4394383
Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following is a covalent post-translational modification of signal proteins which is also ATP-independent?
Responda
-
Phosphorylation
-
GTP Hydrolysis
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Nitrosylation
-
Oxidation
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most dangerous to cells?
Responda
-
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
-
Superoxide anion radical (O2*-)
-
Hydroxyl radical (OH*)
Questão 3
Questão
When a signaling protein hydrolyzes a nucleotide triphosphate, order is produced. The resulting order is reflected in the formation of more protein-protein interactions.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 4
Questão
For a generic switching reaction, which of the following statements is the most correct?
Responda
-
Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" always requires energy.
-
Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" or "OFF" requires energy, but only one direction for the switch must be linked to an energy-supplying reaction.
-
Switching a signal-processing protein "OFF" always requires energy.
-
Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" always requires energy, and switching a signal-processing protein "OFF" also always requires energy.
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the following terms refers to the way in which the binding of signal molecules alter conformation equilibrium for signal-processing proteins?
Responda
-
allostery
-
scaffolding
-
covalent interaction
-
adaptation
Questão 6
Questão
Which of the following is not a strategy for maintaining and improving stability in a signal-processing system?
Responda
-
noise filtering
-
redundancy
-
encoding
-
pattern generation
-
adaptation
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following types of proteins acts to vastly speed up signal transduction by pre-assembling signaling proteins into a signaling complex?
Responda
-
noise-filtering proteins
-
proteins with one or more isoforms (alternatively-spliced proteins)
-
adaptor proteins
-
scaffold (scaffolding) proteins
Questão 8
Questão
Which statement is false?
Responda
-
The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell takes advantage of the modular design of proteins to link specific outputs to specific inputs.
-
The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell employs at least 4 mechanisms to maintain and improve stability.
-
The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell controls the availability and non-availability of interaction domains to govern how a signal is processed
-
The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell uses proteins as switching elements.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell rarely links short-range and long-range signaling during signal transduction.
Questão 9
Questão
Which family of proteins acts as unfoldases to dissociate protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes?
Responda
-
the large (trimeric) G-protein family
-
the small G-protein family
-
the chaperone family
-
the AAA+ protein family
Questão 10
Questão
Chaperone proteins such as heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) use the energy of _____ hydrolysis to enable misfolded steroid hormone receptors to go from native state (stable but non-functional state) to functional state.
Responda
-
ATP
-
glutathione
-
phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)
-
GTP
Questão 11
Questão
For the phosphorylation switch, which of the following amino acids is not a common target of phosphorylation?
Responda
-
threonine (Thr)
-
lysine (Lys)
-
serine (Ser)
-
tyrosine (Tyr)
Questão 12
Questão
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes protein kinases that are activated by cAMP and cGMP?
Responda
-
the CMGC kinases
-
the Ste11 family
-
the AGC family
-
the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes protein kinases that phosphorylate Ser and Thr amino acids in the neighborhood of Pro residues?
Responda
-
the CMGC kinases
-
the Ste11 family
-
the AGC family
-
the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes mainly protein kinases that are constituents of MAP kinase modules?
Responda
-
the Ste11 family
-
the AGC family
-
the CMGC kinases
-
the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases
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