4321741
Descrição
Quiz por Nadia Siddique, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Nadia Siddique
quase 9 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
The first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is
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Denaturation
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Cooling
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Annealing
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Primer extension
Questão 2
Questão
In a polymerase chain reaction, a synthetic sequence of nucleotides are involved in
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Denaturing
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Heating
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Cooling
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Copying
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All of the above
Questão 3
Questão
Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with
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Ligases
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Endonucleases
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Methylases
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Vectors
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Probes
Questão 4
Questão
When "sticky ends" are paired, they can be joined by
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Restriction Enzymes
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pSC101
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Methylases
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X-gal
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DNA ligase
Questão 5
Questão
One of the most useful methods for identifying a specific gene is
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Western blot
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Southern blot
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Eastern blot
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Thin chromatography
Questão 6
Questão
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to:
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amplify a small amount of DNA
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cleave bacterial plasmids
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seal "sticky ends"
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identify target plasmids
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none of the above
Questão 7
Questão
When tryptophan is present in the medium, the transcription of tryptophan producing genes in E. coli is stopped by a helix-turn-helix regulator binding to the
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trp repressor
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trp operon
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trp promoter
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trp operator
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trp polymerase
Questão 8
Questão
When tryptophan is present in the environment of E. coli, the tryptophan binds to the
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trp operon
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trp promoter
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trp operator
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trp repressor
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trp polymerase
Questão 9
Questão
The operon that controls tryptophan producing genes in E. coli consists of _______________
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activator
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regulator
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promoter
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operator
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repressor
Questão 10
Questão
In order for a gene to be transcribed, RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the genes
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activator
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regulator
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promoter
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operator
-
repressor
Questão 11
Questão
In the function of the lac operon in E. coli, the lac genes are transcribed in the presence of lactose because
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RNA polymerase binds to the operator
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the repressor cannot bind to the promoter
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an isomer of lactose binds to the repressor
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CAP does not bind to the operator
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of the absence of cAMP
Questão 12
Questão
The role of methylation of DNA is now viewed as
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interfering with DNA transcription by blocking base pairing between cytosine and guanine
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complexing with enhancers to prevent transcription
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prevention of mutation
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insuring that genes that are turned off, stay off
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irrelevant to gene transcription
Questão 13
Questão
E. coli is able to use foods other than glucose in the absence of available glucose, because falling levels of glucose cause an increase of
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cAMP
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CAP
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lactase
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glu operon
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tRNA
Questão 14
Questão
In the absence of glucose, E. coli can import lactose to change into glucose and galactose because CAP binds to the
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cAMP
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DNA
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lac operon
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operator
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repressor
Questão 15
Questão
Which is not part of the lac operon?
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repressor
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activator protein
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operator
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promoter
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structural gene
Questão 16
Questão
In an operon the location of the regulatory region occurs ________ the structural genes.
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after
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within
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before
Questão 17
Questão
Which of the following is part of an operon?
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structural genes
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operator
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promoter
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a CAP binding site
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all of the above
Questão 18
Questão
Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to
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promoter
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initiator
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codon
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transcriptor
Questão 19
Questão
In eukaryotes, there are _______________ codons that specify amino acids
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21
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24
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61
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64
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100
Questão 20
Questão
In eukaryotes, the "start" codon also specifies the amino acid,
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phenylalanine
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valine
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methionine
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aspartate
Questão 21
Questão
In transcription, the nucleotide sequence CAT in DNA would specify _______________ in mRNA.
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TAC
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GAU
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CAT
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GTU
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GUA
Questão 22
Questão
The genetic code consists of groups of three nucleotides called
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codons
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introns
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anticodons
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reading frame
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triplets
Questão 23
Questão
The function of tRNA is to
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provide a site for polypeptide synthesis
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transport amino acids to the ribosome
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travel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
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transcribe DNA
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translate DNA
Questão 24
Questão
In the formation of an initiation complex, a _______________ is positioned first.
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met-tRNA
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ser-tRNA
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tyr-rRNA
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mval-tRNA
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cyst-tRNA
Questão 25
Questão
The function of mRNA is to
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provide a site for polypeptide synthesis
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transport amino acids to the ribosome
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travel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
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transcribe DNA
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translate DNA
Questão 26
Questão
The process of _______________ cuts introns from the primary transcript and the final "processed" mRNA is produced.
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RNA cleaving
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RNA translocation
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RNA splicing
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RNA elongation
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RNA releasing
Questão 27
Questão
In the process of translation,
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a strand of mRNA is formed with nucleotide sequences complementary to those of DNA
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nucleotide sequences of tRNA are established
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a polypeptide is formed in response to the rRNA nucleotide sequence
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rRNA is synthesized with sequences complementary to those of tRNA
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a polypeptide is formed as dictated by the nucleotide sequence in mRNA
Questão 28
Questão
In mRNA, the series of nucleotides CCC specifies
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serine
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proline
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alanine
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arginine
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stop
Questão 29
Questão
A molecule of tRNA with the anticodon AAA will transport the amino acid
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phenylalanine
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lysine
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glycine
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leucine
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alanine
Questão 30
Questão
As polypeptides are formed at the ribosome, elongation continues until _______________ is exposed.
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a release factor
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an intron
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a nonsense codon
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an exon
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polypeptidases
Questão 31
Questão
Which one of the following is not a kind of RNA?
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mRNA
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tRNA
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rRNA
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nRNA
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All of the above are kinds of RNA
Questão 32
Questão
The direct result of transcription is
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a duplicate DNA molecule
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nRNA
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protein
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mRNA
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none of the above
Questão 33
Questão
The direct result of translation is
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duplicate DNA
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mRNA
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protein
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nRNA (nuclear RNA)
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none of the above
Questão 34
Questão
Which one of the following is not associated with transcription?
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tRNA
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mRNA
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nRNA
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rRNA
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all of the above
Questão 35
Questão
Which one of the following is not associated with translation?
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tRNA
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mRNA
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rRNA
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anticodons
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All are involved with translation
Questão 36
Questão
According to Chargaff's rule, the following proportion exists in DNA
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A=G
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C=G
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T=G
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A>T
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C>G
Questão 37
Questão
The actual synthesis of DNA in E. coli is the function of
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polymerase I
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primase
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primer
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polymerase III
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ligase
Questão 38
Questão
Since the first nucleotides cannot be linked in a newly synthesized strand in DNA replication, ___________ is required.
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DNA primer
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DNA ligase
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DNA polymerase
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RNA primer
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helicase
Questão 39
Questão
The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by
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finding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
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finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
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finding that radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage had mutated in bacterium
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finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
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finding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
Questão 40
Questão
Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
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the leading strand toward the replication fork
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the lagging strand toward the replication fork
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both strands in both directions
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the leading strand away from the replication fork
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the lagging strand away from the replication fork
Questão 41
Questão
In nucleic acids, the free hydroxyl group is attached to the _______________ carbon of the sugar.
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5'
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4'
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3'
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2'
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1'
Questão 42
Questão
A single enzyme is specified by a single
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gene
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chromosome
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nucleosome
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nucleotide
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histone
Questão 43
Questão
In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by
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ribase
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primase
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deoxase
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helicase
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ligase
Questão 44
Questão
_______________ join DNA fragments to the lagging strand
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telomeres
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centromeres
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helicases
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ligases
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polymerases
Questão 45
Questão
Which statement about the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication is correct?
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It is synthesized in a 3' --> 5' direction.
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It progresses (grows) toward the replication fork
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It requires a short RNA primer to proceed.
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It is synthesized by DNA ligase
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It is synthesized continuously
Questão 46
Questão
If one side of a DNA molecule contains the following sequence of nucleotides, AGTCCG, the complementary sequence on the other side would be:
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GCCTGA
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AGTCCG
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TCAGGC
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CTGAAT
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none of the above
Questão 47
Questão
During your summer job at Virotech, you isolate a previously unknown virus. Analysis of its genome reveals that it is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14% T (thymine). Based on this information, what would you predict the %C (cytosine) to be?
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14%
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28%
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36%
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72%
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can't tell!
Questão 48
Questão
The process of acquiring a gene from another organism is called transformation.
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- True
- False
Questão 49
Questão
The Hershey-Chase experiment showed that the virus protein is responsible for directing the production of new viruses.
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- True
- False
Questão 50
Questão
The two sides of the double helix structure of DNA are held together with hydrogen bonds.
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- True
- False
Questão 51
Questão
DNA replication is called semiconservative because half of each of the two new strands of DNA is "old" DNA from the original DNA molecule and half is "new" DNA.
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- True
- False
Questão 52
Questão
Genetic engineering has been used to do all of the following except:
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make plants more resistant to frost
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make plants more resistant to disease
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make plants more resistant to herbicides
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improve the nutritional balance of plants
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all of the above
Questão 53
Questão
According to Mendel, which of the following cause an organism's size, colour and markings?
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Chromosomes
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Genes
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Alleles
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Factors
Questão 54
Questão
Which term is associated with eukaryotic DNA?
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chrosome
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histone
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telomere
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all of the above
Questão 55
Questão
If 28% of a segment of DNA is composed of guanine, how much of the segment is adenine?
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7%
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22%
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28%
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There is no way to determine this.
Questão 56
Questão
How did the work of Franklin and Wilkins contribute to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
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They determined the rule of base pairing
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They determined that DNA has an X shape
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They determined the double helix structure
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They determined that the strands run antiparallel
Questão 57
Questão
Which of these findings made Watson and Crick confident that their DNA model was correct?
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Chargaff's base-pairing ratios
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Pauling's three-strand model
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Franklin's early disagreement with the double helix theory
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All of the above
Questão 58
Questão
What would have been the results of Meselson and Stahl's experiment if DNA had undergone conservative replication?
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one band containing only 14N
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one band containing only 15N
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two bands: one of 15N and 14N
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three bands: one of 15N, one of 14N, and one of 1:1 14N:15N
Questão 59
Questão
Which characteristics of the structure of DNA results in a lagging strand and a leading strand during DNA replication?
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its phosphate backbone
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its antiparallel strands
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the ratio of purines to pyrimidines
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the full twist every ten nucleotides
Questão 60
Questão
What is the function of DNA ligase in replication?
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It initiates a replication bubble
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It prevents DNA strands from tangling
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It places nucleotides to form a new DNA strand
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It fills gaps on the lagging strand
Questão 61
Questão
Which method do prokaryotes use to compact DNA?
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Spooling around a histone
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Forming a nucleosome
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Supercoiling
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Winding into solenoids
Questão 62
Questão
Where are telomeres located?
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At ends of chromosomes
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On the leading strand
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At the replication fork
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On prokaryotic plasmids
Questão 63
Questão
What is the name of Beadle and Tatum's original hypothesis?
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One gene-one sequence hypothesis
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One gene-one enzyme hypothesis
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One gene-one peptide hypothesis
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One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis
Questão 64
Questão
What is the sequence of information transfer, as outlined by the central dogma?
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DNA -> tRNA -> mRNA --> polypeptide
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DNA -> mRNA -> tRNA --> polypeptide
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DNA -> mRNA -> rRNA --> polypeptide
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DNA -> rRNA -> tRNA --> polypeptide
Questão 65
Questão
Where is the TATA box found?
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In the termination sequence that stops DNA polymerase
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In the termination sequence that stops RNA polymerase
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In the promoter that enables the binding of DNA polymerase
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In the promoter that enables the binding of RNA polymerase
Questão 66
Questão
What happens during capping and tailing?
Responda
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A methyl 5' tail and poly(A) cap are added
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A methyl 3' tail and poly(A) cap are added
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A methyl 5' cap and poly(A) tail are added
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A methyl 3' cap and poly(A) tail are added
Questão 67
Questão
How is the lac operon inhibited?
Responda
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The lac repressor is not synthesized by the lacl gene
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RNA polymerase is inhibited by high concentrations of allolactase
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The lac repressor is inhbited by high concentrations of allolactase
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Allolactase is not present to bind with the lac repressor
Questão 68
Questão
Which term refers to a point mutation that results in a different amino acid in a particular position?
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Missense mutation
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Silent mutation
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Nonsense mutation
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Frameshift mutation
Questão 69
Questão
What is the molecular tool scientists use to cut a DNA fragment from a larger piece of DNA?
Responda
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Restriction enzymes
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DNA primase
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Methylase
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DNA ligase
Questão 70
Questão
After excising a DNA fragment that contains a target gene, what should a molecular biologist do?
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Introduce a vector into a suitable organism
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Isolate a desired gene or DNA fragment
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Select the transformed cells
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Insert the gene into a vector
Questão 71
Questão
Which chemical compound can be used to stain a completed electrophoresis gel?
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Ethidium bromide
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Loading dye
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Molecular marker
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DNA polymerase
Questão 72
Questão
During PCR, double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands of DNA. What is this step called?
Responda
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Splicing
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Denaturation
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Extension
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Annealing
Questão 73
Questão
After 8 PCR cycles, how many target sequences have been synthesized?
Responda
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8
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16
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240
-
256
Questão 74
Questão
How does genetic therapy differ from traditional methods of treating a disease?
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It targets the effects of the disease
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In some cases, it fixes the genetic code itself
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It reverses the damage done to the body
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It replaces the need for organ transplant
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