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Practice Set (4) - Image Production

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Diploma MR Quiz sobre Practice Set (4) - Image Production, criado por S L em 23-01-2016.
S L
Quiz por S L, atualizado more than 1 year ago
S L
Criado por S L quase 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The precessional frequency of hydrogen at 1.5 telsa is
Responda
  • 42.6MHz
  • 63.86MHz
  • 63.86KHz
  • 21.28KHz

Questão 2

Questão
More questions regarding precessional frequency at 1.0T
Responda
  • 1
  • 2

Questão 3

Questão
Even more questions regarding precessional frequency at 0.5T
Responda
  • 1
  • 2

Questão 4

Questão
The coils used to alter the magnetic field during scanning are known as the
Responda
  • RF receive coils
  • RF transmit coils
  • Shim coils
  • Gradient coils

Questão 5

Questão
The precessional frequency of hydrogen nuclei that experience increased magnetic field strength due to gradient coils
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 6

Questão
The precessional frequency of hydrogen nuclei that experience decreased magnetic field strength due to gradient coils
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 7

Questão
There are how many pairs of gradient coils in a standard MRl system
Responda
  • 1 pair
  • 2 pairs
  • 3 pairs
  • 4 pairs

Questão 8

Questão
The Z gradient alters the magnetic field strength along which axis
Responda
  • Horizontal axis
  • Vertial axis
  • Long axis
  • Short axis

Questão 9

Questão
The Y gradient alters the magnetic field strength along which axis
Responda
  • Horizontal axis
  • Vertical axis
  • Long axis
  • Short axis

Questão 10

Questão
The X gradient alters the magnetic field strength along which axis
Responda
  • Horizontal axis
  • Vertical axis
  • Long axis
  • Short axis

Questão 11

Questão
The center of the magnet where the magnetic field strength remains unchanged even during the application of gradient magnetic fields is known as the
Responda
  • Pericenter
  • Isocenter
  • Monocenter
  • None of above

Questão 12

Questão
The three primary functions that gradients perform during MR scanning are
Responda
  • Slice selection, RF application, Frequency encoding
  • Phase encoding, Frequency encoding, RF application
  • Slice selection, Phase encoding, Frequency encoding
  • None of the above

Questão 13

Questão
During slice selection, the Z gradient is used to select slices in which plane
Responda
  • Coronal
  • Axial
  • Saggital
  • None of the above

Questão 14

Questão
During slice selection, the X gradient is used to select slices in which plane
Responda
  • Coronal
  • Axial
  • Saggital
  • None of the above

Questão 15

Questão
During slice selection, the Y gradient is used to select slices in which plane
Responda
  • Coronal
  • Axial
  • Saggital
  • None of the above

Questão 16

Questão
During the acquisition of sagittal images with the frequency direction S/I, phase encoding is conducted by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 17

Questão
During the acquisition of coronal images with the frequency direction S/I, phase encoding is conducted by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of above

Questão 18

Questão
During the acquisition of axial images of the brain with the frequency direction A/P, phase encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 19

Questão
During the acquisition of axial images of the body with the frequency direction L/R, phase encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 20

Questão
During the acquisition of sagittal images with the phase direction A/P, frequency encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 21

Questão
During the acquisition of coronal images with the phase direction L/R, frequency encoding is conducted by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 22

Questão
During the acquisition of axial images of the body with the phase direction A/P, frequency encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 23

Questão
During the acquisition of axial images of the brain with the phase direction L/R, frequency encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 24

Questão
In MR imaging, slice thickness is determined by which factor(s)
Responda
  • Magnet field strength
  • Gradient slope slice select
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Gradient slope slice select and Transmit bandwidth

Questão 25

Questão
In MRI, thin slices are achieved by applying a _______ gradient slope or a ______ bandwidth
Responda
  • Shallow, broad
  • Steep, narrow
  • Shallow, narrow
  • None of the above

Questão 26

Questão
In MRI, thick slices are achieved by applying a ________ gradient slope or a _______ bandwidth
Responda
  • Shallow, broad
  • Steep, narrow
  • Shallow, narrow
  • None of the above

Questão 27

Questão
The range of frequencies that is sampled during frequency encoding is known as the
Responda
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Gradient slope
  • None the above

Questão 28

Questão
The range of frequencies that is transmitted by the RF pulse is known as the
Responda
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Gradient slope
  • None of the above

Questão 29

Questão
In MR imaging, the interslice gap is determined by which factor(s)
Responda
  • Slice selection gradient slope
  • Slice thickness
  • External magnetic field strength
  • Slice selection gradient slope & Slice thickness

Questão 30

Questão
The gradient that is turned on during the application of the 90 degree excitation pulse and the 180 degree RF pulse is known as
Responda
  • Slice selection gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 31

Questão
The gradient that is turned on during signal sampling is known as the
Responda
  • Slice selection gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 32

Questão
The gradient that is turned on just before the 180 degree rephasing pulse is known as the
Responda
  • Slice selection gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Questão 33

Questão
The amplitude ofthe phase and frequency encoding gradients determines the dimension of what parameter
Responda
  • FOV
  • TR
  • TE
  • NEX

Questão 34

Questão
The frequency encoding gradient is also known as the _______ because it is turned on during the sampling of signal
Responda
  • Refocusing gradient
  • Spoiler gradient
  • Readout gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient

Questão 35

Questão
The theorem that states that a frequency must be sampled at least twice in order to reproduce it reliably is known as the
Responda
  • Pathagarum theorem
  • Nyquist theorem
  • Larmor theorem
  • Fourier theorem

Questão 36

Questão
The rate at which signal samples are taken during frequency encoding is known as the
Responda
  • Readout rate
  • Frequency rate
  • Sampling rate
  • None of the above

Questão 37

Questão
During the sampling of signal, the sampling rate is directly proportional to the
Responda
  • Sampling time
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • None of the above

Questão 38

Questão
During the sampling of the signal, the sampling time is inversely proportional to
Responda
  • Sampling rate
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Sampling rate & Receive bandwidth

Questão 39

Questão
The spacial location of signal according to its precessional phase is known
Responda
  • Slice selection
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Readout

Questão 40

Questão
The spacial location of signal according to its precessional frequency is known as
Responda
  • Slice selection
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Spoiling

Questão 41

Questão
The area within the array processor where spatially located information is stored is known as
Responda
  • Interspace
  • Array space
  • Fourier space
  • K space

Questão 42

Questão
The magnitude of the phase shifts between two points within a patient is determined by which factor
Responda
  • Slope of the frequency encoding gradient
  • Slope of the phase encoding gradient
  • Strength of the RF pulse
  • None of the above

Questão 43

Questão
The process that uses mathematical conversions to calculate the amplitude of individual frequencies is known as
Responda
  • Fast Fourier Transformation
  • Free induction decay
  • Lamor equation
  • None of the above

Questão 44

Questão
The number of times each signal is sampled with the same value of the phase encoding gradient is known as
Responda
  • Number of signal averages
  • Number of excitations
  • Number of signal quotients
  • All of the above

Questão 45

Questão
The higher the number of excitations that are acquired the more K space that is filled
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
In conventional spin echo sequences, how many phase encoding steps must be selected to fill 128 lines of K space
Responda
  • 64
  • 128
  • 192
  • 256

Questão 47

Questão
In conventional spin echo sequences, how many phase encoding steps must be selected to fill 256 lines of K space
Responda
  • 64
  • 128
  • 192
  • 256

Questão 48

Questão
Which parameter(s) effect total scan time
Responda
  • Repetition time
  • Number of phase encoding steps
  • Number of excitations
  • All of the above

Questão 49

Questão
During a conventional spin echo pulse sequence, each slice is selected, phase encoded, and frequency encoded once per TR
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
The horizontal axis of K space represents which axis of the image (with corrected answer)
Responda
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Slice selection
  • None of the above

Questão 51

Questão
The vertical axis of K space represents which axis of the image (with corrected answer)
Responda
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Slice selection
  • None of the above

Questão 52

Questão
The area of K space filled with the shallowest phase encoding slopes is known as
Responda
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Negative lines only
  • None of the above

Questão 53

Questão
The area of K space that is filled with the steepest phase encoding gradient slopes is known as
Responda
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Positive lines only
  • None of the above

Questão 54

Questão
Image data along both the phase and frequency axis with the highest signal amplitude is stored in which area of K space
Responda
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Positive lines only
  • None of the above

Questão 55

Questão
Image data along both the phase and frequency axis with the lowest signal amplitude is stored in which area of the K space
Responda
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Positive lines only
  • None of the above

Questão 56

Questão
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, steep slopes produce what type of signal amplitude
Responda
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Questão 57

Questão
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, shallow slopes produce what type of signal amplitude
Responda
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Questão 58

Questão
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, medium slopes produce what type of signal amplitudes
Responda
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Questão 59

Questão
When the amplitude of the phase encoding gradient increases, the amount of phase shift along the gradient
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same
  • None of the above

Questão 60

Questão
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, steep slopes produce data with what type of spatial resolution
Responda
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Questão 61

Questão
Image data with high spatial resolution is stored in which area of K space
Responda
  • Outer lines
  • Central lines
  • Negative lines only
  • Positive lines only

Questão 62

Questão
Image data with low spatial resolution is stored in which area of K space
Responda
  • Outer lines
  • Central lines
  • Negative lines only
  • Positive lines only

Questão 63

Questão
The process of filling K space by sampling only half of the echo and interpolating the rest is known as
Responda
  • Fractional echo
  • Gradient echo
  • Partial echo
  • Fractional echo & Partial echo

Questão 64

Questão
The process of filling only a percentage of K space with acquired data and filling the rest with zeros is known as
Responda
  • Partial saturation
  • Partial averaging
  • Partial voluming
  • Partial echo

Questão 65

Questão
Which method of image acquisition acquires all of the data from one slice before acquiring data from the next slice
Responda
  • Sequential
  • 2D volumetric
  • 3D volumetric
  • None of the above

Questão 66

Questão
Which method of image acquisition fills one line of K space for each slice in the sequence before it moves to the second line of K space
Responda
  • Sequential
  • 2D volumetric
  • 3D volumetric
  • None of the above

Questão 67

Questão
Which method ofimage acquisition acquires data from an entire volume of tissue, then uses a method called slice encoding to separate the images
Responda
  • Sequential
  • 2D volumetric
  • 3D volumetric

Questão 68

Questão
The thickness of an MRI image can be changed by which of the following methods
Responda
  • Altering the gradient slope
  • Changing the number of excitations
  • Altering the RF bandwidth
  • Altering the gradient slope & Altering the RF bandwidth

Questão 69

Questão
The term used to describe a volume element is known as
Responda
  • Pixel
  • Pixie
  • Voxel
  • Picture element

Questão 70

Questão
The number of picture elements used to make up an image is known as
Responda
  • Contrast
  • Matrix
  • Signal to noise
  • None of the above

Questão 71

Questão
The ability to distinguish one structure from another on an image is known as
Responda
  • Spatial resolution
  • Contrast to noise
  • Signal to noise
  • None of the above

Questão 72

Questão
The term used to describe a picture element is known as a
Responda
  • Image element
  • Pixel
  • Voxel
  • Volume element

Questão 73

Questão
The size of the area being displayed on an MR image is known as
Responda
  • Field of view
  • Voxel size
  • Pixel size
  • None of the above

Questão 74

Questão
The depth of a volume element is determined by what parameter
Responda
  • Matrix
  • NEX
  • Repetition time
  • Slice thickness

Questão 75

Questão
The height and width of a picture element is determined by what parameter(s)
Responda
  • Size of the FOV
  • Number of phase encoding steps
  • Number of frequency encoding steps
  • All of the above

Questão 76

Questão
A volume element that has the same height, width, and depth is known as
Responda
  • Rectangular
  • Isotropic
  • Triangular
  • Anisotropic

Questão 77

Questão
A voxel that is unequal in height, width, and depth is known as
Responda
  • Isotropic
  • Triangular
  • Squared
  • Anisotropic

Questão 78

Questão
Three characteristics commonly used to define the quality of an MRl image are
Responda
  • Contrast, Resolution, Matrix
  • Resolution, Contrast, Signal to Noise
  • Signal to Noise, Excitations, Contrast
  • Resolution, Matrix, Signal to Noise

Questão 79

Questão
The difference in brightness between two regions of an image is known
Responda
  • Signal to noise
  • Image contrast
  • Spatial resolution
  • None of the above

Questão 80

Questão
Bright pixels on an MRI image represent what type of signal
Responda
  • Low
  • High
  • Weak
  • None of the above

Questão 81

Questão
The clarity with which different areas of an image are distinguished is known as
Responda
  • Image contrast
  • Signal to noise
  • Spatial resolution
  • None of the above

Questão 82

Questão
The proportion of signal actually used to construct an image relative to the amount of background noise is known as
Responda
  • Spatial resolution
  • Signal to noise ratio
  • Image contrast
  • None of the above

Questão 83

Questão
An image with a grainy appearance usually represents an image with
Responda
  • High resolution
  • Low signal to noise
  • High signal to noise
  • Low resolution

Questão 84

Questão
Noise that degrades image quality in a specific location within an MRI image is known as
Responda
  • Inherent noise interference
  • Random noise interference
  • Discrete noise interference
  • None of the above

Questão 85

Questão
Noise that generally degrades overall quality of an MRI image is known
Responda
  • Inherent noise interference
  • Random noise interference
  • Discrete noise interference
  • None of the above

Questão 86

Questão
Which of the following is a parameter that directly affects signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Voxel size
  • Number of excitations
  • Repetition time
  • All of the above

Questão 87

Questão
The term "Trade-off parameters" is used to describe parameters that affect each other inversely
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 88

Questão
When magnetic field strength increases, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 89

Questão
When voxel size decreases, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 90

Questão
When pixel size increases, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 91

Questão
When bandwidth is increased, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 92

Questão
When repetition time is increased, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 93

Questão
When echo time is increased, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 94

Questão
When field of view decreases, spatial resolution
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 95

Questão
When field of view is increased, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 96

Questão
When the number of excitations is increased, spatial resolution
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 97

Questão
When image matrix is increased, spatial resolution
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 98

Questão
When slice thickness is increased, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 99

Questão
When slice spacing increases, signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 100

Questão
When image matrix is decreased, spatial resolution
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 101

Questão
When TE is decreased, the spatial resolution
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 102

Questão
When TR is increased, acquisition time
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 103

Questão
When the number of excitations is decreased, acquisition time
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 104

Questão
When image matrix increases, acquisition time
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 105

Questão
With the parameters given, which protocol gives the highest signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Long TR/Short TE/High matrix
  • Short TR/Long TE/Low matrix
  • Long TR/Long TE/High matrix
  • Long TR/Short TE/Low matrix

Questão 106

Questão
With the parameters given, which protocol gives the highest spatial resolution
Responda
  • Thick slice/Large FOV/High matrix
  • Thin slice/Large FOV/High matrix
  • Thin slice/Small FOV/Low matrix
  • Thin slice/Small FOV/High matrix

Questão 107

Questão
With the parameters given, which protocol has the longest acquisition time
Responda
  • Long TR/Low NEX/Low matrix
  • Short TR/High NEX/Low matrix
  • Short TR/Low NEX/High matrix
  • Long TR/High NEX/High matrix

Questão 108

Questão
With the parameters given, which protocol gives the highest signal to noise ratio
Responda
  • Thick slice/Low TE/Large FOV
  • Thin slice/High TE/Small FOV
  • Thick slicelHigh TE/Small FOV
  • Thin slice/Low TE/Small FOV

Questão 109

Questão
As bandwidth increases, sampling time
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 110

Questão
As bandwidth decreases, sampling time
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 111

Questão
Which of the following 'logical' gradients is known as the frequency encoding gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient

Questão 112

Questão
Which of the following 'logical' gradients is known as the phase encoding gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient

Questão 113

Questão
Which of the following 'logical' gradients is known as the slice selection gradient
Responda
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient

Questão 114

Questão
In plane pixel size can be determined by which of the following methods
Responda
  • Dividing the FOY by the number phase and frequency steps
  • Dividing the NEX by the FOV
  • Dividing the TR by the NEX
  • Dividing the TR by the slice thickness

Questão 115

Questão
Which of the following is the formula for determining scan time for a 3D FT pulse sequence
Responda
  • TR x NEX x phase steps x number of slices
  • TR x NEX x phase steps
  • NEX x TR x number of slices
  • TR x phase steps x number of slices

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