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Foundations Midterm/Final

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Quiz sobre Foundations Midterm/Final, criado por Erin Knapp em 15-03-2023.
Erin Knapp
Quiz por Erin Knapp, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Erin Knapp
Criado por Erin Knapp mais de 1 ano atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The nuclear force which holds electrons in “orbit” around an atom is called:
Responda
  • gravity
  • charge
  • valence force
  • binding energy

Questão 2

Questão
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The curve shifts:
Responda
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Questão 3

Questão
Scatter radiation is mostly a result of the Photoelectric interaction.
Responda
  • true
  • false

Questão 4

Questão
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Responda
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Questão 5

Questão
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Questão 6

Questão
The Compton interaction is mainly responsible for radiographer dose.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Responda
  • decrease
  • increase
  • remain the same

Questão 8

Questão
As the atomic number of an element increases, the energy required to remove an inner shell electron _____________________.
Responda
  • increases
  • decreases
  • is unchanged

Questão 9

Questão
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Responda

Questão 10

Questão
The end product(s) of the photoelectric effect is/are:
Responda
  • one ejected electron and an orbital vacancy
  • one ejected electron only
  • one scattered photon, one ejected electron, and an orbital vacancy
  • one scattered photon only
  • one orbital vacancy only

Questão 11

Questão
If an incident photon has an energy of 90 keV and undergoes a Compton interaction giving 20 keV to the ejected electron which had a binding energy of 2 keV, determine the energy of the scattered photon. the energy is [blank_start]68[blank_end] keV
Responda
  • 68

Questão 12

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an interaction between x-ray photons and matter?
Responda
  • compton interaction
  • photoelectric interaction
  • brems interaction
  • coherent interaction

Questão 13

Questão
The greatest amount of scatter is produced from the _____________________ interaction.
Responda
  • coherent
  • compton
  • characteristic
  • brems

Questão 14

Questão
Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
A high energy x-ray photon has a long wavelength.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 16

Questão
An 80-kV photon undergoes a coherent scattering interaction with an orbital electron having a binding energy of 8 kV. What is the energy of the resulting scattered photon?
Responda
  • 88 kV
  • 8 kV
  • 72 kV
  • 80 kV

Questão 17

Questão
Filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable ____ by the insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam.
Responda
  • low energy x-ray photons
  • high energy incident electrons
  • high energy x-ray photons
  • low energy incident electrons

Questão 18

Questão
label the parts of the x-ray beam spectrum graph
Image:
Picture2 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • characteristic interactions
  • kilovoltage peak
  • average breams kV
  • brems interactions

Questão 19

Questão
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The curve shifts:
Responda
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Questão 20

Questão
If the number of protons within an atom’s nucleus is changed, which of the following must absolutely change:
Responda
  • number of electrons
  • element's name
  • electrical charge
  • number of neutrons

Questão 21

Questão
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The curve shifts:
Responda
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Questão 22

Questão
Characteristic radiation forms a discrete emission spectrum.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 23

Questão
The partial absorption of the x-ray beam as it passes through the body is best referred as:
Responda
  • absorption
  • brems
  • heterogeneity
  • attenuation

Questão 24

Questão
this interaction is a ____________ interaction
Image:
Picture1 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • compton

Questão 25

Questão
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Responda

Questão 26

Questão
A low energy brems x-ray results when the incident electron is strongly influenced by the nucleus.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Responda
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Questão 28

Questão
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration. Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Responda

Questão 29

Questão
If an incident x-ray photon ejects a k-shell electron with a binding energy of 37 keV, and the initial energy of the photon was 40 keV, the ejected electron leaves the atom with _____ keV of kinetic energy.
Responda
  • 3
  • 40
  • 37
  • 17

Questão 30

Questão
A photon of x-ray has an electrically positive charge.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Attenuation causes a gradual decrease in the number of primary x-rays that exit the patient.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
Brems is produced by:
Responda
  • slowing down of an electron by the nucleus
  • ionization from ejection of outer shell electron
  • excitation and restabilization of an outer shell electron
  • creation of a photoelectron

Questão 33

Questão
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Responda
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Questão 34

Questão
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Responda
  • brems
  • compton
  • photoelectric
  • characteristic

Questão 35

Questão
Radiation that turns 180 degrees in direction after interacting with matter is called:
Responda
  • coherent
  • backscatter
  • brems
  • characteristic

Questão 36

Questão
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Questão 37

Questão
If a projectile electron is traveling at 70 keV and is deviated by the nucleus with a resulting electron energy of 10 keV, determine the energy of emitted radiation = [blank_start]60[blank_end] keV This is an example of what type of radiation? [blank_start]brems[blank_end] interaction
Responda
  • 60
  • brems

Questão 38

Questão
We used an original mAs of 32 and kVp of 80, list two separate techniques (one kVp & mAs then another kVp & mAs) we could use to double our exposure. (0.5 pt for each) 15% rule: [blank_start]92[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]32[blank_end] mAs Doubling mAs: [blank_start]64[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]80[blank_end] kVp
Responda
  • 92
  • 32
  • 64
  • 80

Questão 39

Questão
label the x-ray tube
Image:
Picture3 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • stator
  • rotor
  • glass envelope
  • filament
  • focusing cup
  • target
  • window
  • disk

Questão 40

Questão
Distortion can be a misrepresentation of
Responda
  • shape only
  • size only
  • detail
  • shape and size

Questão 41

Questão
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the OID is 5 in. round to 2 decimal places [blank_start]1.14[blank_end]x
Responda
  • 1.14

Questão 42

Questão
The difference between two adjacent shades of gray is:
Responda
  • distortion
  • subject contrast
  • spatial resolution
  • quantum mottle

Questão 43

Questão
Spatial resolution is improved when:
Responda
  • SID decreases
  • OID decreases
  • SOD decreases
  • OID increases

Questão 44

Questão
Foreshortening is present if:
Responda
  • The image of the object is shorter than the object
  • The image of the object is larger than the object
  • the tube and IR are in alignment
  • IR exposure is excessive

Questão 45

Questão
If 80 kVp, 400 mA, and 0.025 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]10[blank_end] mAs
Responda
  • 10

Questão 46

Questão
The [blank_start]___[blank_end] the SID, the [blank_start]___[blank_end] the magnification.
Responda
  • lesser
  • greater
  • n/a
  • smaller
  • bigger
  • n/a

Questão 47

Questão
change from 20 mAs to 40 mAs Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Responda

Questão 48

Questão
As tube angle increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 49

Questão
What can negatively impact spatial resolution?
Responda
  • patient motion
  • small focal spot
  • minimal OID
  • small detectors

Questão 50

Questão
change from 3 mm Al filtration to 5 mm Al filtration Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Responda

Questão 51

Questão
Factors affecting spatial resolution include:
Responda
  • focal spot size
  • contrast scale
  • kVp
  • mAs

Questão 52

Questão
A good method for controlling motion when the patient is unable to cooperate is to:
Responda
  • decrease kVp
  • increase focal spot size
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing exposure time
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing mA

Questão 53

Questão
The effect of mAs upon IR exposure is:
Responda
  • directly proportional
  • inversely proportional
  • dependent on kVp

Questão 54

Questão
If a radiograph using 40 mAs (400 mA at 0.10 sec.) produced a radiograph with satisfactory exposure, what new time should be used if mA is changed to 200? [blank_start]0.2[blank_end] sec
Responda
  • 0.2

Questão 55

Questão
Poor spatial resolution is caused by an unacceptable amount of
Responda
  • umbra
  • penumbra
  • IR Exposure
  • contrast

Questão 56

Questão
the unsharpness in an image is affected by all of the following except:
Responda
  • focal spot size
  • mAs
  • SOD
  • OID

Questão 57

Questão
If a projected image measures 3 in. and the magnification factor is 1.1, what is the size of the actual object? (you must label your answer with abbreviation) [blank_start]2.7 in[blank_end]
Responda
  • 2.7 in

Questão 58

Questão
The principal controlling technical factor of remnant beam contrast is
Responda
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • anode angle

Questão 59

Questão
As kVp increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Responda
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Questão 60

Questão
An increase in x-ray beam filtration
Responda
  • increases magnification
  • increases the average photon energy of the beam
  • decreases patient tissue density
  • increases the quantity of photons in the beam

Questão 61

Questão
A radiograph with few shades of gray exhibits
Responda
  • high contrast
  • medium contrast
  • low contrast

Questão 62

Questão
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the SOD is 25 in. [blank_start]1.6[blank_end]x
Responda
  • 1.6

Questão 63

Questão
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 64

Questão
As filtration increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 65

Questão
If the following three exposures were obtained on the same patient (with no computer processing and/or on film) and everything is unchanged except for mAs, in which image would you expect mAs to have been the largest?
Image:
Exam2+Image1 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • A
  • B
  • C

Questão 66

Questão
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Responda
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Questão 67

Questão
With an SID of 40 inches, and an OID of 10 inches, what is the factor of magnification?
Responda
  • 3x
  • 4x
  • 1.33x
  • 0.25x

Questão 68

Questão
If 70 kVp, 100 mA, and 0.25 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]25[blank_end] mAs
Responda
  • 25

Questão 69

Questão
If 10 mAs at 120 kVp is used for a radiograph and the remnant beam's scale of contrast is too long, determine the new technique to be used obtaining the same IR exposure. new kVp: [blank_start]102[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]20[blank_end]
Responda
  • 102
  • 20

Questão 70

Questão
Electronic "snow" on a display monitor or TV monitor image is a form of:
Responda
  • noise
  • scatter
  • distortion
  • IR exposure

Questão 71

Questão
As mAs increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Responda
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Questão 72

Questão
A change in kVp, as an exposure factor, affects
Responda
  • average beam energy
  • beam intensity/quantity
  • the relative amount of scatter received on the IR
  • all of the above

Questão 73

Questão
As kVp increases, the percentage of Compton interactions (relative to the total number of interactions) [blank_start]____[blank_end] and remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]____[blank_end].
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • N/A
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • N/A

Questão 74

Questão
Size distortion is controlled by:
Responda
  • SID
  • OID
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • patient motion

Questão 75

Questão
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 72 in. and the SOD is 25 in. round to 2 places. [blank_start]2.88[blank_end] x
Responda
  • 2.88

Questão 76

Questão
As mAs increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 77

Questão
As mAs increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 78

Questão
As SID increases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 79

Questão
As focal spot size increases, spatial resolution will _______________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 80

Questão
The brightness of the image on a viewing monitor is the result of
Responda
  • tissue thickness
  • IR exposure only
  • monitor's brightness settings
  • tissue density

Questão 81

Questão
What should you expect to occur with a decrease in kVp?
Responda
  • lower contrast
  • longer scale of contrast
  • more fog/scatter seen on IR
  • more photoelectric interactions

Questão 82

Questão
Insufficient mAs is likely to contribute to ___ in the image.
Responda
  • quantum mottle
  • motion
  • high spatial resolution
  • excessive OID

Questão 83

Questão
Using the 15% rule changes
Responda
  • distortion
  • IR exposure
  • remnant beam contrast

Questão 84

Questão
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. What kVp would be required to double the exposure? round up to whole number [blank_start]75[blank_end] kVp
Responda
  • 75

Questão 85

Questão
As OID increases, size distortion will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 86

Questão
If the signal is 16 and the noise is 4 on a hypothetical radiographic image, what is the Signal to Noise ratio?
Responda
  • 8
  • 12
  • 4
  • 0.24

Questão 87

Questão
Which of the following is equivalent to low penumbra?
Responda
  • high sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low distortion
  • high magnification

Questão 88

Questão
Penumbra decreases as
Responda
  • SID increases
  • OID decreases
  • focal spot decreases
  • all of the above

Questão 89

Questão
If the mA is set at 300 and the total mAs produced is 15 mAs, the exposure time must be:
Responda
  • 0.5 sec
  • 0.05 sec
  • 0.2 sec
  • 2 sec

Questão 90

Questão
Size distortion in radiography can be ___ only.
Responda
  • magnification
  • foreshortening
  • elongation
  • minimization

Questão 91

Questão
What factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Responda
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • mA
  • focal spot size

Questão 92

Questão
If 20 mAs at 100 kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled without altering the remnant beam contrast scale, determine the new technique that should be used. new kVp: [blank_start]100[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]40[blank_end]
Responda
  • 100
  • 40

Questão 93

Questão
which of the following are causes of scatter radiation
Responda
  • high kVp
  • low kVp
  • large part thickness
  • part density
  • large field sizes
  • small field sizes
  • large mAs
  • small mAs

Questão 94

Questão
what is the purpose of a grid
Responda
  • to absorb low energy photons before they reach the IR
  • to absorb scatter before it reaches IR
  • to reflect scatter away from IR
  • to absorb primary radiation before it reaches IR

Questão 95

Questão
match the type of grid with its definition [blank_start]Stationary[blank_end] grid: attaches to cassette [blank_start]Reciprocating[blank_end] grid: moves grid back and forth [blank_start]Oscillating[blank_end] grid: move grid plate in circular motion The [blank_start]reciprocating[blank_end] and [blank_start]oscillating[blank_end] grids make up the Potter-Bucky Diaphragm aka the [blank_start]bucky[blank_end]
Responda
  • Stationary
  • Reciprocating
  • Oscillating
  • reciprocating
  • oscillating
  • bucky

Questão 96

Questão
the [blank_start]higher[blank_end] the grid ratio, the more effective the grid is at removing scatter
Responda
  • higher

Questão 97

Questão
We used 10 mAs at 78 kV on a KUB. Convert this non-grid technique to a 10:1 grid [blank_start]50[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]78[blank_end] kV
Responda
  • 50
  • 78

Questão 98

Questão
Convert 60 mAs at 92 kV using a 8:1 grid to an 5:1 grid. [blank_start]30[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]92[blank_end] kV
Responda
  • 30
  • 92

Questão 99

Questão
increased lead content = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = contrast scale [blank_start]shortens[blank_end] = image contrast [blank_start]increases[blank_end]
Responda
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Questão 100

Questão
grid cut off is due to the absorption of
Responda
  • scatter radiation
  • remnant radiation
  • primary radiation
  • secondary radiation

Questão 101

Questão
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(3) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • short axis
  • linear
  • cross-hatch

Questão 102

Questão
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(4) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • parallel
  • focused

Questão 103

Questão
What is the grid radius based on?
Responda
  • SID
  • OID
  • Tube angle
  • Object thickness

Questão 104

Questão
fill out the table and GCF equation, include x in multiplier.
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(5) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • No grid
  • x1
  • 5:1
  • x2
  • 6:1
  • x3
  • 8:1
  • x4
  • 10:1 or 12:1
  • x5
  • 16:1
  • x6
  • mAs2
  • mAs1
  • GCF2
  • GCF1

Questão 105

Questão
What causes the moire effect?
Responda
  • the grid lines are parallel to scan lines of processor
  • the grid lines are perp to scan lines of processor
  • misalignment of the grid and beam
  • incorrect SID used

Questão 106

Questão
This image is an example of
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 15+203711 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Moire effect
  • quantum mottle
  • misalignment of x-ray beam
  • grid inversion

Questão 107

Questão
Match the image with its grid error
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(6) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Grid Radius
  • misalignment/angling of the x-ray beam
  • Inversion of focused grid

Questão 108

Questão
The air gap technique is when OID is [blank_start]increases[blank_end], so scatter on the IR [blank_start]decreases[blank_end]
Responda
  • increased
  • decreased
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Questão 109

Questão
When generator power and rectification increase
Responda
  • quantity of current increases
  • quantity of current decreases
  • quality of current increases
  • quality of current decreases
  • current is not affected

Questão 110

Questão
high frequency generators [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] the ripple of the wave form with each increase in generator power, the exposure rate of the x-ray beam [blank_start]increases[blank_end] These changes [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the effective mA, which allows for a [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] in technique High power generators also [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the average kV Generally, the set mAs could be [blank_start]cut in half[blank_end] when changing from a single phase to a 3 phase/HF
Responda
  • reduce
  • increase
  • don't change
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • cut in half
  • doubled
  • unchanged

Questão 111

Questão
generator power [blank_start]lengthens[blank_end] remnant contrast scale generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] spatial resolution generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] size distortion generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] shape distortion
Responda
  • does not affect
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases

Questão 112

Questão
which of the following are considered inherent filtration
Responda
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Questão 113

Questão
which of the following are considered added filtration
Responda
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Questão 114

Questão
The minimum total filtration equivalent is [blank_start]2.5[blank_end] mm Al - [blank_start]1.5[blank_end] mm of inherent filtration - [blank_start]1[blank_end] mm added filtration
Responda
  • 2.5
  • 1.5
  • 1

Questão 115

Questão
What is the unit for directly measuring x-ray beam penetration
Responda
  • Half-Value Layer
  • Half-Vacancy Layer
  • mm Al
  • mm Hg
  • mm Pb

Questão 116

Questão
A Potter-Bucky diaphragm does not move
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 117

Questão
Higher frequency grids have [blank_start]thinner[blank_end] lead strips
Responda
  • thinner
  • thicker
  • no difference in

Questão 118

Questão
What is the most critical factor in a grid's efficiency?
Responda
  • grid frequency
  • grid ratio
  • lead content of grids
  • grid dimension

Questão 119

Questão
Grid radius is the distance between the grid and the [blank_start]convergence line[blank_end].
Responda
  • convergence line

Questão 120

Questão
Match the term with its definition [blank_start]Grid ratio[blank_end] : the proportion of the height to the width of the interspaced between the lead strips [blank_start]Lead Content of Grid[blank_end] : mass per unit area, as this increases so does the removal of scatter [blank_start]Grid Radius[blank_end]: the distance between the grid and the convergent line or point aka the correct SID [blank_start]Grid Frequency[blank_end]: the number of lead strips counted per inch/cm
Responda
  • Grid ratio
  • Lead Content of Grid
  • Grid Radius
  • Grid Frequency

Questão 121

Questão
What is the purpose of a compensating filter?
Responda
  • balance the exposure
  • dramatically change the contrast scale
  • reduce the remnant beam
  • protect tech from scatter radiation

Questão 122

Questão
Which of the follower are the purposes for field size limitation
Responda
  • minimize radiation exposure to the tech
  • minimize radiation exposure to the patient
  • change subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve image sharpness

Questão 123

Questão
increased collimation (smaller size) = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]shortened[blank_end] contrast scale increased collimation = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure
Responda
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same amount of
  • lengthened
  • shortened
  • same
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same

Questão 124

Questão
match the types of field size limitations
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(8) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • aperture diaphragm
  • cone and cylinder collimator
  • modern collimator

Questão 125

Questão
The purpose of PBL is
Responda
  • to allow techs to not worry about collimation
  • ensure the field size is never larger than cassette
  • allow for easy collimation
  • automatically set field size

Questão 126

Questão
label
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 16+132208 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • first stage shutters
  • collimator housing
  • second stage long shutters
  • second stage cross shutters
  • useful beam
  • image receptor
  • off-focus radiation
  • mirror
  • focal spot
  • anode

Questão 127

Questão
Positive Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiopaque[blank_end] ([blank_start]white[blank_end]) -Based upon [blank_start]Barium or Iodine[blank_end] Negative Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiolucent[blank_end] ([blank_start]black[blank_end]) -Are all [blank_start]gasses[blank_end]
Responda
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • Barium or Iodine
  • Barium or Calcium
  • Lead or Tungsten
  • Tungsten or Molybdenum
  • Calcium or Iodine
  • Barium or Tungsten
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • gasses
  • water
  • tissues
  • bones
  • barium
  • iodine

Questão 128

Questão
Additive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiopacity of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]increased[blank_end] technique Destructive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiolucency of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] technique
Responda
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same

Questão 129

Questão
which of the following are additive diseases
Responda
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Questão 130

Questão
which of the following are destructive diseases
Responda
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Questão 131

Questão
For soft tissue techniques, kVp is
Responda
  • increased by 20%
  • decreased by 20%
  • remains the same as C-spine

Questão 132

Questão
For patients with a fiberglass cast/splint, the technique may be altered by
Responda
  • an increase in mAs by 50%
  • an increase in mAs by 20%
  • an increase in mAs by 8%
  • an increase in kVp by 50%
  • an increase in kVp by 20%
  • an increase in kVp by 8%

Questão 133

Questão
the longer the SID, the [blank_start]sharper[blank_end] the detail the longer the SID, the [blank_start]less[blank_end] magnification the longer the SID, the [blank_start]no effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Responda
  • sharper
  • fuzzier
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on

Questão 134

Questão
fill in the formula for the inverse square law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • I1
  • I2
  • (D2)^2
  • (d1)^2

Questão 135

Questão
fill in the formula for the exposure maintenance law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • mAs1
  • mAs2
  • (D1)^2
  • (D2)^2

Questão 136

Questão
Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] Scatter = [blank_start]shorter[blank_end] contrast scale Increased OID = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] sharpness Increased OID = [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] magnification Increased OID = [blank_start]No effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Responda
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • shorter
  • longer
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on

Questão 137

Questão
If 40 mAs at 76 kVp is used and the amount of exposure needs to be cut in half, determine the new technique that should be used if you want to use the 15% rule. round to 1 decimal place if necessary [blank_start]64.6[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]40[blank_end] mAs
Responda
  • 64.6
  • 40

Questão 138

Questão
If 80mAs at 70kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled and the remnant beam scale of contrast lengthened, determine the new technique that should be used. round to one decimal if necessary new kVp: [blank_start]80.5[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]80[blank_end]
Responda
  • 80.5
  • 80

Questão 139

Questão
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. round to 1 decimal place if necessary new kVp to double IR exposure: [blank_start]74.8[blank_end] new kVp to halve IR exposure: [blank_start]55.3[blank_end]
Responda
  • 74.8
  • 55.3

Questão 140

Questão
Volume of the irradiated tissue increases as
Responda
  • field size decreases
  • patient thickness increases
  • mAs decrease
  • all answers are correct

Questão 141

Questão
The half-value layer (HVL) is used to measure
Responda
  • mAs level
  • the penetrability of the xray beam
  • the grid ratio
  • the amount of xrays in the beam

Questão 142

Questão
Photon absorption within the body occurs as the result of
Responda
  • compton interactions
  • scatter radiation
  • photoelectric interaction
  • all answers are correct

Questão 143

Questão
The [blank_start]____[blank_end] the photon energy, the [blank_start]____[blank_end] the percentage of interactions that will be Compton interactions.
Responda
  • higher
  • lower
  • higher
  • lower
  • unaffected

Questão 144

Questão
If OID increases, the remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]_________________[blank_end].
Responda
  • lengthens
  • shortens
  • is unaffected

Questão 145

Questão
The computer distinguishes the anatomy of interest from background exposure outside collimated field during:
Responda
  • exposure
  • automated field recognition
  • automated rescaling
  • field uniformity corrections

Questão 146

Questão
How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as
Responda
  • contrast resolution
  • brightness
  • spatial resolution
  • density

Questão 147

Questão
In generic digital imaging terms, the average brightness level of the image is called the:
Responda
  • window level
  • window width
  • density
  • scale of contrast

Questão 148

Questão
In a digital image histogram graph, the vertical height of any data point along the plotted curve (measured against the y axis of the graph), indicates the:
Responda
  • image contrast
  • pixel value (brightness)
  • number of pixels possessing the value
  • S1

Questão 149

Questão
A barium study projection will likely require the computer to locate both Smin and Smax.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 150

Questão
On an image histogram, an unusual spike to the left of the main bell-shaped lobe of the curve most likely represents:
Responda
  • osteoporosis
  • background exposure
  • a large metallic object
  • air in the lungs

Questão 151

Questão
Dependent on the manufacturer’s algorithm, a value of interest (VOI) can accentuate a certain tissue thickness or bone.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 152

Questão
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Responda
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the resolution of the image
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • all answers are correct

Questão 153

Questão
Which of the following is an example of a Field Uniformity Correction?
Responda
  • creation of a best fit line for the raw detector data
  • a flattening of the histogram curve as needed
  • application of a kernel across the matrix
  • evening out of brightness to account for irregularities in the hardware of the IT across the image field

Questão 154

Questão
Many imaging systems present the histogram with an averaged gray scale curve overlying the histogram. The steeper the slope:
Responda
  • lighter the image
  • the darker the image
  • longer the image gray scale
  • higher the image contrast

Questão 155

Questão
Digital radiography images that are underexposed have a high SNR.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 156

Questão
The development of which of the following enabled DR systems to use a flat-shaped receptor plate:
Responda
  • photostimulable phosphor plates
  • thin-film transistors (TFTs)
  • the photomultiplier tube
  • CCDs

Questão 157

Questão
In digital imaging processing, what is segmentation?
Responda
  • a graph plotting signal intensity for each pixel
  • identification of the exposed area of the IR
  • the anatomy on which the exam is performed
  • a look up table

Questão 158

Questão
Generally speaking, the smaller the pixels, the higher the spatial resolution.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 159

Questão
Which of the following terms, all contractions, most accurately describes the individual hardware elements of a DR flat panel receptor that detect radiation in the remnant x-ray beam?
Responda
  • the dexel
  • the pixel
  • the voxel
  • the rexel

Questão 160

Questão
The selection of a narrow window width will:
Responda
  • decrease the size of each pixel
  • decrease overall brightness of the image
  • increase contrast in the image
  • increase magnification of the central portion of the image

Questão 161

Questão
Which of the following modalities create images with the highest spatial resolution?
Responda
  • ct
  • nuclear medicine
  • ultrasound
  • digital radiography

Questão 162

Questão
Adjustment of the window width of the image will change
Responda
  • the brightness of the image
  • the level of IR exposure
  • the spatial resolution of the image
  • the scale of contrast of the image

Questão 163

Questão
The smaller the pixels, the lower the spatial resolution.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 164

Questão
For digital imaging, each image displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the:
Responda
  • signal plate
  • display table
  • matrix
  • detector array

Questão 165

Questão
In digital radiography, image contrast displayed on the monitor is controlled exclusively by kilovoltage.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 166

Questão
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Responda
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the spatial resolution in the image
  • all answers are correct
  • no answers are correct

Questão 167

Questão
A system with a high S/N ratio displays:
Responda
  • low noise and high signal
  • low signal and high noise
  • equal amounts of signal and noise
  • no signal and no noise

Questão 168

Questão
Scatter radiation adds exposure to the image receptor.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 169

Questão
Which factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Responda
  • kVp
  • mA
  • time
  • focal spot size

Questão 170

Questão
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Questão 171

Questão
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Responda
  • characteristic
  • photoelectric
  • brems
  • compton

Questão 172

Questão
As kVp increases,
Responda
  • scatter increases
  • remnant beam contrast scale lengthens
  • all answers are correct
  • image receptor exposure increases

Questão 173

Questão
The amount of scatter reaching the image receptor is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
Responda
  • SID
  • Amount of Collimation
  • kVp
  • grid ratio

Questão 174

Questão
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Responda
  • greater the resolution
  • greater amount of shades of gray in the image
  • shorter acquisition time
  • all answers are correct

Questão 175

Questão
The higher the DQE, the higher the dose required to get an optimal image.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 176

Questão
As the lead content of a grid increases,
Responda
  • image receptor exposure increases
  • the contrast decreases
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter increases.
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter decreases

Questão 177

Questão
In production of a radiograph, which of the following is considered the controlling factor of beam penetration and remnant beam scale of contrast?
Responda
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • time
  • filtration

Questão 178

Questão
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Responda
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Questão 179

Questão
Image level parameters (window level) control image
Responda
  • brightness
  • contrast
  • density
  • darkness

Questão 180

Questão
All of the following are true of pixel pitch except:
Responda
  • it is measured from center-center of pixels
  • it is affected by changes in the matrix size
  • it is determined by the size of the dels in flat panel systems
  • it is not related to spatial resolution

Questão 181

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a component of a detector element?
Responda
  • capacitor
  • charged coupled device
  • semiconductor layer
  • thin film transistor

Questão 182

Questão
A phosphor screen or scintillator
Responda
  • fluoresces when exposed to light
  • fluoresces when exposed to xrays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to x-rays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to light

Questão 183

Questão
The percentage of the surface area of a flat panel detector element devoted to the semiconductor layer is:
Responda
  • DQE
  • Fill factor
  • detector ratio
  • capacitance

Questão 184

Questão
The purpose of the ADC is to convert the _______ signal to a _________ signal.
Responda
  • analog; digital
  • digital; analog
  • analog; detector
  • acquired; detected
  • detector; digital

Questão 185

Questão
Digital radiography images that are underexposed can show quantum mottle.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 186

Questão
In a DR flat panel image receptor, which electronic devices directly account for the plate’s ability to store a latent image until it is sent into the computer?
Responda
  • capacitor
  • tfts
  • data lines
  • gate lines
  • semiconductor layer

Questão 187

Questão
An x-ray unit with a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of 0.2 is said to have perfect contrast resolution.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 188

Questão
What is the size of each pixel for an image with a 1024x1024 matrix using a 30x30 cm field of view:
Responda
  • 30 cm
  • 0.3 mm
  • 3 cm
  • 3 mm

Questão 189

Questão
The ratio of SID to SOD is the primary control for:
Responda
  • magnification
  • shape distortion
  • scatter production
  • sharpness of recorded detail

Questão 190

Questão
In a DR flat panel image receptor, most of the square area of each del is dedicated to what portion of the detector element:
Responda
  • the semiconductor layer
  • the gate lines
  • the capacitors
  • the tfts

Questão 191

Questão
The ionization chamber AEC is located behind the IR on the wall Bucky.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 192

Questão
As matrix size increases, the image's spatial resolution increases.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 193

Questão
Direct conversion digital imaging systems include which of the following?
Responda
  • CCD
  • PSP
  • amorphous Se tft
  • amorphous Si tft

Questão 194

Questão
A CMOS imaging system would have
Responda
  • microlens optics
  • charged couple arrays
  • amorphous selenium
  • a helium red laser

Questão 195

Questão
Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps to digitization of an analog image?
Responda
  • Sampling
  • Quantization
  • Scanning
  • Initiation

Questão 196

Questão
The maximum range of pixel values a hardware device can store is:
Responda
  • voxel depth
  • bit depth
  • gray scale
  • gray level

Questão 197

Questão
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] - Use small focal spot: [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 4mm Al: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] -Use 4 seconds: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Responda
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change

Questão 198

Questão
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will IR exposure be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 2.0 seconds: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] - Use 60" SID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end]- Use 90 kVp: [blank_start]increased[blank_end]
Responda
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change

Questão 199

Questão
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 500 mA 2.5 sec 130 kVp 36" SID 6" OID 2000x1000 matrix size Window Width = 800 No grid 5x8 collimated field size small focal spot 3mm Al 0.1mm pixel size Window Level = 65 Changes are proposed below. In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Collimate to 10x10; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use a grid; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 72" SID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 1" OID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] -Window level = 165; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 3600x3600 matrix size; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 0.1cm pixel size; [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Responda
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • decrease
  • increase
  • n/a

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