4763166
Descrição
Quiz por Emma Maelde, atualizado more than 1 year ago
|
Criado por Emma Maelde
mais de 8 anos atrás
|
|
Questão 1
Questão
[blank_start]Science[blank_end] is the study of the world using scierntific method. [blank_start]Biology[blank_end] is the study of living things.
Responda
-
Science
-
Biology
Questão 2
Questão
[blank_start]Independent[blank_end] variables are what are altered in the experiment, while [blank_start]dependent[blank_end] variables are what you are observing in the experiment. Both of these are known as [blank_start]control[blank_end] variables.
Responda
-
control
-
dependent
-
Independent
Questão 3
Questão
A scientist is wanting to sterilize water from the bacteria it contains. An example of a positive control is/are:
Responda
-
Boiling the water, so no bacteria can grow
-
No treatment is done to ensure the bacteria still grows
-
Placing the water in an autoclave to remove bacteria
Questão 4
Questão
What are the two types of false results that can occur in an experiment?
Responda
-
False positive: occurs in positive control
-
False negative: occurs in a positive control
-
False negative: occurs in negative control
-
False positive: occurs in a negative control
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the following is an additional concern (as told by Professor Anderson) to scientists performing an experiment?
Responda
-
Is the experiment reproducible?
-
Are the animals safe?
-
Will anyone be harmed?
Questão 6
Questão
Sensitivity is when a positive result only comes from a truly positive sample.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 7
Questão
An instrument has not been calibrated correctly. This is an example of:
Responda
-
Systematic error
-
Random error
-
Positive Control
-
Negative Control
Questão 8
Questão
Which of the following has a fragile glass probe?
Responda
-
Scale
-
Pipette
-
pH meter
-
Vortex mixer
Questão 9
Questão
A pH meter must be rinsed and stored in [blank_start]solution[blank_end] between uses. The random errors that can come from using a pH meter are not [blank_start]rinsing[blank_end], and measuring before [blank_start]stabilization[blank_end]. The systematic errors that can come from using a pH meter is if it is not [blank_start]calibrated[blank_end] correctly.
Responda
-
calibrated
-
rinsing
-
solution
-
stabilization
Questão 10
Questão
What happens if a pH meter is not stored in solution between uses?
Responda
-
The instrument will not turn on
-
The probe gets plugged
-
Electric current is increased and pH readings become only basic
-
The probe will only report solutions as being neutral
Questão 11
Questão
An example of random error for a scale is vibrations that can change numbers.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 12
Questão
A vortex mixer:
Responda
-
is used to mix small quantities of solutions
-
contains a magnet in the base with adjustable spin speed
-
can cause the solution to become frothy
-
may be invaluable to mix some solutions and damaging to others
-
is coupled with a heating element to help dissolve
Questão 13
Questão
Differences between a micropipette and pipette are:
Responda
-
A micropipette measure between 10-1mL while a pipette measure anything larger
-
A pipette has disposable tips, while a micropipette does not
-
Mistakes made with a micropipette are proportionally larger than with a pipette
-
None of the above are correct
Questão 14
Questão
An [blank_start]acid[blank_end] is a proton donor, while a [blank_start]base[blank_end] is a proton acceptor.
Responda
-
acid
-
base
Questão 15
Questão
pH is represented on a log scale
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 16
Questão
pKa is:
Responda
-
When there is more weak acid in solution than base
-
When there is equal amounts of acid and weak base
-
When there is more base in solution than weak acid
Questão 17
Questão
A buffer is effective within 1.5 pH units from the pKa
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 18
Questão
What ratio of acetate ion to acetic acid would you need to make up an acetate buffer with a pH of 5.25? pKa = 4.74.
Responda
-
.4632
-
.3090
-
4.567
-
3.236
Questão 19
Questão
What acts as the acid and base, respectively, for the amino acid?
Responda
-
amino, carboxyl
-
R group, amino
-
carboxyl, amino
-
Amino, R group
Questão 20
Questão
At a low pH, both ends of the amino acid are [blank_start]protonated[blank_end]. At high pH, both ends of the amino acid are [blank_start]deprotonated[blank_end]. At moderate pH, the net charge is [blank_start]neutral[blank_end].
Responda
-
protonated
-
deprotonated
-
neutral
Questão 21
Questão
Which amino acid(s) have an R-Group that can act as an acid-conjugate base pair at pH 10?
Responda
-
Aspartic Acid
-
Cysteine
-
Tyrosine
-
Histidine
-
Glutamic Acid
-
Lysine
-
Arginine
Questão 22
Questão
What is pI on triprotic titration?
Responda
-
The average pKa's of the highest and lowest pKa
-
The average of pKa's surrounding the neutral charge
-
Equal to the smallest pKa
-
Equal to the middle pKa
Questão 23
Questão
Milk pasteurization works by increasing one factor of sterilization and decreasing another. What are they?
Responda
-
Increased conductance, decreased time
-
Increased time, decreased temperature
-
increased conductance, decreased temperature
-
Increased temperature, decreased time
Questão 24
Questão
Which should be used to sterilize heat-labile compounds?
Responda
-
Autoclave
-
Filtration
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following are heat-labile compounds?
Responda
-
IPTG
-
Staphylococcus
-
Streptobacillus
-
Ammonium acetate
-
Ig E Antibodies
Questão 26
Questão
Quality of image from a microscope depends on:
Responda
-
Thickness of section
-
Quantity of bacteria
-
Size of bacteria
-
Staining of bacteria
-
Lighting from microscope
Questão 27
Questão
Magnification is the separation between two objects.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 28
Questão
Improving resolution makes the resolution number smaller
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
How can resolution be improved?
Responda
-
Increase wavelength
-
Decrease Numerical Aperture
-
Change the refractive index
Questão 30
Questão
As magnification increases:
Responda
-
Resolution increases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture decreases
-
Resolution decreases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture decreases
-
Resolution increases, field of vied increases and numerical aperture increases
-
Resolution decreases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture increases
Questão 31
Questão
Spectroscopy is the study of absorption and emission of radiation. Photometry is the measurement of intensity of radiation.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 32
Questão
What is the shortest wavelength of light?
Responda
-
Red
-
Green
-
Blue
-
Yellow
Questão 33
Questão
[blank_start]Cuvette[blank_end]: A tube that holds the sample
Transmittance: the proportion of light that the sample allows to [blank_start]pass[blank_end][blank_start]Absorbance[blank_end]: the amount of light the sample blocks
[blank_start]Blank[blank_end]: a comparison sample with non of the measure substance
Standard Curve: A series of [blank_start]known[blank_end] samples used to generate comparison data
Responda
-
Cuvette
-
known
-
Blank
-
Absorbance
-
pass
Questão 34
Questão
A cuvette containing water is an example of:
Responda
-
Negative Control
-
Positive Control
-
Specificity
-
Sensitivity
Questão 35
Questão
What is the beer lambert law?
Responda
-
A=elc
-
E=Al
-
C=Ael
-
L=EAl
Questão 36
Questão
Pure DNA has a value for 260/280 of:
Responda
-
2.5
-
2.0
-
.5
-
1.5
Questão 37
Questão
The Bradford assay uses [blank_start]coomassie blue[blank_end] dye. Unbound dye has an absorbance max of [blank_start]465[blank_end]. Bound dye has an absorbance max of [blank_start]595[blank_end]. The upper limit for linear detection is 1 mg/mL.
Responda
-
465
-
595
-
coomassie blue
Questão 38
Questão
The Bradford assay has strongest interaction with acidic amino acids.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 39
Questão
Why would someone choose to use the Biuret Assay over the Bradford Assay?
Responda
-
It has a higher useful range
-
It is much quicker
-
There is no absorbency max
-
A and C
-
None of the above
Questão 40
Questão
Copper 2 sulfate is used in the biuret assay as the binding dye.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 41
Questão
Label the following shape or arrangement:
Responda
-
Coccus
-
Bacillus
-
Spiracles
-
Diplo
-
Staphylo
-
Strepto
Questão 42
Questão
Prokaryotes:
Responda
-
Go through mitosis
-
Have circular chromosomes
-
Have no organelles
Questão 43
Questão
Gram negative cells stain pink.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 44
Questão
Bacterial cell walls are made of:
Responda
-
Peptidoglycan
-
Lipids
-
NAG-NAM
-
Lysine and Arginine
Questão 45
Questão
Gram positive cell walls are up to [blank_start]80 nm[blank_end] thick, while gram negative cell walls are only [blank_start]8 nm[blank_end] thick. Although gram negative have smaller [blank_start]peptidoglycan[blank_end] layers, they contain a second [blank_start]phospholipid membrane[blank_end]. Gram positive cell walls also contain [blank_start]teichoic acid[blank_end] to keep layers together and increase the [blank_start]negative[blank_end] charge of the cell wall.
Responda
-
80 nm
-
8 nm
-
peptidoglycan
-
phospholipid membrane
-
teichoic acid
-
negative
Questão 46
Questão
Which of the following bacteria are gram negative?
Responda
-
Clostridium difficle
-
Vibrio Cholerae
-
Helicobacter Pylori
-
Bacillus Anthracis
Questão 47
Questão
A [blank_start]mordant[blank_end] is a charged molecule that interacts and makes it hard to wash off.
Responda
-
mordant
Questão 48
Questão
The steps of a gram stain are:
1. [blank_start]Crystal Violet[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Iodine[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Alcohol Wash[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Counter Stain[blank_end]
The mordant in a gram stain is [blank_start]iodine[blank_end].
Responda
-
Counter Stain
-
Alcohol Wash
-
Iodine
-
Crystal Violet
-
iodine
Questão 49
Questão
What are qualities of an acid fast stain?
Responda
-
Counterstain with coomassie blue
-
Primary dye is carbol-fuschin
-
Used for waxy cell walls
-
No decolorization is required
Questão 50
Questão
A [blank_start]capsule[blank_end] is neatly organized while a [blank_start]smile layer[blank_end] is unorganized or loose. These are both known as [blank_start]glycocalyx[blank_end]. To stain, a [blank_start]bulky[blank_end] charged dye, such as [blank_start]nigrosin[blank_end], is required. The cells are not fixed to slide and the dye creates a [blank_start]pocket[blank_end] for stain to get everywhere except on the [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end]. This requires staining to visualize [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end], such as [blank_start]crystal violet[blank_end].
Responda
-
capsule
-
slime layer
-
glycocalyx
-
bulky
-
nigrosin
-
pocket
-
bacteria
-
bacteria
-
crystal violet
Questão 51
Questão
What is required to stain the flagella?
Responda
-
Thickening of the flagella
-
A mordant
-
Crystal Violet Dye
-
All of the above
Questão 52
Questão
The most notable endospore forming groups are:
Responda
-
Only bacillus
-
Strep and Clostridium
-
Bacillus and Strep
-
Bacillus and Clostridium
Questão 53
Questão
Endospore stains require safranin, malachite green and moist heat.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 54
Questão
Which of the following ranks bacteria in their optimal temperature zone from highest to lowest?
Responda
-
Psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, psychotrophs, hyperthermophiles
-
hyperthermophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, psychotrophs, psychrophiles
-
Hyperthemophiles, thermophiles, mesophiles, psychotrophs, psychrophiles
-
Psychrophiles, Psychrotrophs, mesophiles, Thermophiles, hyperthermophiles
Questão 55
Questão
What salt concentration do extreme halophiles live in?
Responda
-
10-20%
-
2%
-
30-40%
-
50%
Questão 56
Questão
A [blank_start]defined medium[blank_end] is one where all chemicals are known and quantified, while a [blank_start]complex medium[blank_end] is one where we are not aware of every chemical.
Responda
-
defined medium
-
complex medium
Questão 57
Questão
In which of the following is it difficult to check for purity
Responda
-
broth
-
Plates
-
Slants
-
Semi-solid Deeps
Questão 58
Questão
Agar:
Responda
-
comes from the cell walls of certain bacteria living in caves
-
is a carbohydrate from cell walls of red algae
-
solidifies at 50 degrees
-
melts at 85 degrees
-
B, C, D
-
B, C
-
B, D
Questão 59
Questão
MacConkey Agar is:
Responda
-
selective
-
differential
-
enrichment
Questão 60
Questão
MacConnkey Agar selects against gram [blank_start]positive[blank_end] using bile salts and crystal violet. It contains [blank_start]lactose[blank_end] and [blank_start]pH indicators[blank_end]. Fermenters turn [blank_start]purple[blank_end] on the plate. MSA has a [blank_start]high salt concentration[blank_end] and contains mannitol. Fermenters turn [blank_start]yellow[blank_end] on the plate. It is useful for detecting [blank_start]staphylococcus aureus[blank_end]. BAP contains 5-10% [blank_start]sheep's blood[blank_end] and tests for [blank_start]hemolytic[blank_end] activity. The [blank_start]hemolysis[blank_end] may be enhanced in [blank_start]low-oxygen[blank_end] environments. [blank_start]Saboraud Dextrose Agar[blank_end] contains a high amount of glucose (2%). It selects for yeasts and [blank_start]molds[blank_end]. SIM Deep's are used to differentiate cells from [blank_start]sulfur reduction[blank_end], [blank_start]indole production[blank_end] and [blank_start]motility[blank_end]. An [blank_start]oxidase[blank_end] test is used to see if the organism can use oxygen to generate [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]. A [blank_start]positive[blank_end] result is blue/purple.
Responda
-
positive
-
lactose
-
pH indicators
-
purple
-
high salt concentration
-
yellow
-
staphylococcus aureus
-
sheep's blood
-
hemolytic
-
hemolysis
-
low oxygen
-
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
-
molds
-
sulfur reduction
-
indole production
-
motility
-
oxidase
-
ATP
-
positive
Questão 61
Questão
Which of the following are a direct and total way to count bacteria?
Responda
-
Turbidity Estimates
-
Serial Dilution
-
Counting Chamber
-
All of the answers
Questão 62
Questão
The best source for antibiotics are soil dwellers
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 63
Questão
[blank_start]Penicillin[blank_end] and [blank_start]Cephalosporin[blank_end] are cell wall inhibitors. They contain a beta [blank_start]lactam ring[blank_end] that mimics the substrate to link peptidoglycan. This causes the cell wall to be weaker. Natural penicillin works only against gram [blank_start]positive[blank_end] cells.
Responda
-
Penicillin
-
Cephalosporin
-
lactam ring
-
positive
Questão 64
Questão
The following are protein synthesis inhibitors:
Responda
-
Daptomycin
-
Neomycin
-
Tetracycline
-
Quinolines
-
Streptomycin
-
Chlorsmphenicol
Questão 65
Questão
Which of the following is better as a topical antibiotic?
Responda
-
Polymxin
-
Daptomycin
-
Bacitracin
-
A and C
-
All of the above
Questão 66
Questão
[blank_start]Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors[blank_end] include: rifamycin or quinolones. Rifamycin inhibit [blank_start]mRNA synthesis[blank_end] and are highly [blank_start]permeable[blank_end] to the cell. Quinolones inhibit [blank_start]DNA gyyrase[blank_end] which inhibits DNA replication.
Responda
-
mRNA synthesis
-
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
-
permeable
-
DNA gyrase
Questão 67
Questão
Which of the following are examples of modes of resistance presented by bacteria?
Responda
-
Drug modification
-
Pathway protection
-
Cell suicide
-
Cell Fusion
-
Target Alteration
-
Rapid Efflux
-
Alternative Pathways
Questão 68
Questão
An [blank_start]enzyme[blank_end] is a protein that acts as a catalyst for a chemical reaction. The makes the reaction more [blank_start]favourable[blank_end] by lowering the [blank_start]activation energy[blank_end].
Responda
-
favourable
-
activation energy
-
enzyme
Questão 69
Questão
[blank_start]Reaction rate[blank_end] is how fast substrate is converted into product. Over time, reactions will slow down as [blank_start]substrate[blank_end] decreases[blank_start], product[blank_end] increases and [blank_start]enzyme molecules[blank_end] are lost to [blank_start]denaturation[blank_end]. The [blank_start]initial velocity[blank_end] is used to get non-attenuated rates.
Responda
-
Reaction rate
-
substrate
-
product
-
enzymes
-
denaturation
-
initial velocity
Questão 70
Questão
Rate can be limited by
Responda
-
availability of substrate
-
production of product
-
release of product
-
availability of substrate and production of product
-
All of the above
-
None of the above
Questão 71
Questão
Km is the concentration of [blank_start]substrate[blank_end] that leads to half-maximal [blank_start]velocity[blank_end].
Responda
-
substrate
-
velocity
Questão 72
Questão
Key features to Asian flush are:
Responda
-
Increase Km for NADH for ALDH2
-
Mutation in ALDH
-
Mutation in ALDH2
-
Rapid heart and breathing, redness, and hot flashes
-
ALDH1 has a lower Km
-
Acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood
-
if only one part of the protein is affected, the rest will work properly.
Questão 73
Questão
If you have higher affinity for a substrate, you have a higher Km
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 74
Questão
Which of the following are a correct match?
Responda
-
Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant
-
Uncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant
-
Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant
-
Uncompetitive Inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P
-
Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P
-
Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P
-
Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate
-
Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate
-
Uncompetitive Inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate
Questão 75
Questão
Name the types of inhibition and how they affect the Km and Vmax
Responda
-
Competitive Inhibition
-
Increases
-
Remains the same
-
Decreases
-
Decreases
-
Uncompetitive Inhibition
-
Noncompetitive Inhibition
-
Remains the same
-
Decreases
Questão 76
Questão
When someone drinks methanol, they are treated by drinking ethanol. This is an example of which of the following inhibition:
Responda
-
Competitive
-
Uncompetitive
-
Noncompetitive
Questão 77
Questão
[blank_start]Sonication[blank_end]: breaking the cell apart with sound waves that have high amplitude and frequency. May damage the sample as it will [blank_start]heat[blank_end] the sample.
[blank_start]French press[blank_end]: increasing pressure from a piston and releasing to break cells apart
[blank_start]Osmotic Shock[blank_end]: Putting into a hypotonic solution to put the cell in shock and causing them to burst. Good for cells who do not have a [blank_start]cell wall[blank_end].
[blank_start]Digestion[blank_end]: Using an enzyme to damage cell walls, but is not broken apart.
[blank_start]Detergents[blank_end]: Amphipathic molecules that break down fats and oils by forming micelles
[blank_start]Homogenization[blank_end]: Using force to break things apart (blender)
Responda
-
Sonication
-
French press
-
Osmotic Shock
-
Digestion
-
Detergents
-
Homogenization
-
cell wall
-
heat
Questão 78
Questão
The advantages to using controls in an experiment are that the results can be [blank_start]internal[blank_end] verified and experimental procedures can be [blank_start]validated[blank_end]. An experiment should contain both [blank_start]positive[blank_end] and [blank_start]negative[blank_end] controls to ensure it is working. Some additional concerns that a scientist may have are:
1. Are the experiments [blank_start]biased[blank_end]?
2. Are there adequate notes of [blank_start]materials and methods[blank_end]?
3. Is the experiment [blank_start]reproducible[blank_end]?
4.Is a test [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] or [blank_start]quantitative[blank_end]?
5. Is a result [blank_start]statistically significan[blank_end]t?
6. Can you rule out correlation from causation? Correlation is the mutual [blank_start]relation[blank_end] of two or more things, parts, etc.:
Example: Studies find a positive correlation between severity of illness and nutritional status of the patients.
Responda
-
internal
-
validated
-
positive
-
negative
-
biased
-
materials and methods
-
reproducible
-
qualitative
-
quantitative
-
statistically significan
-
relation
Questão 79
Questão
Sensitivity is:
Responda
-
A positive result only comes from a truly positive sample
-
The minimum amount of X needed to record a positive result
-
Error introduced with each measurement
-
How close the measurements are
Questão 80
Questão
A pH meter uses the [blank_start]current[blank_end] produced by the [blank_start]probe[blank_end] to compare with [blank_start]standards[blank_end] and reports a [blank_start]pH value[blank_end]. If the glass probe is [blank_start]cracked[blank_end], there is no longer a need to travel [blank_start]through[blank_end] the [blank_start]glass[blank_end] and the [blank_start]pH[blank_end] will change. A scale is primarily used to [blank_start]weigh[blank_end] chemicals in the lab. A stir plate has [blank_start]teflon[blank_end] coated [blank_start]magnets[blank_end] place in solutions.
Responda
-
current
-
probe
-
standards
-
pH value
-
cracked
-
through
-
glass
-
pH
-
weigh
-
teflon
-
magnets
Questão 81
Questão
A graduated pipette:
Responda
-
Measures only one volume
-
Has lines along the length to determine the volume
-
Measure 0.0002 mL
Questão 82
Questão
How small can a micropipette measure in mL?
Responda
-
0.0002
-
0.002
-
0.02
-
0.2
-
2
Questão 83
Questão
Weak acids and their conjugate base:
Responda
-
completely dissociate
-
partially dissociate
-
do not dissociate at all
Questão 84
Questão
A buffer has a pKa of 6.5. The current pH of the buffer is 7.3. What will happen if more base is added?
Responda
-
It will tolerate much more base than acid
-
It will tolerate equal amounts of acid and base
-
It will tolerate much more acid than base
Questão 85
Questão
If pH is less than pKa...
Responda
-
There is more acid
-
There is more base
-
The acid % will be more than the base %
-
The base % will be more than the acid %
-
The acid moles will be more than the base moles
-
the base moles will be more than the acid moles
Questão 86
Questão
A 1 in 10 dilution means:
Responda
-
1 part stock, to 9 parts water
-
1 part stock, to 10 parts water
-
9 parts stock to 1 part water
-
10 parts stock to 1 part water
Questão 87
Questão
Which groups have a pH of less than 10?
Responda
-
Aspartic Acid - 4
-
Glutamic Acid - 4
-
Histidine - 6
-
Cysteine - 8
-
Aspartic Acid- 6
-
Glutamic Acid- 2
-
Cysteine - 5
-
Lysine -6
-
Tyrosine - 8
-
Arginine -12.5
Questão 88
Questão
The effectiveness of heat killing is altered by:
Responda
-
Temperature
-
Time
-
Conductance
-
Pressure
-
Staining
-
Water Absorbancy
Questão 89
Questão
At 15 PSI steam, the boiling point of water is
Responda
-
120
-
121
-
123
-
100
-
125
Questão 90
Questão
The basic microscope can visualize objects down to [blank_start]0.2[blank_end] micrometers. The microscope consists of [blank_start]eyepiece[blank_end], [blank_start]specimen stage[blank_end], [blank_start]objective lens[blank_end], [blank_start]condenser[blank_end], [blank_start]light source[blank_end], and [blank_start]iris diaphragm[blank_end].
Responda
-
0.2
-
eyepiece
-
specimen stage
-
objective lens
-
condenser
-
light source
-
iris diaphragm
Questão 91
Questão
DNA absorbs UV light at [blank_start]260[blank_end]. Absorbance of UV light for proteins depends on their [blank_start]side chains[blank_end], but is approximately [blank_start]280[blank_end]. The 260/280 ratio for pure protein is [blank_start]0.55[blank_end].
Responda
-
260
-
280
-
side chains
-
0.55
Questão 92
Questão
The absorbency max for the biuret assay is
Responda
-
540
-
465
-
595
-
582
Questão 93
Questão
Technological minaturization:
Responda
-
cuvette less spectrophotometry
-
sample of 5 to 0.5 microliters
-
Path length of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm
-
Takes 10 seconds
-
Path length of 1 cm
-
Takes 5 seconds
-
Sacrifices a great deal of your sample
Questão 94
Questão
If a solution is older, when performing your gram stain you expect to see:
Responda
-
Gram neagtive
-
Gram positive
-
Neither, they won't stain at all
Questão 95
Questão
When are acid-fast stains used?
Responda
-
Waxy cell walls
-
After gram stains
-
Endospores
-
Flagella
Questão 96
Questão
The stains for an acid fast stain are:
Responda
-
carbol-fuschin and methylene blue
-
carbol-fuschin and coomassie blue
-
malachite green and methylene blue
-
safranin only
Questão 97
Questão
What is the liefson stain used for? Which stains does it use?
Responda
-
Flagella: Crysal Violet and a mordant
-
Flagella: Only crystal violet
-
Endospore: Malachite green and moist heat
-
Endospore: Only Crystal Violet
Questão 98
Questão
The chemical needs of a cell are:
[blank_start]Carbon[blank_end]: the backbone of most cells
[blank_start]Oxygen[blank_end] & Hydrogen
Nitrogen: All [blank_start]amino[blank_end] acids
Phosphorus: [blank_start]DNA[blank_end], [blank_start]RNA[blank_end], [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]
Sulfur: [blank_start]cysteine[blank_end], [blank_start]methionine[blank_end] and [blank_start]cofactors[blank_end]
Calcium: [blank_start]Endspores[blank_end], [blank_start]signalling[blank_end] and [blank_start]cofactors[blank_end]
Trace elements: Enzymatic [blank_start]cofactors[blank_end]
Responda
-
Carbon
-
Oxygen
-
amino
-
DNA
-
RNA
-
ATP
-
cysteine
-
methionine
-
cofactors
-
Endospores
-
signalling
-
cofactors
-
cofactors
Questão 99
Questão
Mannitol Salt Agar
Responda
-
Selective
-
Differential
-
Enrichment
Questão 100
Questão
Blood Agar Plates
Responda
-
Selective
-
Differential
-
Enrichment
Questão 101
Questão
SIM Deep
Responda
-
Selective
-
Differential
-
Enrichment
Questão 102
Questão
When is something considered healthy or sterile:
Responda
-
There are 1000 bacteria/ mL or less
-
There are 100000 bacteria/ mL or less
Questão 103
Questão
Rifamycin/Rifampin
Responda
-
most useful against mycobacterium
-
inhibits mRNA synthesis
-
highly permeable into cells
-
inhibits DNA gyrase
-
broad spectrum
Questão 104
Questão
If a series of reactions are done in parallel, we can alter all variables and compare enzyme rates
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 105
Questão
Under optimal conditions, and with an excess of substrate, the limiting steps in how fast the enzyme can catalyze is:
Responda
-
E + S -> ES
-
ES -> E+P
-
EP-> E+P
Questão 106
Questão
What does 1 Unit of enzyme mean?
Responda
-
How heavy the enzyme is
-
The enzyme will catalyze 1 micromole in 1 minute
-
The initial velocity is equal to the maximal velocity
-
The specific activity of the enzyme is the same in different pH conditions
Questão 107
Questão
Purification by properties:
Solubility: [blank_start]salting out[blank_end]
Ionic Charge: [blank_start]Ion[blank_end] [blank_start]exchange[blank_end] chromatography, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing
[blank_start]Polarity[blank_end]: Reverse phase and hydrophobic chromatography
Size: Dialysis, [blank_start]size[blank_end]-exclusion chromatography, gel [blank_start]electrophoresis[blank_end]
[blank_start]Binding[blank_end] [blank_start]specificity[blank_end]: affinity chromatography
Responda
-
salting out
-
Polarity
-
Ion
-
exchange
-
size
-
electrophoresis
-
Binding
-
specificity
Questão 108
Questão
What is initial purification, such as centrifuging, useful for?
Responda
-
If the protein is soluble, it can be partially purified by removed larger contaminants
-
If the protein is NOT soluble, it can be partially purified by removed larger contaminants
-
If the protein is soluble, it can be partially purified by removed significantly smaller DNA molecules
-
The protein does not need to go through initial purification
Questão 109
Questão
The supernatant after purification can be further treated by:
Responda
-
Altering temperature
-
Altering pH
-
Altering salinity
-
Altering nutrients
Questão 110
Questão
A method used where salt concentration is increased to purify proteins based on their solubility:
Responda
-
Ion Exchange Chromatography
-
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
-
Salting Out
Questão 111
Questão
Dialysis is the process of adding salt to a solution to continue purification
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 112
Questão
Dialysis:
Responda
-
Will occur perfectly after one step
-
Requires multiple steps as the salt concentrations equalize
-
Should not occur when purifying proteins
Questão 113
Questão
Which of the following are matched correctly?
Responda
-
Mobile Phase-a substance that the compounds to be separated pass by or interact with
-
Mobile Phase-the carrier for the compounds to be separated
-
Stationary Phase-a substance that the compounds to be separated pass by or interact with
-
Stationary Phase-the carrier for the compounds to be separated
Questão 114
Questão
Which of the following are in the correct order for filling a chromatography column?
Responda
-
Pouring, packing, loading, running, collecting
-
Packing, pouring, loading, running, collecting
-
Loading, packing, pouring, running, collecting
-
Packing, loading, pouring, running, collecting
Questão 115
Questão
When does more mobile phase liquid need to be added to the column?
Responda
-
When the level of liquid is equal to the solid beads
-
When the level of liquid is approximately 2 cm below the beads
-
You are never required to add more mobile phase
Questão 116
Questão
Which of the following travel through Vo? (Vo= volume outside the beads)
Responda
-
Large proteins
-
Moderate sized proteins
-
Small Proteins
-
None of the above
Questão 117
Questão
Which of the following through Vi? (Vi= volume inside the beads)
Responda
-
Large proteins
-
Moderate proteins
-
Small proteins
-
None of the above
Questão 118
Questão
The partition coefficient is the fraction of the volume of the column available to the sample
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 119
Questão
What is the partition coefficient for a protein with column volume 10 mL and void volume 4 mL for a small sized proteins?
Responda
-
0.67
-
0
-
1
Questão 120
Questão
Which of the following ion exchange chromatography columns are matched correctly?
Responda
-
Anion exchange- Column is +, targets are -
-
Cation exchange- Column is +, targets are -
-
Cation exchange- column is -, targets are +
-
Anion exchange-column is -, targets are +
Questão 121
Questão
Which molecules elute fastest in an ion exchange chromatography?
Responda
-
Neutral
-
Highly positive charge
-
Highly negative charge
-
Depends on the charge of the column
-
A and D
-
B and C
-
They will transfer at the same rate
Questão 122
Questão
When trying to purify an antibody, the best type of chromatography to use is size exclusion
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 123
Questão
Which lists the chromatography options in most specific to least specific?
Responda
-
Affinity, Ion, Size
-
Size, Ion, Affinity
-
Affinity, Size, Ion
-
Ion, Affinity, Size
Questão 124
Questão
In an electrophoresis, velocity is directly proportional to [blank_start]charge[blank_end] and inversely proportional to [blank_start]size[blank_end] and [blank_start]shape[blank_end].
Responda
-
charge
-
size
-
shape
Questão 125
Questão
SDS-PAGE stands for [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] [blank_start]dodecyl[blank_end] [blank_start]sulfate[blank_end] [blank_start]polyacrylamide[blank_end] gel electrophoresis. SDS is a detergent that will [blank_start]denature[blank_end] proteins and give them a [blank_start]negative[blank_end] charge. Acrylamide is a plastic monomer, used industrially that can be chained together. Acrylamide is found to be [blank_start]toxic[blank_end] and is approximately [blank_start]4[blank_end] micrograms/g in one bag of chips. Toxic effects are seen at [blank_start]10[blank_end] mg/kg. You would require [blank_start]938[blank_end] bags of chips in one day to die if you weighed 75 kg.
Responda
-
sodium
-
dodecyl
-
sulfate
-
polyacrylamide
-
denature
-
negative
-
toxic
-
4
-
10
-
938
Questão 126
Questão
Which of the following are acrylamide gel ingredients?
Responda
-
Suitable buffer solution
-
Bis-acrylamide- cross linking
-
Acrylamide- forms chains
-
Ammonium persulfate- forms free radicals to catalyze polymerization
-
TEMED- forms free radicals to catalyze polymerization
-
BIs-acrylamide- forms chains
-
Acrylamide- cross linking
Questão 127
Questão
Protein samples are boiled for [blank_start]5[blank_end] minutes in 5x loading buffer to be denatured. They are then coated with 10% [blank_start]SDS[blank_end], 20% [blank_start]glycerol[blank_end], 0.2 M Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 0.05% [blank_start]bromophenol[blank_end] blue, 10 mM B-mercaptoethanol. Gel is cast by mixing acrylamide, bisacrylamide, APS, TEMED, SDS and buffer. It is poured between glass or plastic plates. [blank_start]Oxygen[blank_end] will inhibit the polymerization.
Responda
-
5
-
SDS
-
glycerol
-
bromophenol
-
Oxygen
Questão 128
Questão
When you are wanting to visualize a gel with coomassie blue stain, what is the procedure?
Responda
-
Stain 10 minutes, Soak in buffer for ten minutes, repeat
-
Stain for 25 minutes
-
Stain for 10 minutes, soak in buffer for 5 minutes. No repeated cycles required
-
No staining is required to visualize the gel
Questão 129
Questão
A stacking gel contains 2 gels, 2 buffers, and 2 pH's
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 130
Questão
Label the pH of each part of the gel (located on the left hand side), which part of the gels stacking or running (located in the middle), and which molecule is chlorine, glycine and protein.
Responda
-
8.3
-
6.8
-
8.8
-
Stacking
-
Running
-
Glycine
-
Chlorine
-
Protein
Questão 131
Questão
What does a urea page gel separate proteins based on?
Responda
-
Size
-
Charge
-
Size and Charge
-
Temperature
-
Temperature and charge
Questão 132
Questão
What does a native gel separate proteins based on?
Responda
-
Conformation, Charge, Solubility
-
Conformation, Charge
-
Conformation, Solubility
-
Solubility, Charge
Questão 133
Questão
An acid urea gel will run the same was as an SDS-PAGE gel
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 134
Questão
A 2D-PAGE gel:
Responda
-
Separates based on size and charge
-
Requires ampholytes
-
Are ALWAYS separated by size first
-
Are time consuming
-
Do not require SDS
Questão 135
Questão
What is the usefulness of a 2D gel:
Responda
-
To compare samples from different sources to determine protein differences
-
To compare male and females chromosomal DNA
-
To compare the possible conformational structure of one proteins
-
They are rarely useful as they provide smudging
Questão 136
Questão
The difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity is that innate is specific, while adaptive is not.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 137
Questão
Which of the following antibodies are correctly matched with their "job"?
Responda
-
IgG- primary antibody account for 80% of antibodies
-
IgM- used in the external environments (gut, lungs, etc)
-
IgA-First secreted at sign of infection
-
IgD- dispensable, as the body does not REQUIRE them to get rid of an infection
-
IgE-causes histamine release
Questão 138
Questão
There are two questions the immune system asks itself before producing b cells. Which of the following is one of them?
Responda
-
Is there room for storage of the B cells within the body?
-
Does the B-cell make host binding antibodies?
-
Does the B-cell make useful antigens?
Questão 139
Questão
Which of the following are two ways B cells can be activated?
Responda
-
Mitosis
-
Chromosomal Signalling
-
Plasma cells
-
Memory cells
-
C and D
-
B and D
Questão 140
Questão
Which of the following are steps in the purification of antibodies from blood?
Responda
-
Cells are spun out to obtain serum
-
Ion exchange chromatography column is produced which binds Fc region of the antibody
-
Plasma is poured through column to bind antibodies
-
Elution is by a high pH buffer and then neutralized in a fraction tube
-
Samples are tested by SDS-PAGE to determine peak fraction
Questão 141
Questão
Horseradish peroxidase is often used in fluorescent labelling
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 142
Questão
A subset of lab IgG Uses:
1.[blank_start]Western[blank_end] [blank_start]Blot[blank_end]: To determine quanitity and bad identity on a gel
2. [blank_start]ELISA[blank_end]: To determine how much of a protein is present in a mixture
3. [blank_start]Agglutination[blank_end] [blank_start]test[blank_end]: to determine the identity of a pathogen
4. [blank_start]Ouchterlony[blank_end] [blank_start]Diffusion[blank_end] [blank_start]Assay[blank_end]: To determine antigens/antibodies present in a sample
5. [blank_start]Fluorescent[blank_end] staining: To localize proteins in a cell
Responda
-
Western
-
Blot
-
ELISA
-
Agglutination
-
test
-
Ouchterlony
-
Diffusion
-
Assay
-
Fluorescent
Questão 143
Questão
What is the half life of IgG in days?
Responda
-
20
-
21
-
22
-
23
Questão 144
Questão
What is the difference between ELISA and Western blotting techniques?
Responda
-
ELISA uses a membrane
-
Western blotting uses a membrane
-
ELISA does not us proteins
-
Western blotting uses DNA
Questão 145
Questão
Plasmid Types
[blank_start]Conjugative[blank_end] plasmids- transmitted during conjugation, carry a variety of information
[blank_start]Resistance[blank_end] plasmids- protect against environmental factors, multiple drug resistance plasmids
[blank_start]Colicinogenic[blank_end] plasmids- codes for proteins that kill other microbes
[blank_start]Degradative[blank_end] plasmids- contain genes for novel catholic enzymes
[blank_start]Virulence[blank_end]- increases the pathogenicity of a bacteria
Responda
-
Virulence
-
Degradative
-
Colicinogenic
-
Resistance
-
Conjugative
Questão 146
Questão
Typical components of natural plasmids are:
1. [blank_start]Origin[blank_end] of [blank_start]replication[blank_end] to allow for more production
2. [blank_start]Positive[blank_end] selection gene to force cells to keep the plasmid at high numbers
3. [blank_start]Insert[blank_end] [blank_start]differentiation[blank_end] gene to allow differentiation from normal cells compared to plasmid containing cells
4. [blank_start]Cloning[blank_end] sites to allow places to insert foreign DNA
Responda
-
Origin
-
replication
-
Positive
-
Insert
-
differentiation
-
Cloning
Questão 147
Questão
Assays should be:
Sensitive
[blank_start]Specific[blank_end]
Rapid
[blank_start]Quantitative[blank_end]
Responda
-
Specific
-
Quantitative
Questão 148
Questão
The following are important volume concepts in chromatography:
Vt- volume of the [blank_start]column[blank_end]
Vo- volume [blank_start]outside[blank_end] the beads
Vi-volume [blank_start]inside[blank_end] the beads
Ve- volume at which the sample is [blank_start]eluted[blank_end]
Responda
-
eluted
-
inside
-
outside
-
column
Questão 149
Questão
Small proteins travel through Vt
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 150
Questão
Which of the following describe why a spin column is used?
Responda
-
To purify proteins through charge
-
To extract DNA from cleared bacterial lysate
-
TO purify proteins based on size
Questão 151
Questão
Which of the following could be purified using an affinity chromatography column?
Responda
-
Substrate
-
Carbohydrate
-
Neurons
Questão 152
Questão
A gel is used to [blank_start]slow[blank_end] down movement, prevent [blank_start]diffusion[blank_end] of the proteins and create [blank_start]separation[blank_end]
Responda
-
separation
-
diffusion
-
slow
Questão 153
Questão
Which of the following stains are matched with their correct procedures?
Responda
-
Coomassie Blue- stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat
-
Sliver Nitrate- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours
-
Fluorescent- sensitive but requires specialized equipment
-
Coomassie Blue- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours
-
Coomassie Blue- sensitive but requires specialized equipment
-
Silver Nitrate-sensitive but requires specialized equipment
-
Sliver Nitrate- stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat
-
Fluorescent- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours
-
Fluorescent stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat
Questão 154
Questão
?Which of the following can help with band resolution?
Responda
-
Use more volume
-
Use less volume
-
Concentrate the sample
-
Run a stacking gel
-
Run a shorter gel
-
Run a longer gel
Questão 155
Questão
Acid urea gel contain running buffer contains 5% [blank_start]acetic acid[blank_end]. It will protonate some R-groups, giving many proteins an overall [blank_start]positive[blank_end] charge. It contains a high [blank_start]acrylamide[blank_end] content of 15%. It runs slower that an SDS-PAGE and [blank_start]backwards[blank_end].
Responda
-
acetic acid
-
positive
-
acrylamide
-
backwards
Questão 156
Questão
Native gels mobility of proteins depends on [blank_start]size[blank_end], [blank_start]charge[blank_end] and [blank_start]conformation[blank_end]. The charge depends on the buffer used. The gel runs substantially [blank_start]slower[blank_end] than SDS-PAGE and some sample may not enter the gel based on charge at their specific pH.
Responda
-
size
-
charge
-
conformation
-
slower
Questão 157
Questão
Sickle-cell anemia occurs because of the replacements of valine with glutamic acid
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 158
Questão
[blank_start]Western blotting[blank_end] is a method to look for a protein of interest from a gel using antibodies against the protein. A [blank_start]polyacrylamide[blank_end] protein gel i first run. The gel is then transferred to a membrane with a high [blank_start]affinity[blank_end] for protein such as [blank_start]capillary[blank_end] transfer or [blank_start]electrophoretic[blank_end] transfer. The membrane has a high affinity for protein so all empty spots much be filled with [blank_start]BSA[blank_end] or [blank_start]Skim[blank_end] [blank_start]Milk[blank_end] Powder. Once blocked, the [blank_start]primary[blank_end] antibody may be added to blot and allowed to bind A [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] protein may then be used to detect the presence of the primary antibody. They are helpful for detection of a [blank_start]protein[blank_end] from a sample, [blank_start]expression[blank_end] profiles of protein, verification of a [blank_start]transgenic[blank_end] organism, or to detect infections, such as [blank_start]HIV[blank_end].
Responda
-
Western blotting
-
polyacrylamide
-
affinity
-
capillary
-
electrophoretic
-
BSA
-
Skim
-
Milk
-
primary
-
secondary
-
protein
-
expression
-
transgenic
-
HIV
Questão 159
Questão
Which of the following labelling methods results in electrons exposing X-ray film layered over the blot as they decay?
Responda
-
Isotope Labelling
-
Enzyme labelling
-
Fluorescent Labelling
Questão 160
Questão
Which of the following is an example of enzyme labelling?
Responda
-
Horseradish phosphotase
-
Horseradish phosphate
-
ALkaline Phosphotase
-
Alkaline peroxidase
Questão 161
Questão
Which of the following labelling methods can often be found in crime scenes?
Responda
-
Enzyme labelling
-
Fluorescent labelling
-
Isotope Labelling
Questão 162
Questão
Fluorescence microscopy:
Culture cells or tissue sections are placed on [blank_start]slides[blank_end].
Cells are fixed using [blank_start]paraformaldehyde[blank_end] or methanol/acetone and rinsed.
Cells are permeabilized using dilute [blank_start]detergent[blank_end].
Cells are blocked to reduce [blank_start]nonspecific[blank_end] binding.
[blank_start]Primary[blank_end] antibody is added/washed
[blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] fluorescent antibody is added/ washed.
Responda
-
paraformaldehyde
-
slides
-
detergent
-
nonspecific
-
Primary
-
Secondary
Questão 163
Questão
Types of Fluorescent Microscopy:
Standard: whole image is illuminated and out of focus light makes the in focus image [blank_start]fuzzy[blank_end]
Pro: [blank_start]Cheap[blank_end]
Cons: [blank_start]Fuzziness[blank_end] and [blank_start]photodamage[blank_end]
Confocal: whole image is illuminated and out of focus light is [blank_start]blocked[blank_end]
Pro: very good [blank_start]resolution[blank_end]
Con: [blank_start]photodamage[blank_end]
Two photon: less energetic light is used (infrared) and [blank_start]2[blank_end] photons must hit the dye simultaneously to [blank_start]excite[blank_end] it
Pro: lower photo damage, better tissue [blank_start]penetration[blank_end]
Con: [blank_start]costly[blank_end], somewhat [blank_start]inferior[blank_end] resolution to confocal
Responda
-
fuzzy
-
Cheap
-
Fuzziness
-
photodamage
-
resolution
-
photodamage
-
blocked
-
2
-
excite
-
penetration
-
costly
-
inferior
Questão 164
Questão
Typical components of vectors:
Original of [blank_start]replication[blank_end]
[blank_start]Positive[blank_end] selection gene
Insert [blank_start]differentiation[blank_end] gene
[blank_start]Cloning[blank_end] sites
Responda
-
Positive
-
differentiation
-
Cloning
-
replication
Questão 165
Questão
How does EcoRI prevent it's own DNA from being cut?
Responda
-
Addition of methyl to all A's int eh sequence
-
Addition of methyl to the second A of GAATC sequence
-
Addition of methyl to the third A of GAATC sequence
Questão 166
Questão
How often will the sequence GAATTC show up in the DNA?
Responda
-
4
-
16
-
64
-
256
-
4096
Questão 167
Questão
A [blank_start]low[blank_end] concentration allows for larger band to be resolved while small bands run through. A [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentration allows small bands to be resolved while large bands stack together. [blank_start]Reptation[blank_end] occurs as large DNA (>25,000) reaches the resolvable limit and otherwise will not [blank_start]separate[blank_end]. The DNA will travel [blank_start]one[blank_end] way like a snake and no longer [blank_start]tumbles[blank_end]. Thus, the [blank_start]leading[blank_end] edge determine the speed and cannot change.
Responda
-
Reptation
-
separate
-
one
-
tumbles
-
low
-
higher
-
leading
Questão 168
Questão
A PFGE is used to show separation of DNA approximately 15000 bp or bigger
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 169
Questão
To isolate the plasmid:
1. Culture pelleted to remove broth
2. Cells are resuspended in [blank_start]Tris[blank_end], EDTA, [blank_start]Glucose[blank_end] or Salt
3. Cells are lysed with things such as NaOH, [blank_start]SDS[blank_end], Lysozymes, [blank_start]boiling[blank_end]
4. Solution is treated to [blank_start]precipitate[blank_end] debris
5. Spin out debris, [blank_start]plasmid[blank_end] remains in supernatant
Plasmid precipitation:
1. Salt added to supernatant-[blank_start]NaCl[blank_end], LiCl, NaAc
2. 1-3 volumes of alcohol added to solution-[blank_start]ethanol[blank_end] or [blank_start]isopropanol[blank_end]
3. Chill on ice
4. Spin in centrifuge to collect DNA. The DNA is now found as the [blank_start]pellet[blank_end].
5. Wash with 70% [blank_start]ethanol[blank_end] (to desalt)
6. Dry and resuspend in water or TE. Typically a buffer is chosen to provide [blank_start]protection[blank_end].
Responda
-
Tris
-
Glucose
-
SDS
-
boiling
-
precipitate
-
plasmid
-
NaCl
-
ethanol
-
isopropanol
-
pellet
-
ethanol
-
protection
Questão 170
Questão
Which of the following are basic components of PCR Mechanism?
Responda
-
Template DNA
-
Template RNA
-
Oligonucleotide primers
-
dNTP
-
Disaccharide primers
-
Polymerase
-
Heat-stable polymerase
-
Buffer
Questão 171
Questão
During which cycle do we find the first properly sized DNA fragments?
Responda
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
Questão 172
Questão
What is the annealing temperature of the following sequence? GGTAACTGAATT
Responda
-
27
-
32
-
40
-
35
Questão 173
Questão
Which control are we most concerned about in PCR?
Responda
-
Negative control
-
Positive control
Questão 174
Questão
When determining the annealing temperature, which PCR machine is best to use?
Responda
-
Gradient
-
Basic
-
Real-time
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