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PSY4270

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Quiz sobre PSY4270, criado por Rachael Martin em 05-11-2022.
Rachael Martin
Quiz por Rachael Martin, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Rachael Martin
Criado por Rachael Martin aproximadamente 2 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Sally has developed an intervention to support people who have recently experienced a stroke. The intervention focuses on helping these people improve their impulsivity. What area of practice would this intervention likely fall under?
Responda
  • Clinical
  • Forensic
  • Health
  • Neuropsychology

Questão 2

Questão
In which part of the assessment process would you assess your suitability to manage the client and their presenting problems?
Responda
  • Referral
  • Intake
  • First session
  • After assessment

Questão 3

Questão
Greg is pretty certain that one of his clients has schizophrenia. To confirm this, he administers two different measures of schizophrenia (PANSS & SAPS). This is an example of multiple tests being
Responda
  • Additive
  • Confirmatory
  • Congruent
  • Complementary

Questão 4

Questão
Sarah has a client who is experiencing general issues in their cognitive functioning. She decides that she will administer two different scales from the WAIS to get a better idea of where the specific deficits may lie. This is an example of multiple tests being
Responda
  • Additive
  • Confirmatory
  • Congruent
  • Complementary

Questão 5

Questão
Lucy is a 14-year-old girl who has been brought in for her first psychology appointment. During the session, she tells the psychologist that she has not been eating at all, and that she has been hallucinating severely. However, when the psychologist talks to Lucy's parents, they note no perceptual disturbances, and say that she eats 3 meals per day. Assuming the parents are telling the truth, what is this an example of?
Responda
  • Incongruence
  • Deception
  • Malingering
  • Inter-rater reliability

Questão 6

Questão
Ella administers two tests to her client. One measures social anxiety symptoms, and the other measures avoidance behaviours. She finds that the two measures are highly correlated with each other. This is an example of
Responda
  • Convergent validity
  • Convergent reliability
  • Divergent validity
  • Divergent reliability

Questão 7

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients?
Responda
  • Ensure relevant cultural training before assessment
  • Document limitations of protocol for working in this population
  • Recognise and document the impact of language & non-verbal communication
  • Ensure that labels are used when interpreting results to improve clarity

Questão 8

Questão
Kelly is developing a new measure for BPD symptoms. This measure is an interview, and has no prescribed structure or questions, but it covers the key domains of BPD. What is a limitation of this type of measure overall?
Responda
  • Time-consuming
  • Costly
  • Does not answer differential diagnosis questions
  • Vulnerable to interviewer bias

Questão 9

Questão
Debbie asks her client to rate their sleep quality on a scale from 1 to 10. What type of measure is this?
Responda
  • Structured interview
  • Semi-structured interview
  • Spoken questionnaire
  • Subjective unit of distress

Questão 10

Questão
In which stage of the clinical interview process would you provide follow up contacts, acknowledge the distress of the client, and check if anything important was missed?
Responda
  • Prior to the interview
  • Starting the interview
  • Ending the interview
  • Middle of the interview

Questão 11

Questão
Mel has a client with anxiety, who is saying that she is worried that everyone will laugh at her for a scab she has on her face. Mel asks her client, 'Would you laugh at your friend if you saw they had a scab on their face?' and the client says 'Well, no that would just be mean'. Mel points out this discrepancy to her client, to which she concedes that maybe her thought is irrational. This is an example of which face to face interview skill?
Responda
  • Active listening
  • Questioning
  • Confrontation
  • Clarification

Questão 12

Questão
Which interview skill is typically avoided, but can be therapeutic in certain settings?
Responda
  • Humour
  • Self-disclosure
  • Containment
  • Confrontation

Questão 13

Questão
Laura is conducting an MSE and asks her client, 'Say you wanted to buy a car, how would you do that?'. Which section of the MSE is she assessing with this question?
Responda
  • Thought content
  • Thought form
  • Cognition
  • Judgement

Questão 14

Questão
Laura is conducting an MSE. She asks her client 'What do you do for work?' and the client responds with 'My favourite food is pasta'. This is an example of
Responda
  • Tangentiality
  • Flight of ideas
  • Derailment
  • Circumstantial thinking

Questão 15

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the MSE?
Responda
  • Lack of standardisation
  • Not sensitive to cultural issues
  • Adopts a spectrum model
  • Limited by time

Questão 16

Questão
Which of the following mental illnesses is generally the most common?
Responda
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • PTSD
  • Anorexia
  • Anxiety

Questão 17

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a goal of assessment in psychopathology?
Responda
  • To trial a therapy technique in a clinical trial
  • Screening for a psych referral in a GP
  • Determining severity during intake
  • Forming a diagnosis

Questão 18

Questão
Lola has slow, impoverished speech, sad and teary affect, poor concentration, anhedonia, and recurrent thoughts of death. Which assessment measure would you use to assess her presenting complaint?
Responda
  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module A)
  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module B)
  • DASS
  • Hamilton scale

Questão 19

Questão
Jocelyn has a client presenting with a wide array of psychopathology. She wants to administer a quick measure to detect possible symptoms for further inquiry. Which measure should she use?
Responda
  • Cross-cutting symptom measure, level 1
  • Cross-cutting symptom measure, level 2
  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module A)
  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module B)

Questão 20

Questão
Poppy is a 17 year old girl who has been seeing a psychologist for assessment. Poppy's psychologist has come to the conclusion that she has BPD. What is a potential issue in telling Poppy this diagnosis?
Responda
  • She may be excluded from psychological services
  • She may feel more understood
  • She may join a support group
  • She may base her whole identity around her diagnosis

Questão 21

Questão
The sense of who you are in the past and the future is termed
Responda
  • Autonoetic awareness
  • Agnosia
  • Aphraxic awareness
  • Soraintisis

Questão 22

Questão
The current view of neuropsychology adopts a(n) ______ of the brain
Responda
  • Systems view
  • Individual view
  • Biomedical model
  • Biopsychosocial model

Questão 23

Questão
What was the focus of neuropsychology in the 1960s & 1970s?
Responda
  • Localising lesions to certain areas and forming diagnosis
  • Cognitive and behavioural expressions of brain damage and disease
  • Finding a cure for shell-shock, battle fatigue, and PTSD after WWII
  • Quantitative data and devising a systematic way of observing

Questão 24

Questão
Ingrid has been told that she should not only look at the score her clients get on assessment measures, but also the way in which they got to that score. This is an example of a(n)
Responda
  • Process approach
  • Standard battery approach
  • Outcome approach
  • Standardised approach

Questão 25

Questão
Attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed are all examples of
Responda
  • General aspects of function
  • Specific cognitive domains
  • Background of cognition
  • Neuropsychiatric decline

Questão 26

Questão
Which of the following describes the main outcome that neuropsychology assessment focuses on (in the context of memory impairment)?
Responda
  • Asking how a client's memory is, both generally and in specific situations
  • Asking a client's parent/friend how their memory is (e.g., how is your son's memory?)
  • Observing the client's memory skills as a clinician and noting this down
  • Understanding the client's point of view on their memory impairment, and the impact that common views about memory may have on the complaint

Questão 27

Questão
Relating to the previous question, what is the name given to the outcome most focussed on in neuropsychology assessment?
Responda
  • Patient-reported outcomes
  • Clinician-reported outcomes
  • Observer-reported outcomes
  • Performance-based outcomes

Questão 28

Questão
Polly is told a story and then is asked to recall it to the examiner. What is this measure testing?
Responda
  • Verbal memory
  • Executive functioning
  • Awareness of field
  • Attention

Questão 29

Questão
Which of the following is NOT typically found in a neuropsychological report?
Responda
  • Diagnostic impressions
  • Record of observations
  • Synthesis of results
  • Medication recommendations

Questão 30

Questão
Hannah cannot prescribe medication, studies changes in thinking and behaviour from brain dysfunction, and is regulated by AHPRA. Which of the following describes Hannah's profession?
Responda
  • Neuropsychologist
  • Neuropsychiatrist
  • Behavioural therapist
  • Clinical psychologist

Questão 31

Questão
What neuropsychiatric symptom is most common in Huntington's disease?
Responda
  • Depression
  • Disinhibition
  • Behavioural inflexibility
  • Stumbling and clumsiness

Questão 32

Questão
Kris has a client who has recently been in a car accident and damaged their thalamus. Following this damage, Kris' client has been experiencing memory deficits similar to what is observed when the hippocampus is damaged. This is an example of
Responda
  • Frontal lobe syndrome
  • Amnesia
  • Retrograde amnesia
  • Anterograde amnesia

Questão 33

Questão
Liz is a university student who recently experienced a transient ischaemic attack (i.e., miniature stroke). Following the stroke, Liz has been unable to manipulate information in her mind, and performs poorly on the digit span subtest of the WAIS. Which structure is likely damaged in Liz?
Responda
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  • Ventromedial cortex
  • Orbitofrontal cortex
  • Parietal lobe

Questão 34

Questão
The current view of neuropsychiatry emphasises that behaviours are implemented in [blank_start]brain circuitry[blank_end], not brain regions.
Responda
  • brain circuitry

Questão 35

Questão
Bella is a neuropsychiatrist who has just received a referral for a new client. This client is experiencing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with frontal syndrome. If Bella wants to get a rich account of frequency for a small number of frontal syndrome symptoms, she should use the _______. However, if she wants to get information on 12 symptoms in terms of severity and frequency, she should use the _____.
Responda
  • Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale; UCLA Neuropsychiatric Inventory
  • UCLA Neuropsychiatric Inventory; Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale
  • Milner Behavioural Scale; Yale Neuropsychiatric Assessment
  • Yale Neuropsychiatric Assessment; Milner Behavioural Scale

Questão 36

Questão
Kiki is 55 and has been experiencing early-onset cognitive decline. She is in a loving relationship which is mostly healthy and stable. However, 1 year ago, Kiki got into an argument with her wife and threw a plate at her. This behaviour was described as 'very uncharacteristic' by both Kiki and her wife, and has not occurred again since. When Kiki and her wife came in for neuropsychiatric assessment, the clinician only administered measures that asked about Kiki's behaviour within the last 6 months, hence this incident was not raised. This is an example of
Responda
  • Severity and frequency
  • Negative symptom assessment
  • Sampling frequency
  • Rater issues

Questão 37

Questão
Which treatment is typically used for the neuropsychiatric symptom of apathy?
Responda
  • Neuroleptics
  • Behavioural and family-based treatments
  • SRIs
  • No treatment

Questão 38

Questão
Bo wants to measure her client's difficulty with awareness of emotions, clearly understanding emotions, accepting emotions, impulsivity, and ability to engage in goal-directed behaviours. Which of the following scales would be useful in doing this?
Responda
  • Difficulties in emotion regulation scale
  • Conner's behaviour rating scale
  • Psychoeducational profile 3
  • Vineland-3

Questão 39

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of mindfulness?
Responda
  • We are not capable of developing sustained attention
  • Awareness makes life richer and more vivid
  • Mindfulness gives rise to veridically of perceptions
  • People generally operate on auto pilot

Questão 40

Questão
Peggy is mowing their lawn and finds themselves worrying about a job presentation that they have to do later that week. Peggy catches themselves doing this, and brings themselves back to the present moment. This is an example of
Responda
  • Openness
  • Equanimity
  • Formal mindfulness
  • Informal mindfulness

Questão 41

Questão
Which of the following is TRUE regarding mindfulness-based interventions?
Responda
  • They can prevent or stop depressive thoughts
  • They are as effective as CBT for sleep, anxiety, and depression
  • They can increase brain age by up to 7.5 years
  • They aren't useful in the context of reducing relapse

Questão 42

Questão
Recent studies have found that the relaxation response from mindfulness elicits specific gene expression changes in short and long-term practitioners, which may lead to long-term physiological effects. This is an example of
Responda
  • Epigenetics
  • Allostatic load
  • Open-monitoring
  • Focused attention

Questão 43

Questão
Which mode of mindfulness meditation promotes the generation of creative ideas?
Responda
  • Open-monitoring
  • Focused attention
  • Informal mindfulness
  • Formal mindfulness

Questão 44

Questão
Billy has been a psychologist for 50 years, and has been seeing a lot of support for mindfulness in both academia and commercial media. Despite this, Billy still thinks that mindfulness is a waste of time and is ineffective. What is this an example of?
Responda
  • Anchoring bias
  • Confirmation bias
  • Heuristic bias
  • Stereotyping

Questão 45

Questão
A psychologist that figures out the concern for the child and their well-being, and measures them against typical development milestones, likely works in the field of
Responda
  • Education & development
  • Forensic
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical

Questão 46

Questão
Tony is a 16-year-old boy who has a diagnosed intellectual disability. Lately, Tony has been experiencing significant periods of low mood, anhedonia, and loss of pleasure, and subsequently is isolating himself socially, which is uncharacteristic. When Tony's mother took him to see his psychologist, they simply said 'this is a usual part of intellectual disability, don't worry about it'. What has happened here?
Responda
  • Diagnostic overshadowing
  • Tony is experiencing adolescent symptoms of ID
  • Tony has autism, not ID
  • Developmental surveillance

Questão 47

Questão
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding ASD & ADHD?
Responda
  • They could not co-occur in the DSMIV
  • They both have a similar global prevalence
  • Echolalia can only occur in ADHD, not ASD
  • The SCAS is commonly used to differentiate ASD from ADHD

Questão 48

Questão
Daisy is a 6-year-old girl who has been brought in for psychological assessment. Upon assessment, it is apparent that Daisy is able to adequately express appropriate facial expressions and tone of voice, however her vocabulary is quite restricted. as she can only say a few phrases such as 'hungry', 'mum', and 'happy'. When Daisy is told to 'put the green block on top of the red block' she does so without issue. What disorder best fits Daisy's description?
Responda
  • Dyspraxia
  • Pragmatic language difficulty
  • Disordered expressive language
  • Intellectual disability

Questão 49

Questão
Caterina is a 21-month-old baby who has been brought in for a language assessment. The psychologist notes that Caterina enjoys peekaboo, can babble and say single words, communicates mainly through gestures, cannot say words yet, and responds to requests. She cannot point to pictures of body parts when asked, and does not know letter-sound associations. Two questions: a) What age range best fits this language ability? and b) Is Caterina's language ability typical for her age?
Responda
  • 12 to 24 months; Yes
  • 6 to 12 months; No
  • 4 to 5 years; No
  • 4 to 6 months; No

Questão 50

Questão
If you wanted to conduct a cognitive assessment in a child aged 6 years and 7 months, which tool would you use?
Responda
  • WPPSI-IV
  • WISC-V
  • WAIS-IV
  • Either the WPPSI or the WISC

Questão 51

Questão
Which of the following scales is a standardised measure of adaptive behaviour that can be used in children?
Responda
  • PEP-3
  • Vineland-3
  • Child behaviour checklist
  • All of the options are correct

Questão 52

Questão
A child who can let their parent know when they need to use the toilet and is able to discriminate between urination and bowel movements is likely
Responda
  • 1 year old
  • 1.5 years old
  • 2 years old
  • 2.5 years old

Questão 53

Questão
Franny is a 7-year-old girl who has been brought in by her foster parents for psychological assessment. Franny's foster parents are concerned that she has significant language delays and social difficulties. What is something that we would need to consider when assessing Franny?
Responda
  • Neglect and childhood trauma
  • Autism spectrum disorder
  • Specific language disorder
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Questão 54

Questão
At what age does object permanence typically occur?
Responda
  • 6 months
  • 9 months
  • 12 months
  • 2 years

Questão 55

Questão
Josie is a child who feels remorse, experiences nightmares and bedtime fears, is incapable of lying, and recently has been playing 'chef' where she completes short sequences of activity such as whisking and then putting her bowl in a pretend oven, which her parents think has been happening because they have all recently been watching Masterchef together. How old is Josie?
Responda
  • 2 years
  • 3 years
  • 4 years
  • 5 years

Questão 56

Questão
Robert is 17 years and 7 months and has recently completed a WAIS assessment. His psychologist is scoring the WAIS, and uses the scoring manual to convert Robert's raw scores into standardised scores and percentiles. His psychologist ensures to note the 95% confidence intervals and arrives at a final raw score of 46 for verbal comprehension, 21 for working memory, 44 for perceptual reasoning index, and 35 for processing speed. He then calculates a full-scale IQ, and accordingly interprets this according to the mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. What mistake has Robert's psychologist made in these calculations?
Responda
  • The mean is 110, not 100
  • The WAIS uses 90% confidence intervals, not 95%
  • The FSIQ is uninterpretable and should not be calculated
  • Robert is too young for the WAIS and should have completed the WISC

Questão 57

Questão
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the WAIS-IV?
Responda
  • Tells us about focal deficits and general level of cognitive functioning in everyday life
  • It is the most popular measure of intelligence testing
  • If there is more than 5 points difference within the raw scores of indices, then they are uninterpretable
  • There are 10 subtests which contribute to the final full-scale IQ

Questão 58

Questão
In educational and developmental psychology, diagnosis should lead to
Responda
  • assessment
  • treatment
  • exclusion
  • comorbidity

Questão 59

Questão
In developmental disorders, there are many interventions available specifically for people with ______, but not as many for people with ______.
Responda
  • ASD; ADHD
  • ADHD; ASD
  • Depression; anxiety
  • Anxiety; depression

Questão 60

Questão
What is the first line of treatment for ADHD?
Responda
  • ABA therapy
  • Medication
  • Social skills programs
  • Sensory diets

Questão 61

Questão
Harry was diagnosed with ADHD as a young child, and is now entering high school. He has recently been feeling very anxious, and is constantly worrying about what other people think of him. His parents brought him to you for psychological assessment, and you came to the conclusion that Harry has anxiety. What is an important aspect of Harry's treatment plan?
Responda
  • Psychoeducation
  • PEERs program
  • Westmead feelings program
  • Psychodynamic therapy

Questão 62

Questão
Fifi has developed a new intervention for children to improve their social skills. The intervention begins by figuring out the child's goal, and then gets them to practice their social skills in natural environments, involving many repetitions and scaffolded practice. This intervention is known as a _____, and according to Novak & Honan, is likely to be ______.
Responda
  • Top-down approach; ineffective
  • Top-down approach; effective
  • Bottom-up approach; ineffective
  • Bottom-up approach; effective

Questão 63

Questão
Which broad class of interventions are most important in children aged 0 to 6 years (i.e., preschool age)?
Responda
  • Family
  • Child
  • Community
  • Cognitive behavioural

Questão 64

Questão
Which of the following is a controversial, intensive behaviour therapy, that is labelled by the ASD community as abusive and unethical?
Responda
  • ABA therapy
  • PEERs
  • Secret agent society
  • Animal therapy

Questão 65

Questão
What is often stressed in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and is important to reduce the negative developmental impacts of preschool, childhood, and adulthood problems?
Responda
  • Early intervention
  • Social skills training
  • Medication
  • Holistic intervention

Questão 66

Questão
A forensic psychologist is assessing a new client of theirs for recidivism, and notes that they are 23, male, vegetarian, impulsive, and currently intoxicated. Which of these factors would be assessed through an actuarial tool?
Responda
  • Male and 23
  • Vegetarian
  • Impulsivity and current intoxication
  • None of these would be assessed through actuarial tools as they are not associated with increased recidivism.

Questão 67

Questão
A forensic assessment tool that gives more nuanced information, assesses dynamic risk factors, considers individual people and characteristics, and takes 2 to 3 hours to complete, is likely to be a(n)
Responda
  • Actuarial tool
  • Structured professional judgement tool
  • Comprehensive forensic evaluation tool
  • Case formulation tool

Questão 68

Questão
Kelsey has recently been arrested for the third time, after stealing from Sephora. She has been stealing from Sephora for many years now, despite previous punishment. When asked about why she continues to steal from Sephora, Kelsey says she doesn't have enough money to buy makeup, and that she still deserves to look nice. This lack of money is an example of a
Responda
  • Clinical perpetuating factor
  • Forensic perpetuating factor
  • Clinical precipitating factor
  • Forensic precipitating factor

Questão 69

Questão
The focus of _______ is on addressing offence-specific behaviour and reducing reoffending, with the ultimate aim of reintegration.
Responda
  • forensic interventions
  • forensic assessments
  • clinical interventions
  • clinical assessments

Questão 70

Questão
In the 1960s and 1970s, rehabilitation programs for people who had offended fell out of favour, with most people today still thinking that those in forensic settings are treatment resistant. The w8 lecture refers to this as
Responda
  • The 'nothing works' mentality
  • The discrimination against offenders
  • The 'war against crime'
  • The 'recidivism crisis'

Questão 71

Questão
Which RNR principle surrounds directing intensive services to higher-risk offenders and minimising services to low-risk offenders?
Responda
  • Risk principle
  • Needs principle
  • Responsivity principle
  • Rehabilitation principle

Questão 72

Questão
Marshall and colleagues found in their 2002 paper that a(n) ________ approach is generally detrimental to treating recidivism in forensic contexts
Responda
  • punitive
  • firm but supportive challenging
  • group-led
  • individual

Questão 73

Questão
Henwood and colleagues' 2015 paper found that _______ appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of violent recidivism, and that moderate-intensity plans were more effective than _____ programs for violence reduction.
Responda
  • CBT anger management programs; low-intensity
  • CBT anger management programs; high-intensity
  • Group-led behavioural programs; low-intensity
  • Group-led behavioural programs; high-intensity

Questão 74

Questão
Which of the following is true about the law?
Responda
  • Stresses certainty
  • Emphasises determinism
  • Academic
  • Group focused

Questão 75

Questão
I am running late for a class on campus and decide to litter as I am stressed that I won't make it to class on time if I walk all the way to the bin. In this example, my littering is ______, and my stressed feelings are ______.
Responda
  • Covert; overt
  • Overt; covert
  • Conscious; unconscious
  • Unconscious; conscious

Questão 76

Questão
The assumption of behaviour and behavioural interventions that stresses the need to rule out simple, logical explanations before considering abstract, complex ones is called
Responda
  • Parsimony
  • Philosophic doubt
  • Lawful
  • Empirical

Questão 77

Questão
Which of the following is TRUE regarding behaviourism?
Responda
  • Thoughts and feelings are not accounted for
  • Behaviourism is deterministic
  • Dispositions do not matter
  • There is an idiographic focus

Questão 78

Questão
Kim is currently studying at law school, and is doing really well on her assessments. However, she consistently stresses as she believes that she is 'too dumb for law' and thinks that she will fail the bar. This is an example of what type of complex behaviour?
Responda
  • Cognitive-verbal
  • Physiological-affective
  • Overt-motor
  • Inappropriate behaviour

Questão 79

Questão
Kai is a 16-year-old boy who spends most of his time playing Minecraft, to the point where he neglects his school work. This behaviour could be described as a typical example of adolescent ____
Responda
  • Behavioural deficiency
  • Behavioural excess
  • Inappropriate behaviour
  • None of these are correct, this behaviour is typically seen in children

Questão 80

Questão
Which of the following is NOT something that is necessary when choosing a target behaviour for assessment?
Responda
  • Must be observable and measurable in regard to frequency, intensity, and duration
  • Must produce positive reinforcement in the client's natural environment after treatment
  • Alternative behaviours must exist if the target behaviour is a problem behaviour
  • Must be covert

Questão 81

Questão
Kourtney is a nurse working in an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. On her night shifts, Kourtney is required to check in on the patients every 25 minutes to ensure that they are sleeping. What type of behavioural assessment is this?
Responda
  • Continuous recording
  • Interval recording
  • Permanent product recording
  • Momentary time sampling

Questão 82

Questão
Kourtney got fired from her job as a nurse and is now working in a factory that produces lip gloss. Her boss measures her productivity by counting how many units of lip gloss Kourtney successfully packages per shift. This is an example of
Responda
  • Continuous recording
  • Interval recording
  • Permanent product recording
  • Momentary time sampling

Questão 83

Questão
Gen is currently undergoing behavioural modification. Her psychologist is teaching her how to respond in specific contexts, such as when it is appropriate to swear (not in front of parents but ok for peers), when it is appropriate to eat with strict table manners (best for restaurants, strange in a home), and when it is appropriate to shake someone's hand (when meeting an acquaintance, not seeing a close friend). This is an example of
Responda
  • Stimulus discrimination
  • Stimulus generalisation
  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Variable ratio reinforcement

Questão 84

Questão
Anna is a recovering alcoholic. She has been attending alcoholics anonymous, and when she was 1 month sober she received a medallion. She then received a medallion for 6 months sober, 1 year sober, and hopes to receive the 5 year sobriety medallion next. This is an example of
Responda
  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Differential reinforcement
  • Fixed interval reinforcement
  • Variable interval reinforcement

Questão 85

Questão
Which behaviours are the easiest to extinguish?
Responda
  • Those which have been continuously reinforced
  • Those which have been partially reinforced
  • Those which have been overcorrected
  • Those which have been variably reinforced

Questão 86

Questão
Services in the clinical-scientist model must satisfy a number of requirements. Which of the following is NOT one of these requirements?
Responda
  • Exact description of service provided
  • Claimed benefits are stated explicitly and validated scientifically
  • Empirical efficacy is above 90%
  • Possible negative side effects that could outweigh benefits are ruled out empirically

Questão 87

Questão
Clara wants to measure the efficacy of DBT for her clients with ADHD. She is working with another researcher to do this, and they each take a different approach. Clara ensures that her clients do not have any comorbidities that may influence the efficacy of the therapy (e.g., BPD, ASD), and conducts the sessions in a special research clinic with better resources. Clara's colleague does not apply any of these constraints, and simply administers DBT to her current clients with ADHD in her imperfect clinic. Clara is engaging in a(n) _______, whereas her colleague is conducting a(n) _______.
Responda
  • Effectiveness trial; practice-based evidence
  • Practice-based evidence; effectiveness trial
  • RCT; practice-based research
  • Practice-based research; RCT

Questão 88

Questão
Hailey finds a new intervention for ASD which has a few cohort studies supporting its use. Which level of evidence is this intervention?
Responda
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Questão 89

Questão
Graham is on the review board which grades interventions on their evidence base. He is currently reviewing a new sleep intervention from America, and determining whether its evidence-base is relevant to Australian hospitals and clinics. Which aspect of the body of evidence matrix is Graham currently assessing?
Responda
  • Evidence base
  • Generalisability
  • Clinical impact
  • Applicability

Questão 90

Questão
Nia is working at a new psychology clinic. They tell her that it is protocol to monitor clients' perceptions of the therapeutic alliance and compliance to interventions every 2 months. This is an example of
Responda
  • Routine outcome monitoring - outcomes
  • Routine outcome monitoring - process
  • Evidence based practice - effectiveness
  • Evidence based practice - key factors

Questão 91

Questão
Which therapy has level 1 evidence for most disorders?
Responda
  • CBT
  • Psychodynamic
  • DBT
  • Mindfulness

Questão 92

Questão
Which of the following is supported for use in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations?
Responda
  • Narrative therapy
  • EMDR
  • Psychoeducation
  • Family interventions

Questão 93

Questão
Which therapy proposes that dysfunctional thinking, which influences mood and behaviour, is common to all psychological disturbances?
Responda
  • CBT
  • Psychodynamic
  • DBT
  • ACT

Questão 94

Questão
Which of the following is TRUE regarding CBT?
Responda
  • It is the same for each client
  • It requires a sound therapeutic relationship
  • It challenges thoughts
  • It only focuses on the present

Questão 95

Questão
Which technique is used in CBT to go from automatic thoughts down to deeper cognitive beliefs?
Responda
  • Socratic quesitoning
  • Hot cognitions
  • Downward arrow
  • Self-monitoring

Questão 96

Questão
Khloe is running a fashion show and is worrying about what the audience thinks. Everyone in the audience is really into the show, however she spots one person in the audience who looks bored. She thinks, 'Oh no, my fashion show must be awful, I knew this was a bad idea.' What is this an example of?
Responda
  • Mind reading
  • Magnification and minimisation
  • Catastrophising
  • Polarised thinking

Questão 97

Questão
Ruby is currently in therapy and is discussing her relational difficulties. She tells her therapist that she has a hard time forming new relationships, because 'people are not trustworthy'. What level of cognition is this?
Responda
  • Automatic thought
  • Assumption
  • Rule
  • Core belief

Questão 98

Questão
Exploring aspects of the self that are to fully known is the essence of which therapy?
Responda
  • DBT
  • Psychodynamic
  • CBT
  • ACT

Questão 99

Questão
Raja has recently been missing her therapy sessions, as she is worried that her therapist will bring up the fact that she has not been eating. During her sessions, whenever this topic is brought up Raja quickly changes the topic. Raja's therapist is planning to focus on this in their next session. Which distinctive feature of the psychodynamic technique is this?
Responda
  • Focus on full range of affect and emotion
  • Discussion of past experience
  • Countertransference
  • Exploration of attempts to avoid distressing thoughts

Questão 100

Questão
Everything the client brings to therapy such as their mood, what happened to them in the last week, and their openness, accounts for _______ of the therapeutic outcomes?
Responda
  • 40%
  • 30%
  • 15%
  • 86%

Questão 101

Questão
Which of the following is a common critique of the common factors model?
Responda
  • May deskill therapists
  • Reduces development of new interventions
  • Focuses too much on the therapeutic model
  • Incorporates too much deliberate practice

Questão 102

Questão
Which of the following is a direct measure of sleep?
Responda
  • Polysomnography
  • Actigraphy
  • Sleep diary and log
  • There is no direct measure

Questão 103

Questão
Julie wants to measure sleep quantity subjectively over a long period of time. She wants to be able to do this easily with a low cost, and doesn't care too much about the impact of compliance. Which measure is best for this?
Responda
  • None of these fit her description
  • Polysomnography
  • Actigraphy
  • Sleep diary and log

Questão 104

Questão
Hillary is conducting a sleep assessment using a range of measures including PSG, actigraphy, and sleep diary. Her client is a 7 year old boy with ADHD and she is measuring his wake time and total sleep time. When looking at the measures between PSG and actigraphy, which discrepancy is Hillary likely to find?
Responda
  • PSG overestimates his wake time and underestimates total sleep time
  • PSG underestimates his wake time and overestimates total sleep time
  • Actigraphy underestimates his wake time and overestimates total sleep time
  • Actigraphy overestimates his wake time and underestimates total sleep time

Questão 105

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a commonly presented sleep disorder?
Responda
  • Insomnia
  • Hypersomnolence
  • Narcolepsy
  • Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder

Questão 106

Questão
Which sleep disorder is purely based on subjective complaints of sleep and involves difficulty with early awakenings, sleep maintenance, and non-restorative sleep?
Responda
  • Insomnia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Hypersomnolence
  • Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder

Questão 107

Questão
According to the 3P model, which factors contribute to chronic but not acute insomnia?
Responda
  • Poor coping mechanisms exacerbating sleep problems
  • Biological predisposition to sleep disorders
  • Substance use
  • None of these are correct

Questão 108

Questão
Hamish is having difficulty initiating sleep and waking early, and complains of anxiety around bed time. He often sits in bed, worrying about how much time he has left to sleep, and thinking about how it will impact him the next day. Without knowing how long this has been going on for, which type of insomnia is Hamish likely experiencing?
Responda
  • You cannot tell without knowing the duration of the complaint
  • Acute
  • Chronic
  • Intermediate

Questão 109

Questão
To treat his insomnia, Hamish's therapist tells him to get up and read a book in the kitchen if he cannot get to sleep within 15 minutes of going to bed. This is called ______ and is a _________ intervention.
Responda
  • Stimulus control; first-wave
  • Stimulus control; second-wave
  • Sleep hygiene; first-wave
  • Sleep hygiene; second-wave

Questão 110

Questão
People with insomnia typically have __________ scores on the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Questionnaire.
Responda
  • Higher
  • Lower
  • Intermediate
  • Variable

Questão 111

Questão
Hamish does this strategy, but tells his psychologist it isn't working. He says 'I try to read to make myself sleepy, I even make myself a tea to increase my sleepiness, but nothing works!' What part of the attention-intention-effort pathway does this behaviour belong to?
Responda
  • Attention
  • Intention
  • Effort
  • It belongs to all three

Questão 112

Questão
According to the metacognitive model, arousal which is caused by how one relates to cognitive activity of sleep is called
Responda
  • Primary arousal
  • Secondary arousal
  • Tertiary arousal
  • None of these options are correct

Questão 113

Questão
Jinny has recently been experiencing post-partum depression. As a result of this, she has been complaining of poor sleep quality and difficulty initiating sleep. What diagnosis best fits Jinny's complaints?
Responda
  • Primary insomnia
  • Secondary insomnia
  • Insomnia
  • Post-partum depression with insomnia features

Questão 114

Questão
A key aspect of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology is that it is
Responda
  • Bidirectional
  • Restricted
  • Category-based
  • Biologically-focused

Questão 115

Questão
Elena has been experiencing a significant amount of stress at work as she ha recently been promoted to a position in which she feels out of her depth. This prolonged stress means hat her HPA axis is constantly activated, and is modulating her blood pressure, lipids, and glucose. As a result, Elena has been getting sick very easily, and always seems to have a cold. This is an example of
Responda
  • Primary mediators
  • Secondary outcomes
  • The mind influencing the body
  • The body influencing the mind

Questão 116

Questão
fMRI studies have recently shown similar brain activity in people with anhedonia, and healthy controls injected with an endotoxin that increases inflammation. Supporting this, another study found that when participants were injected with the same inflammatory endotoxin, they experienced spikes in depressed mood and social disconnection. This is an example of
Responda
  • The mind influencing the body
  • The body influencing the mind
  • Primary mediators
  • Secondary outcomes

Questão 117

Questão
Which of the following aspects in a measure of depression would you NOT want to be included for use in people currently undergoing chemotherapy?
Responda
  • Loss of appetite
  • Low mood
  • Anhedonia
  • Suicidality

Questão 118

Questão
Which of the following health psychology assessment measures can be limited by a lack of appropriate training for the clinician, and limited generalisability to the natural environment?
Responda
  • Psychophysiological measures
  • Observation
  • Archival data
  • Psychometric instruments

Questão 119

Questão
A health psychologist wants to improve the amount of information they are able to collect during their clinical interview. They decide they want to understand more about client's current and past medications, and the side effects they experience from these, however they understand that it can be hard for clients to think of this on the spot. Which measure should they use to overcome this?
Responda
  • Structured clinical interview
  • Questionnaires mailed prior to apppointment
  • Broadband-general psychometric instruments
  • Archival data

Questão 120

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used intervention in health psychology?
Responda
  • Exercise
  • Mindfulness based stress reduction
  • DBT
  • Yoga

Questão 121

Questão
This measure is one of the most fundamental methods of assessment, can be unstructured or highly structured, and completed by the clinician or by the client themselves. It is limited by the subjectivity of the clinician, and if it is not integrated with other data sources. This measure is
Responda
  • Observation
  • Questionnaire
  • Clinical interview
  • Diary

Questão 122

Questão
Which of the following is an example of a Narrow focus - General psychometric instrument?
Responda
  • Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory - 2
  • Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic
  • Beck Depression Inventory II
  • Multidimensional Pain Inventory

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