

Questão 39

Questão
Canadian studies examining data on social gradients in health conclude that ________.
Responda
  • the social gradient in mortality is steeper for men than for women
  • the social gradient in mortality is steeper for women than for men
  • there is no gender difference in the social gradient
  • there is no evidence of a social gradient in mortality in Canada

Questão 40

Questão
The differential vulnerability hypothesis argues that ________.
Responda
  • younger people are more vulnerable to disease than older adults
  • a woman's health is more vulnerable to environmental factors than a man's
  • people with lower socioeconomic status have poor coping skills
  • people with no social network are more able to make independent health decisions

Questão 41

Questão
Men are more likely than women to die following a heart attack or stroke.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
Both sex and gender should be measured as non-binary variables.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
Females' lung cancer rates are increasing, while males' lung cancer rates are either remaining stable or decreasing.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 44

Questão
Women between the ages of 20 and 44 are far more likely to be hospitalized than men, even when maternity care is excluded.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 45

Questão
In Canada, men die approximately four years earlier than women.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
Since 2009, Health Canada has mandated that researchers include sex and gender–based analysis in their research.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
Estrogen increases low density lipoprotein and thus increases women's chances of heart disease.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 48

Questão
There is a much greater expectation for men to present themselves for medical care than there is for women.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 49

Questão
The feminist paradigm argues that women's bodies and women's lives have been the target of medicalization.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Lung cancer has now surpassed breast cancer in terms of premature death among Canadian women.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 51

Questão
Women are more likely than men to ________.
Responda
  • be employed full time
  • take on caregiving roles
  • exercise a high level of control in their jobs
  • be highly valued in society

Questão 52

Questão
The role accumulation hypothesis ________.
Responda
  • emphasizes the harmful effects of women's roles
  • suggests women are more willing to adopt the sick role because of socialization
  • suggests men are socialized to take risks, while women are socialized to be more cautious and concerned about taking care of their health
  • suggests that more roles result in better health

Questão 53

Questão
The pronounced differences between women and men in the area of health and illness can be attributed to ________.
Responda
  • differences in socioeconomic status
  • biology
  • lifestyle factors
  • It is not yet fully understood why such pronounced differences exist.

Questão 54

Questão
According to the sex- and gender-based analysis (SGBA), variations in health consequences are produced by ________ that intersects with gender.
Responda
  • socioeconomic position
  • race and ethnicity
  • sexual orientation
  • all of these

Questão 55

Questão
Hegemonic masculinity is a cultural ideal that embodies men as ________.
Responda
  • cooperative
  • uneducated
  • heterosexual
  • members of visible minorities

Questão 56

Questão
Following a cardiovascular event such as a heart attack or stroke, men (as compared to women) are ________.
Responda
  • less likely to die
  • less likely to undergo cardiac catheterization
  • less likely to be transferred to a different healthcare facility
  • all of these

Questão 57

Questão
The care provided by women has been ________.
Responda
  • largely invisible and unpaid
  • mainly in formal healthcare settings
  • only a small portion of the healthcare system
  • becoming less important over time

Questão 58

Questão
Women's health-adjusted life expectancy is approximately ________ years.
Responda
  • 70
  • 40
  • 80
  • 50

Questão 59

Questão
Men are far more likely than women to die of ________.
Responda
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • heart disease
  • disease of the central nervous system
  • suicide

Questão 60

Questão
Structural determinants of health include ________.
Responda
  • smoking behaviour
  • level of physical activity
  • family structure
  • diet

Questão 61

Questão
A deterioration in the health of immigrants over time was not confirmed in the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 62

Questão
Type 2 diabetes was a problem for Aboriginal communities at the time Canada was colonized.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 63

Questão
There are no notable ethnic differences in health behaviour.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 64

Questão
In the National Population Health Survey, year of arrival has been found to be an important predictor of immigrant health status.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 65

Questão
The commonly used measures of ethnicity in population health research are ancestry and ethnic identity.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 66

Questão
The relationship between health and ethnicity has received more research attention than the link between health disparities and other sources of inequality.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 67

Questão
Immigrants arriving from countries that are predominately English-speaking and culturally similar to Canada still have patterns of chronic disease that are far different that than of Canadian born.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 68

Questão
Approximately one-quarter of First Nations adults aged 25–64 living on reserve have an annual income of less than $5,000.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 69

Questão
A number of Canadian studies have found that Asian immigrant women are less likely than other Canadians to use preventive health services such as screening for breast and cervical cancer.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 70

Questão
People who have immigrated to Canada within the last 10 years have worse self-rated health status than native-born Canadians.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 71

Questão
According to the 2011 National Household Survey, there were over ________ ethnic origins reported by the total population in Canada.
Responda
  • 1,000
  • 26
  • 640
  • 200

Questão 72

Questão
Cultural safety, an approach to intercultural care that relies on the mutual accommodation of both patients and providers, is a concept that has been endorsed by ________.
Responda
  • the Canadian Medical Association (CMA)
  • the Canadian Nurses Association (CAN)
  • the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing
  • all of these

Questão 73

Questão
According to the 2011 National Household Survey, immigrants make up ________ of the Canadian population.
Responda
  • over half
  • just under one-quarter
  • less than one-tenth
  • almost three-quarters

Questão 74

Questão
Culture tends to determine ________.
Responda
  • whether a person is sensitive to feelings of discomfort
  • how symptoms are perceived and evaluated
  • whether or not the individual decides to seek medical care
  • all of these

Questão 75

Questão
The health benefits of living in neighbourhoods with a high concentration of others from one's own ethnic group is referred to as ________.
Responda
  • the Chinatown effect
  • the ethnic density effect
  • social exclusion
  • none of these

Questão 76

Questão
Aboriginal peoples are 14 times more likely than non-Aboriginals to________.
Responda
  • have sickle cell anemia
  • live in a home requiring major repair
  • avoid the use of formal health-care services
  • reach the age of 88

Questão 77

Questão
The leading causes of death among Aboriginal infants are ________.
Responda
  • diabetes, malnutrition, and heart disease
  • respiratory ailments, infectious diseases, and accidents
  • homicide, neglect, cancer
  • sudden infant death syndrome, diabetes, and heart disease

Questão 78

Questão
The highest rates of depression in Canada are reported by ________.
Responda
  • Blacks
  • South Asians
  • Aboriginals
  • East Asains

Questão 79

Questão
In 2006, Aboriginals accounted for ________ of new HIV infections in Canada.
Responda
  • 5.5%
  • 12.5%
  • 25.5%
  • 50.5%

Questão 80

Questão
An ethnic group is ________.
Responda
  • irrelevant to the study of health and illness
  • a shared set of ideas and beliefs
  • a socially based group that exists within a cultural framework
  • only used to define those who have immigrated to Canada within the past four years

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