Pharmacology

The somatic efferent nervous system innervates [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] muscle.

The autonomic nervous system innervates [blank_start]smooth[blank_end] muscle e.g. blood vessels.

The [blank_start]somatic[blank_end] nerves innervate [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] (voluntary) muscles. It consists of [blank_start]one[blank_end] axon all the way from the spinal cord to the muscle ([blank_start]no ganglia[blank_end]). Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter. It acts on [blank_start]nicotinic[blank_end] receptors located on [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] muscle membranes. [blank_start]Nicotinic[blank_end] receptors are linked to a [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] ion channel.

The parasympathetic nervous system has a [blank_start]long[blank_end] pre-ganglionic nerve and a [blank_start]short[blank_end] post-ganglionic nerve. The sympathetic nerve has a [blank_start]short[blank_end] pre-ganglionic nerve and a [blank_start]long[blank_end] post ganglionic nerve. Both pre-ganglionic nerve(s) release [blank_start]ACh[blank_end] to act on nicotinic receptors on post-ganglionic nerve. In the parasympathetic nervous system the post-ganglionic nerves release [blank_start]ACh[blank_end] to act on the muscarinic receptors on effector cells. In the sympathetic nervous system most post-ganglionic nerves release [blank_start]NA[blank_end] to act on the muscarinic receptors on alpha and beta adrenoceptors on effector cells.

Which drugs are nicotinic agonists for nicotinic receptors?

Which are the nicotinic antagonists for nicotinic receptors?

Parasympathetic - rest and digest?

Sympathetic - Fight or Flight?

Put in the correct order: [blank_start]Acetyl CoA and choline[blank_end] combine to form acetylcholine (ACh) [blank_start]Choline acetyl transferase[blank_end] [blank_start]Acetylcholine stored in vesicles[blank_end] [blank_start]Action potential releases ACh[blank_end] [blank_start]ACh acts on nicotinic receptor[blank_end] [blank_start]Opening ion channel[blank_end] ACh action terminated by [blank_start]acetylcholinesterase enzyme[blank_end] [blank_start]Choline reclaimed by nerve ending[blank_end] (rate limiting step in ACh synthesis) Empty vesicles refilled with Ach

Drugs that interfere with processing of Ach: [blank_start]Vesamicol[blank_end] – blocks transfer of Ach into vesicles [blank_start]Botulinum toxin[blank_end] – blocks release of ACh from nerve endings [blank_start]Anticholinesterases[blank_end] – prevent the hydrolysis of ACh by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase [blank_start]Hemicholinium[blank_end] – blocks uptake of choline by NMJ

What does SAR [blank_start]SAR[blank_end] stand for?

What is missing?

Myasthenia Gravis is a rare disease and is an autoimmune disease which attacks what type of receptor?

Why is the ileum of a guinea pig good to test for selectivity?