404302
Descrição
Quiz por gina_evans0312, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por gina_evans0312
quase 11 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
What is a primary event?
Responda
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The conversion of a normal cell to a transformed cell
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The conversion of a normal cell to a tumgeric cell
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The conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene
Questão 2
Questão
What example of primary event is found in Burkitt's Lymphomoma?
Responda
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Gross DNA change- Chrimosomal translocation
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Gross DNA change- Chromsomal deletion
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Gross DNA change- Chromosomal insertion
Questão 3
Questão
What occurs to the DNA in Burkett's Lymphoma?
Responda
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The C-myc transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
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The C-jun transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
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The Erk transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
Questão 4
Questão
Which chromosomes fuse to form the Philadelphia chromosome?
Responda
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9 & 22
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7 & 13
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6 & 10
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12 & 21
Questão 5
Questão
The loss of what chromosome causes retinoblastoma?
Responda
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13
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11
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19
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10
Questão 6
Questão
Name all of the gross DNA changes that can cause oncogenes to form?
Responda
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Chromosome insertion
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Chromosome deletion
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Chromosomal translocatiion
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Chromosome fusion
Questão 7
Questão
In Small Lung Lymphatic Lymphoma, what chromosome gains an extra copy?
Responda
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12
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1
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7
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16
Questão 8
Questão
Can deletions and additions occur in the same tumor?
Responda
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Yes
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No
Questão 9
Questão
A cancer is called a sarcoma- from what type of cell did it arise?
Responda
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Muscle
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Skin
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Connective
Questão 10
Questão
Leukaemia's are unusual proliferations of what type of cell?
Responda
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Blood
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Liver
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Kidney
Questão 11
Questão
What differentiates a normal mole from a potential melanoma?
Responda
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Moles are contained by capsules
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Moles are smaller than melanomas
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Moles have a regular/symmetrical shape
Questão 12
Questão
When do normal cells cease to divide?
Responda
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When they have terminally differentiated
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When subject to stress/DNA damage
Questão 13
Questão
Telomere's are shortened every time the cell replicates- what is this thought to contribute to?
Responda
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The Hayflick limit
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Cancer cell formation
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Cell immortality
Questão 14
Questão
How are cancer cells thought to evade the Hayflick limit?
Responda
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Use of telomerase to extend telomeres
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Use of telomeric synthase to extend telomeres
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Use of telomere synthase to extend telomeres
Questão 15
Questão
The condition or process of deterioration with age- what is this defining?
Responda
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Mortality
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Tumergic emergence
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Senescence
Questão 16
Questão
The occurence of cancer rises steeply as people..
Responda
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Age
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Gain weight
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Become less self sufficient
Questão 17
Questão
What is considered (usually) to be the first mutation in a tumor forming cell
Responda
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Increased cell proliferation
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Survival in low O2 environments
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Production of cytotoxic chemicals
Questão 18
Questão
What is an essential requirement for tumor cell formation
Responda
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Genetic instability
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No seriously, otherwise they just stay normal cells
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And don't mutate further
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It's kinda obvious, if you think about it
Questão 19
Questão
Can a cell become too unstable genetically to survive?
Responda
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Yes
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No
Questão 20
Questão
What is the difference between carcino and mutagenesis?
Responda
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Carcinogenesis- generation of cancer Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence
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Carcinogenesis- Generation of cancer Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence caused by a carcinogen
Questão 21
Questão
Why is Nitroform a direct carcinogen?
Responda
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It can damage DNA in it's present form (needn't be altered by metabolism)
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Can cause the immediate appearance of tumergic cells
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Can cause the appearence of more than one mutation at once
Questão 22
Questão
Why is Aflatoxin not a direct carcinogen?
Responda
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It must be metabollically altered before binding to Guanine in DNA
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It must bind to other chemicals before binding to Guanine in DNA
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It must be imported directly into the nucleus before binding to Guanine in DNA
Questão 23
Questão
What is the AMES test used for?
Responda
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To detect mutagenic properties
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To detect mutated cells
Questão 24
Questão
Name the three components of the AMES test
Responda
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Possible mutagen
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Possible carcinogen
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Histadine dependent salmonella
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Lysine dependent salmonella
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Homogenised liver extract
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Homogenised stomach extract
Questão 25
Questão
The cells in an AMES test are placed on an Agar plate lacking what?
Responda
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Histadine
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Lysine
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Guanine
Questão 26
Questão
Tumor promoters act synergystically with what?
Responda
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Carcinogens
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Cell proliferation
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Mutagens
Questão 27
Questão
Do tumor promoters directly alter DNA?
Responda
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Yes
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No
Questão 28
Questão
In tests, which had to be added first to promote tumor growth?
Responda
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The initiator- which causes DNA damage
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The promoter- which causes cell proliferation
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Either- it doesn't matter
Questão 29
Questão
What happens when, after the initiator is added, the promoter is added slowly?
Responda
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No tumor forms
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A tumor forms
Questão 30
Questão
Why is rapid cell proliferation required after mutation?
Responda
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It reactivates genes potentially silenced by initiator damage
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Forces the expression of damaged genes
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Because it does
Questão 31
Questão
Name the factors that don't influence cancer cell formation
Responda
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Basic Bodily functions i.e the production of O2 radicals
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Smoking
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Environment
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Diet
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Reproductive life
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Disease
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