40046920
Descrição
Quiz por Mara Ramallo Martínez, atualizado aproximadamente 2 meses atrás
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Criado por Mara Ramallo Martínez
aproximadamente 2 meses atrás
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|
Questão 1
Questão
Which type of memory is characterized by a "bottom-up" process, does not require conscious thought, and includes daily habits and motor skills?
Responda
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Semantic memory
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Episodic memory
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Implicit memory
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Short-term memory
Questão 2
Questão
What type of memory was preserved in patient H.M. despite severe anterograde amnesia?
Responda
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Semantic memory
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Episodic memory
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Implicit memory
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Verbal short-term memory
Questão 3
Questão
Damage to which brain region is most associated with anterograde amnesia due to impaired memory consolidation?
Responda
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Frontal lobe
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Hippocampus
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Amygdala
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Occipital lobe
Questão 4
Questão
The "30-second memory" exhibited by patient C.W. following herpes simplex encephalitis is an example of:
Responda
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Anterograde amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia
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Implicit memory loss
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Semantic memory loss
Questão 5
Questão
In cases of Korsakoff's syndrome, which symptom is most prominent?
Responda
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Low verbal fluency
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Confabulation and apathy
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Diminished emotional memory
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Preservation of episodic memory
Questão 6
Questão
Which type of amnesia is characterized by difficulty in retrieving older, established memories?
Responda
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Anterograde amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia
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Semantic memory impairment
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Episodic memory impairment
Questão 7
Questão
Damage to the left temporal lobe typically results in:
Responda
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Problems with recognizing faces and nonverbal material.
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Impairments in processing verbal material and language.
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Enhanced musical recognition abilities.
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Spatial orientation deficits.
Questão 8
Questão
Wernicke’s aphasia is best described by which of the following symptoms?
Responda
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Slow, non-fluent speech with good comprehension.
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Fluent speech with poor comprehension and nonsensical output.
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Impaired ability to repeat words but good understanding.
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Inability to write or read with intact speech.
Questão 9
Questão
Which area is primarily affected in Broca’s aphasia, leading to speech production difficulties?
Responda
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Superior temporal gyrus
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Posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus
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Primary visual cortex
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Parietal lobe
Questão 10
Questão
What distinguishes global aphasia from other language disorders?
Responda
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Fluent speech with naming difficulties.
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Preservation of repetition ability.
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Severe impairment in both speech comprehension and production.
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Isolated impairment in reading and writing.
Questão 11
Questão
The dual pathways model of language suggests that:
Responda
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The dorsal pathway is mainly involved in processing emotional prosody.
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The ventral pathway is responsible for transforming sound into motor representation.
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Both pathways are restricted to the left hemisphere.
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The dorsal pathway processes syntax, while the ventral pathway processes semantic information.
Questão 12
Questão
Which neural structure is crucial for the emotional 'coloring' of memories and can influence the consolidation of emotionally charged events?
Responda
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Hippocampus
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Amygdala
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PFC
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Superior temporal gyrus
Questão 13
Questão
Which brain regions are primarily involved in working memory tasks that require holding and manipulating information?
Responda
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Temporal lobe and amygdala
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Hippocampus and occipital lobe
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Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal association areas
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Medial temporal lobe and brainstem
Questão 14
Questão
Retrograde amnesia associated with Alzheimer’s disease typically results from damage to:
Responda
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The primary sensory cortex.
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The lateral temporal cortex and posterior association areas.
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The cerebellum.
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The frontal eye fields.
Questão 15
Questão
Transcortical motor aphasia differs from Broca's aphasia primarily by:
Responda
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Preserved repetition ability but impaired spontaneous speech.
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Fluent speech with poor comprehension.
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Complete loss of comprehension and speech production.
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Severe word-finding difficulties with intact speech production.
Questão 16
Questão
Conduction aphasia results from damage to which structure that connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
Responda
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Superior temporal gyrus
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Arcuate fasciculus
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Insula
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Basal ganglio
Questão 17
Questão
A patient with anterograde amnesia would likely experience which of the following?
Responda
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Difficulty recalling past events before a traumatic incident.
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Problems forming new long-term memories after an injury.
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Inability to maintain focus on short-term tasks.
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Enhanced ability to recall recent events but impaired memory for older events.
Questão 18
Questão
Which part of the frontal lobe is involved in integrating emotional and social cues for decision-making and impulse control?
Responda
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Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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Orbitofrontal cortex
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Primary motor cortex
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Supplementary motor area
Questão 19
Questão
Wernicke's area is primarily located at the boundary between which two lobes?
Responda
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Frontal and parietal lobes
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Temporal and occipital lobes
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Temporal and parietal lobes
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Parietal and occipital lobes
Questão 20
Questão
The MUC model of language suggests that Broca’s area is involved in:
Responda
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Only the production of speech.
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Only the comprehension of spoken language.
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Memory, unification, and control processes.
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Processing non-verbal cues like prosody.
Questão 21
Questão
Aprosodia, or the loss of tone in speech, is most commonly associated with damage to:
Responda
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Broca's area.
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The right hemisphere.
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The left temporal lobe.
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The cerebellum.
Questão 22
Questão
Declarative (explicit) memory depends on which key structure for initial encoding and retrieval?
Responda
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Basal ganglia
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Hippocampus
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Cerebellum
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Primary motor cortex
Questão 23
Questão
Semantic memory differs from episodic memory in that:
Responda
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It involves detailed, personal experiences bound by time and place.
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It requires the amygdala for emotional processing.
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It consists of general knowledge and facts without a time context.
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It is primarily processed by the occipital lobe.
Questão 24
Questão
Anomic aphasia is characterized by:
Responda
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Fluent speech with difficulty understanding language.
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Good comprehension but severe word-finding problems.
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Non-fluent speech with intact repetition ability.
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Inability to recognize faces.
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following is a defining feature of pure aphasias?
Responda
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They typically involve both speech and comprehension difficulties.
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They are associated with isolated impairments in reading, writing, or word recognition.
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They result in complete mutism.
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They include deficits in both motor and sensory language functions.
Questão 26
Questão
The prefrontal cortex contributes to memory primarily through its role in:
Responda
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Encoding long-term emotional memories.
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Retrieving spatial and visual details from past events.
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Managing working memory and directing attention.
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Storing procedural memories for motor tasks.
Questão 27
Questão
Retrograde amnesia affecting older memories suggests damage to:
Responda
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The hippocampus exclusively.
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Lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortices.
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The cerebellum.
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The frontal lobe's executive function regions.
Questão 28
Questão
H.M.’s case provided crucial evidence that:
Responda
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The amygdala is essential for all types of memory formation.
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The medial temporal lobes are critical for forming new explicit memories.
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Implicit memory relies solely on the frontal lobes
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Episodic and semantic memories are stored in the basal ganglia.
Questão 29
Questão
In cases of aphasia following a right hemisphere lesion, a patient may primarily struggle with:
Responda
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Understanding complex syntax.
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Controlling speech production.
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Using context for interpreting discourse and detecting prosody.
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Repeating phrases accurately.
Questão 30
Questão
Which feature distinguishes emotional memory from other memory types?
Responda
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It requires only the hippocampus for proper function.
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It has both explicit and implicit components and often involves the amygdala.
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It is stored in the occipital cortex.
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It relies solely on procedural pathways involving the basal ganglia.
Questão 31
Questão
Topographic amnesia, or the inability to remember spatial locations, is often due to damage in the:
Responda
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Anterior cingulate cortex.
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Posterior parietal cortex.
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Medial temporal lobe.
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Basal ganglia.
Questão 32
Questão
Primary progressive aphasia differs from other aphasias by:
Responda
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Being caused by acute trauma like a stroke.
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Gradually impairing language functions over time due to neurodegenerative disease.
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Resulting exclusively from a left occipital lesion.
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Preserving all aspects of language production and comprehension.
Questão 33
Questão
Emotional memory is most vivid and long-lasting when:
Responda
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It is processed with minimal activation of the amygdala.
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The hippocampus is entirely bypassed.
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The event triggers significant amygdala activation alongside other memory structures.
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It relies solely on implicit memory pathways.
Questão 34
Questão
Herpes simplex encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe often results in:
Responda
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Selective procedural memory deficits.
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Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
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Preserved short-term memory but impaired episodic memory.
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Enhanced ability to encode emotional memories.
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