4397459
Questão 1
Questão
An image artifact caused by anatomical motion along a gradient is known as what type of artifact
Responda
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Ringing
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Aliasing
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Volume averaging
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Phase mismapping
Questão 2
Questão
Another name for phase mismapping artifact is
Responda
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Ringing
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Aliasing
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Ghosting
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Truncation
Questão 3
Questão
An example ofphase mismapping artifact is
Responda
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Cardiac motion
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Flow motion
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Respiratory motion
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Cardiac motion & Flow motion & Respiratory motion
Questão 4
Questão
An example of aperiodic motion is
Responda
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Cardiac motion
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Flow motion
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Respiratory motion
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Peristalsis motion
Questão 5
Questão
Ghosting artifact on an MR image caused by the heart can be decreased by which of the following methods
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Decreasing bandwidth
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Peripheral compensation
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Cardiac gating
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Respiratory compensation
Questão 6
Questão
Motion artifact on an MR image caused by flowing blood or CSF can be decreased by which of the following methods
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Respiratory compensaton
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Patient education
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Gradient moment nulling
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Respiratory gating
Questão 7
Questão
Peripheral gating is a technique used to decrease what type of motion artifact
Responda
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CSF pulsation motion
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Cardiac motion
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Swallowing
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Respiratory motion
Questão 8
Questão
A saturation pulse is a technique used to reduce what type of motion artifact
Responda
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Blood flow motion
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Respiratory motion
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Swallowing motion
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All of the above
Questão 9
Questão
Phase mismapping artifact always occurs in which direction of the MR image
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Frequency direction
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Phase direction
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Slice selection direction
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Readout direction
Questão 10
Questão
Phase mismapping artifact caused by respiratory motion can be decreased by which method
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Presaturation pulse
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Swapping phase and frequency direction
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Respiratory compensation
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All of the above
Questão 11
Questão
Gradient moment nulling is most effective in reducing flow related motion in which type of flow
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Slow flow
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Fast flow
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Inplane flow
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Slow flow and inplane flow
Questão 12
Questão
The artifact that is produced when anatomy that is outside the FOV is mapped within the FOV is known as
Responda
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Phase mismapping
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Aliasing
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Partial volume averaging
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Magnetic susceptibility
Questão 13
Questão
Another name for aliasing artifact is
Responda
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Foldover artifact
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Ringing artifact
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Wraparound artifact
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Foldover artifact & Wraparound artifact
Questão 14
Questão
Wraparound artifact occurs in which direction of an MR image
Responda
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Phase direction
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Frequency direction
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Slice selection direction
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Phase direction & Frequency direction
Questão 15
Questão
Wraparound artifact caused by undersampling of frequencies in the readout direction is known as
Responda
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Phase wrap
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Frequency wrap
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Gibbs wrap
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Truncation
Questão 16
Questão
Foldover artifact caused by undersampling of signal in the phase encoding direction is known as
Responda
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Phase wrap
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Frequency wrap
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Gibbs wrap
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None of the above
Questão 17
Questão
Aliasing artifact in the frequency direction can be corrected by which of the following methods
Responda
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Decreasing the FOV
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Increasing the matrix
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Filtering the frequencies outside the FOV in the phase direction
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Filtering the frequencies outside the FOV in the frequency direction
Questão 18
Questão
Foldover artifact in the phase direction can be corrected by which of the following methods
Responda
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Oversampling the signal outside the FOV
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Increasing the FOV
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Using saturation pulses outside the FOV
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All of the above
Questão 19
Questão
The precessional frequency of hydrogen is influenced by its chemical environment
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True
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False
Questão 20
Questão
In fat, the hydrogen atom is bound with what other type of atom
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Oxygen
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Nitrogen
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Helium
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Carbon
Questão 21
Questão
In water, the hydrogen atom is bound with what other type of atom
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Oxygen
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Nitrogen
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Helium
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Carbon
Questão 22
Questão
The artifact that is caused due to the difference in precessional frequencies between fat and water is called
Responda
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Magnetic susceptibility
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Chemical shift
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Truncation
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Aliasing
Questão 23
Questão
In a 1.5 tesla magnet, the difference in the precessional frequency between fat and water is
Responda
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250 MHz
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210 MHz
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220 Watts
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220 Hz
Questão 24
Questão
In a 1.0 tesla magnet, the difference in the precessional frequency between fat and water is
Responda
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130 MHz
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147 Hz
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200 Hz
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220 Hz
Questão 25
Questão
Chemical shift artifact occurs in which direction of the MR image
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Phase encoding direction
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Frequency encoding direction
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Slice selection direction
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None of the above
Questão 26
Questão
In an MR image, the degree of chemical shift artifact depends upon which parameter
Responda
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Receive bandwidth
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Size of the FOV
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Magnetic field strength
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All of the above
Questão 27
Questão
Chemical shift artifact can be minimized by which of the following methods
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Minimizing the FOV
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Increasing the receive bandwidth
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Utilizing chemical saturation
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All of the above
Questão 28
Questão
The artifact that is caused by the phase differences between fat and water is known as
Responda
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Chemical shift
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Phase wrap
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Chemical misregistration
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Ringing
Questão 29
Questão
Chemical misregistration artifact most commonly occurs in which direction of the MR image
Responda
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Phase encoding direction
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Frequency encoding direction
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Slice selection direction
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None of the above
Questão 30
Questão
Chemical misregistration artifact is most likely to affect which type of pulse sequence
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Spin echo pulse sequences
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Inversion recovery pulse sequences
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Gradient echo pulse sequences
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None of the above
Questão 31
Questão
Which imaging parameter affects the amount of chemical misregistration that will be seen on an image
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TR
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TI
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TE
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NEX
Questão 32
Questão
At 1.5 tesla, to reduce chemical misregistration artifact, the TE should be a multiple of what time
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3.1 ms
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4.2 ms
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6.6 ms
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7.3 ms
Questão 33
Questão
At 0.5 tesla, to reduce chemical misregistration artifact, the TE should be a multiple of what time
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3.1 ms
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4.2 ms
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6.6 ms
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7.0 ms
Questão 34
Questão
The time that both fat and water are in phase with each other is known as
Responda
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Peroidicity
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Repetition time
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Inversion time
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None of the above
Questão 35
Questão
Another name for truncation artifact is
Responda
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Foldover artifact
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Gibbs artifact
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Ringing artifact
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Gibbs artifact & Ringing artifact
Questão 36
Questão
The artifact that appears as a low intensity band in areas of high intensity due to undersampling is known as
Responda
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Gibbs artifact
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Truncation artifact
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Ringing artifact
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All of the above
Questão 37
Questão
Gibbs artifact can be decreased by ________ the number of phase encoding steps
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Increasing
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Decreasing
Questão 38
Questão
Truncation artifact occurs in which direction of the MRl image
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Phase encoding direction
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Frequency encoding direction
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Slice selection direction
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None of the above
Questão 39
Questão
Metal in the patient, in the area that is being scanned, will most likely create what type of artifact
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Foldover artifact
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Chemical shift artifact
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Truncation artifact
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Magnetic susceptability
Questão 40
Questão
Magnetic susceptibility artifact is most prominent in what type of pulse sequence
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Spin echo
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Inversion recovery
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Gradient echo
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None of the above
Questão 41
Questão
Magnetic susceptibility artifact can be used to help diagnose what pathology
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Torn meniscus
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Herniated nucleus pulposis
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Pituitary adenoma
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Hemorrhage
Questão 42
Questão
An artifact that is caused by an external radio frequency leak is known as
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Shading artifact
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Zipper artifact
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Starring artifact
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Herringbone
Questão 43
Questão
In clinical MRI, what method is used to prevent external radio frequency from affecting the MRI image
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Copper shielded room
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Iron shielded magnet
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Passive shimming
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None of the above
Questão 44
Questão
The artifact that is produced by overlapping radio frequency pulses in adjacent slices is known as
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Cross excitation artifact
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Aliasing artifact
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Truncation artifact
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Phase mismapping artifact
Questão 45
Questão
The artifact produced by the transfer of spin lattice energy from one slice
to its adjacent slice is known as
Responda
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Wraparound artifact
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Ringing artifact
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Cross talk artifact
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Magnetic susceptibility
Questão 46
Questão
Cross excitation artifact can be eliminated by which ofthe following methods
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Increasing interslice gap
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Using a sine RF pulse
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Interleaving
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All of the above
Questão 47
Questão
The technique used to eliminate cross excitation artifact that acquires data in two separate acquisitions from alternating slices is known as
Responda
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Aliasing
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Interleaving
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Spin warping
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None of the above
Questão 48
Questão
To decrease the chances of cross excitation there should be at least what percentage of interslice gap
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10 %
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15 %
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30 %
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50 %
Questão 49
Questão
Cross excitation artifact is less likely to occur with which pulse sequence
Responda
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Spin echo, 90 degree flip angle, 10% interslice gap
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Spin echo, 90 degree flip angle, 50% interslice gap
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Gradient echo, 15 degree flip angle, 30% interslice gap
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Dual echo, 90 degree flip angle, 25% interslice gap
Questão 50
Questão
The artifact that is produced when many structures with different signal intensities are averaged together within a pixel is known as
Responda
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Cross talk artifact
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Truncation artifact
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Partial volume averaging
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Aliasing artifact
Questão 51
Questão
Volume averaging artifact can be reduced by which of the following methods
Responda
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Increasing slice thickness
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Decreasing slice thickness
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Increasing NEX
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Decreasing NEX
Questão 52
Questão
The artifact that is characterized by a loss of signal intensity in one area of an image is known as
Responda
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Aliasing artifact
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Ringing artifact
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Shading artifact
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None of the above
Questão 53
Questão
Shading artifact can be caused by what factor(s)
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Inhomogeneity of the external magnetic field
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Undersampling of phase encoding steps
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Inhomogeneity of the RF pulse
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Inhomogeneity of the external magnetic field & Inhomogeneity of the RF pulse
Questão 54
Questão
Data loss due to gradient instability, excessive noise, or tuning errors can cause an artifact with what type of appearance
Responda
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Zippering
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Shading
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Staring
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Herringbone
Questão 55
Questão
An artifact caused by faulty receiver attenuation settings during prescan is known as
Responda
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Herringbone
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Shading
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Data clipping
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Aliasing
Questão 56
Questão
Figure 6 - 1 displays an example of what type of artifact?
Responda
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Aliasing
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Truncation
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Foldover
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Magnetic Susceptibility
Questão 57
Questão
Figure 6-2 displays an example of what type of artifact
Responda
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Magnetic susceptibility
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Phase wrap
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RF zipper
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Magnetic susceptibility & RF zipper
Questão 58
Questão
Figure 6-3 displays an example of what type of artifact
Responda
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Ringing
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Phase wrap
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Chemical shift
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Cross talk
Questão 59
Questão
Figure 6-4 displays an example of what type of artifact
Responda
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Phase mismapping
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Aliasing
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Chemical shift
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Cross excitation
Questão 60
Questão
Figure 6-5 displays an example of what type of artifact
Responda
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Truncation
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Aliasing
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Cross excitation
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Chemical shift
Questão 61
Questão
Figure 6-6 displays an example of what type of artifact
Responda
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Aliasing
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Truncation
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Chemical shift
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Phase mismapping
Questão 62
Questão
Figure 6-7 displays an example of what type of artifact
Responda
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Aliasing
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Truncation
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Chemical shift
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Phase mismapping
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