4222113
Questão 1
Questão
__________ brace and anchor neurons to capillaries
Responda
-
microglia
-
astrocytes
-
ependymal
-
schwann
-
satellite
Questão 2
Questão
Choose the correct phrase
Responda
-
nerves are found in the PNS
-
tracts are almost entirely in the PNS
-
cranial nerves are found within the brain
-
gray matter is only in the cerebral cortex
-
white matter is only found in the brain
Questão 3
Questão
Choose the correct phrase about sensory neurons
Responda
-
the action potential of the central process flows toward the cell body
-
the peripheral process is closest to the CNS
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the receptive endings are found on the peripheral process
-
most sensory neurons are bipolar
-
the cell body is wrapped by Schwann cells
Questão 4
Questão
Scenario: a neuron is being measured at -20mV and the voltage is increasing. Which is true?
Responda
-
potassium gates must be closed
-
it now requires a larger than normal graded potential to cause an action potential
-
a state of hyperpolarization exists
-
the cell would fire an action potential less easily
-
opening the potassium gates would depolarize the cell
Questão 5
Questão
Which is an all-or-none events?
Responda
-
receptor potentials
-
excitatory postsynaptic potentials
-
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
-
action potentials
-
all but one of these is graded
Questão 6
Questão
Which is true?
Responda
-
sodium gates open at +30 mV
-
potassium gates close at +30 mV
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100 mV is required to open axonal calcium gates
-
opening sodium gates hyperpolarizes a neuron
-
potassium gates close to hyperpolarize a neuron
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following is a positive feedback process?
Responda
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receptor potential
-
EPSP
-
IPSP
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action potential
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all of these are positive feedback
Questão 8
Questão
Choose the correct phrase
Responda
-
the conduction velocity of axons is 100 meters per second
-
unmyelinated axons are faster because the myelin is obstructive
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the action potential is smaller in shorter axons
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absolute refractory occurs after relative refractory
-
saltatory conduction occurs in unmyelinated axons
Questão 9
Questão
What would happen if we blocked presynaptic calcium gates from opening?
Responda
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presynaptic action potentials would never occur
-
presynaptic chemically sensitive gates would never open
-
postsynaptic potentials would not occur
-
the postsynaptic axon hillock would experience 5 mV stimulus
-
AChEase would not be able to keep up with the excess ACh
Questão 10
Questão
Choose the correct phrase about REM
Responda
-
also called slow wave sleep
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occurs after slow wave sleep has been achieved
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most nightmares occur during this phase of sleep
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oxygen consumption is slightly less than in NREM
-
occurs between stages 2 and 3 of NREM
Questão 11
Questão
Parkinsonism is the result of a problem in the
Responda
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medulla
-
cerebellum
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diencephalon
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midbrain
-
spinal cord
Questão 12
Questão
Important control centers for cardiac, respiration and blood pressure function are located in the
Responda
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medulla oblongata
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thalamus
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pons
-
cerebellum
-
midbrain
Questão 13
Questão
Where do we find the superior colliculi?
Responda
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brain stem
-
medulla
-
pons
-
diencephalon
-
thalamus
Questão 14
Questão
The limbic system is associated with
Responda
-
controlling heart rate
-
emotions
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precise motor activity
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maintaining consciousness
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relaying sensory impulses to the sensory map
Questão 15
Questão
Which structure controls sleep/wake cycles?
Responda
-
epithalamus
-
brain stem
-
hypothalamus
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pituitary gland
-
substantia nigra
Questão 16
Questão
The axonal connections between gyri of opposite hemispheres are called
Responda
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commissural
-
interventricular
-
projection
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association
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ascending and descending
Questão 17
Questão
Scenario: a person had a stroke affecting the left prefrontal cortex. As a result
Responda
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sensations will not be felt on the left side of the body
-
sensations will not be felt on the right side of the body
-
problems moving left side effectors will occur
-
the person cannot hear from their right ear or see to their left
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there may be problem with complex learning and intellect
Questão 18
Questão
Which is true about Broca's area?
Responda
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is the main motor relay center
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controls the substantia nigra
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relays auditory reflexes
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is also called the language area
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controls some neck muscles
Questão 19
Questão
Choose the correct phrase
Responda
-
motor impulses are ascending
-
sensory impulses are efferent
-
association neurons typically possess central and peripheral processes
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sensory cell bodies are located in the CNS
-
some motor cell bodies are located in CNS nuclei
Questão 20
Questão
What happens to pressure in the ventricular system if the cerebral aqueduct is blocked?
Responda
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pressure falls in the 3rd ventricle
-
pressure rises in the 4th ventricle
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no change in pressure
-
pressure rises in the 3rd, but falls in the laterals
-
pressure rises in the laterals
Questão 21
Questão
Which of the following is correct?
Responda
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ACh is a neurotransmitter found only in the peripheral nervous system
-
ACh is only classified by structure or function, but not by both
-
biogenic amines are found in most PNS circuits
-
metabotropic neurotransmitters use intracellular second messengers
-
more than one of these is correct
Questão 22
Questão
A __________ is a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS
Responda
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nerve
-
pyramidal cell
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ganglion
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nucleus
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tract
Questão 23
Questão
Which of the following is correct about a resting neuron?
Responda
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the sodium/potassium pumps are always running
-
potassium constantly leaks into the cell
-
sodium is always leaking out of the cell
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the calcium pump maintains resting ion levels
-
calcium is found in the SR
Questão 24
Questão
__________ waves are seen when concentrating
Responda
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alpha
-
beta
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theta
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delta
-
gamma
Questão 25
Questão
Which is a way the numerical value of the resting membrane potential can be expressed?
Responda
-
the inside of the fiber is 70mV
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the outside of the fiber is -70mV
-
the inside of the fiber is 70mV more positive than the outside
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the outside of the fiber is 70mV more positive than the inside
-
none of these conditions is correct
Questão 26
Questão
Which one of the following is true about memory?
Responda
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almost unlimited data can be stored in STM
-
Na+ channel blockers helps memory
-
LTM neurons have different mRNA
-
LTM is limited to 7-8 bits of information
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slight parasympathetic dominance helps memory processes
Questão 27
Questão
The membrane potential of a resting neuron is maintained by
Responda
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Na+ gates
-
an active process
-
diffusion
-
passive forces
-
osmosis
Questão 28
Questão
A neurotransmitter that increases postsynaptic permeability to potassium results in
Responda
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an EPSP
-
an IPSP
-
stabilization of sodium and potassium levels
-
a refractory period that lasts up to 2 seconds
-
breakdown of the all-or-none principle
Questão 29
Questão
During the absolute refractory period a second action potential can be produced
Responda
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when the second stimulus is larger than the threshold
-
when the second stimulus is less than the 20mV
-
if multiple stimuli are given in a short duration
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under no circumstances
-
if the cell is hyperpolarized
Questão 30
Questão
Which best defines the concept: summation?
Responda
-
neurotransmitter combines with a receptor on a postsynaptic neuron
-
several IPSPs have just reached threshold level
-
the effect of graded potentials are added together
-
the presynaptic neuron summates all of its vesicles
-
adding the total number of neurons in a specific circuit
Questão 31
Questão
What eventually happens when action potentials reach the axon terminals of an EPSP neuron?
Responda
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calcium gates will open in the terminals
-
summation will always result
-
an action potential occurs in the postsynaptic dendrite
-
a single IPSP will always result
-
calcium exocytosis will cause neurotransmitter release
Questão 32
Questão
__________are small oval shaped phagocytes
Responda
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astrocytes
-
microglial
-
ependymal
-
satellite cells
-
oligodendrocytes
Questão 33
Questão
Which of the following is most correct?
Responda
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the magnitude or size of the action potential is +30 mV
-
all axons send graded potentials to their terminals
-
action potentials must reach the axon hillock in order to start an action potential
-
20 mV must reach the axon hillock in order to start an action potential
-
it takes 20 mV to cause an action potential in a hyperpolarized cell
Questão 34
Questão
Select the correct statement
Responda
-
diverging circuits are amplifying circuits
-
converging circuits are common in sensory and motor pathways
-
parallel after discharge circuits are involved in problem solving skills
-
reverbrating circuits are circular pathways
-
all of these are true
Questão 35
Questão
Select the correct statement
Responda
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a single neuron can release all types of neurotransmitters
-
gray matter is considered to be a tract
-
unmyelinated neurons are insulated from one another
-
a receptor potential is exactly like an action potential
-
Schwann cells build the endoneurium
Questão 36
Questão
Which is true about presynaptic inhibition?
Responda
-
increases the graded potential delivered to the postsynaptic cell
-
will reduce the graded potential experienced by the postsynaptic cell
-
increases parasympathetic neurotransmitter release
-
affects the amount of AChEase released
-
works just like a generator potential
Questão 37
Questão
Which is the best way to repolarize a neuron?
Responda
-
open sodium gates
-
use a sodium/potassium pump
-
open potassium gates
-
open both sodium and potassium gates at the same time
-
open chemically sensitive potassium gates
Questão 38
Questão
Select the correct statement
Responda
-
chemically sensitive gates are found in synapses
-
chemically sensitive sodium gates are found in axon membrane
-
due to diffusion, sodium wants to flow out of a normal neuron
-
chemically sensitive potassium gates are found in the axonal endings
-
calcium gates are mostly found in the postsynaptic dendrite
Questão 39
Questão
What happens if we reverse the wires on a meter that is measuring resting potential in a neuron?
Responda
-
the meter remains at -70 mV
-
the meter now reads +70 mV
-
the meter reads zero mV
-
the meter would jump to +30 mV
-
the meter indicates a hyperpolarized state
Questão 40
Questão
Which is true about graded potentials?
Responda
-
occur on axons and dendrites
-
are sometimes 100 mV in magnitude
-
they are considered all-or-none
-
their magnitude is typically -50 mV
-
could be 15 mV in magnitude
Questão 41
Questão
Choose the correct phrase
Responda
-
motor impulses are considered ascending
-
association circuits are exclusively in the spinal cord
-
activating glands is an afferent function
-
somatic pathways activate cardiac muscle
-
autonomic impulses control smooth muscle
Questão 42
Questão
Which cell is associated with multiple sclerosis?
Responda
-
ependymal cells
-
Schwann cells
-
satellite cells
-
astrocytes
-
oligodendrocytes
Questão 43
Questão
Schwann cell membrane tightly wrapped around axons is called __________
Responda
-
neurilemma
-
node of Ranvier
-
myelin
-
endoneurium
-
perineurium
Questão 44
Questão
Which is true?
Responda
-
the transverse fissure separates frontal from parietal lobes
-
the central sulcus separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
-
we discussed only two fissures in the human brain
-
the lateral sulcus divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres
-
there are only two sulci
Questão 45
Questão
Which is true?
Responda
-
the dominant hemisphere is considered language dominant
-
the left hemisphere is always dominate
-
a person that is right dominant is always ambidexterous
-
art and music appreciation are attributed to the dominant hemisphere
-
logic, math, reasoning skills are associated with the non-dominant hemisphere
Questão 46
Questão
Scenario: a presynaptic neuron summates three 5 mV EPSPs. What happens?
Responda
-
a 105 mV potential will travel down it's axon
-
axon hillock will send 20 mV to the dendrites
-
100 mV will reach it's axonal endings
-
the postsynaptic cell will not receive neurotransmitter from it
-
postsynaptic dendrites will propagate an action potential
Questão 47
Questão
Which connects the cerebellum to the brain stem?
Responda
-
cerebellar peduncles
-
superior colliculi
-
the pons
-
cerebral peduncles
-
medulla oblongata
Questão 48
Questão
Which is true?
Responda
-
anterograde amnesia is the loss of past memories
-
absence seizures are the most severe form
-
eyes rapidly moving during NREM
-
"consciousness" is the best understood of all neurophysiology
-
tonic-clonic seizures were formerly called grand mal
Questão 49
Questão
Which is the "sensory map" of the body?
Responda
-
Broca's area
-
primary somatosensory cortex
-
somatosensory association cortex
-
prefrontal cortex
-
the general interpretation area
Questão 50
Questão
What would happen to a cell if you destroyed it's Nissl bodies?
Responda
-
it's function would be improved
-
protein production would be affected
-
ion gate function would immediately cease
-
ATP level would increase
-
mitochondria would increase activity to make more protein
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