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Gen Vet Med Midterm 1

Descrição

Covers POVMR through Fever and hyperthermia. There may be a few fluid therapy questions thrown in there (more on part 2)
karahm
Quiz por karahm, atualizado more than 1 year ago
karahm
Criado por karahm quase 11 anos atrás
90
2
0

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a level of refinement for a problem?
Responda
  • Clinical signs
  • Pathophysiology
  • Lab data
  • Tentative diagnosis

Questão 2

Questão
A problem may be refined with accumulation of facts, temporarily inactivated, resolved, but never removed.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a problem oriented medical record?
Responda
  • Approaches each problem separately
  • Excellent for group practice communication
  • Eliminates oversight
  • Excellent for teaching logical and thorough diagnostic approach

Questão 4

Questão
What does bifurcation allow us to do?
Responda
  • Evaluate broad categories of rule outs
  • Potentially use less invasive diagnostic tools
  • Potentially use less expensive diagnotics
  • All of the above

Questão 5

Questão
Check all that are included in the minimum data base.
Responda
  • Signalment
  • System
  • Degree of evaluation
  • Final diagnosis
  • Physical exam findings

Questão 6

Questão
The master problem list may contain vaccine information, HW test, Felv status, or drugs dispensed.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
The last page of the master list acts as an index.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 8

Questão
A problem is anything that will interfere with the animal's well being and will require further evaluation and treatment.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 9

Questão
SOAP is the method utilized for progress notes.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
Which describes the subjective section of a SOAP.
Responda
  • Historical, overall assessment (ex. BAR), observations that are not easily quantified (stronger, better appetite, etc)
  • Daily PE findings, quantitated data (lab results, rad findings, ECG, neuro exam)
  • Interpretation and explanation of problem at this time period, current differential diagnosis, evaluation of treatment, how this case differs from typical case, shows student's understanding of case
  • What tests will be performed in the next 24 hrs, list therapeutic objectives and goals, what treatments will be administered in the next 24 hrs (include dose, frequency, route of administration), client education

Questão 11

Questão
Which of the following describes the assessment section of a SOAP?
Responda
  • Historical, overall assessment (BAR), observations not easily quantitated (stronger, better appetite, etc)
  • Daily PE findings, quantitated data (lab results, rad findings, ECG, neuro exam)
  • Interpretation and explanation of problem at this time period, current differential diagnosis, evaluation of treatment, how this case differs from typical case, shows student's understanding of case
  • What tests will be performed in the next 24 hrs, list therapeutic objectives and goals, what treatment will be administered in the next 24 hrs (include dose, frequency, route of administration), client education

Questão 12

Questão
Which of the following are to be included in recording client education.
Responda
  • Time of communication
  • Person talked with
  • Summarize conversation
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 13

Questão
Which of the following is FALSE?
Responda
  • Shock occurs when oxygen delivery does not equal oxygen consumption
  • Hypovolemic shock can be due to GDV, caval syndrome, cardiac tamponade
  • Distributive shock can occur due to vasodilation effectively removing blood from circulation, sepsis, or anaphlaxis
  • Cardiac shock can result from decreased cardiac output

Questão 14

Questão
Blood pressure can change when there are changes to systemic vascular resistance and/or cardiac output.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a compensatory response to hypotension?
Responda
  • Sympathetic activtion
  • RAAS
  • ADH
  • Vasodilation

Questão 16

Questão
Many of the clinical signs of hypovolemic shock are due to compensatory mechanisms.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
Which set of clinical signs is associated with compensated shock?
Responda
  • Normal mentation, increased heart rate, normal to decrease temperature, normal to tacky pale mucous membranes, normal to around 2 second CRT, normal (+/- bounding pulses) blood pressure, normal to increased (1-4) lactate
  • Mentation may be depressed, obtunded, stupor; heart rate increased in dogs, decreased in cats; decreased temperature; pale, cyanotic mucous membranes; CRT> 2 seconds; low blood pressure; lactate> 3
  • Normal mentation, decreased heart rate, normal to increased temperature, normal to tacky pale mucous membranes, normal CRT, normal (+/- bounding pulses) blood pressure, normal to increased (1-4) lactate
  • Mentation may be depressed, obtunded, stupor; heart rate decreased in dogs, increased in cats; increased temperature; pale, cyanotic mucous membranes; CRT> 2 seconds; elevated blood pressure; lactate> 3

Questão 18

Questão
Which set of clinical signs is associated with early decompensation?
Responda
  • Mentation may be depressed, obtunded, stupor; heart rate increased in dogs, decreased in cats; decreased temperature; pale, cyanotic mucous membranes; CRT> 2 seconds; low blood pressure; lactate> 3
  • Normal mentation, increased heart rate, normal to decreased temperature, normal to tacky, pale mucous membranes, normal to around 2 seconds CRT, normal (+/- bounding pulses), normal to increased (1-4) lactate
  • Mentation may be depressed, obtunded, stupor; heart rate decreased in dogs, increased in cats; increased temperature; pale, cyanotic mucous membranes; CRT> 2 seconds; low blood pressure; lactate> 3
  • Normal mentation, decreased heart rate, normal to decreased temperature, normal to tacky, pale mucous membranes, normal to around 2 seconds CRT, normal (+/- bounding pulses), decreased lactate

Questão 19

Questão
What is the shock dose for dogs when using crystalloid IV fluids?
Responda
  • 90 ml/kg
  • 80 ml/kg
  • 70 ml/kg
  • 60 ml/kg

Questão 20

Questão
You should give most of the shock dose as quickly as you can.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Which of the following is NOT true about hypertonic saline?
Responda
  • It is 7% saline (NaCl)
  • When given IV it results in rapid movement of interstitial and intracellular fluid into intravascular space
  • It has a short lived effect
  • It is given in small volume over 20-30 minutes

Questão 22

Questão
Which of the following is/are reasons to use colloids during shock? Check all that you think apply.
Responda
  • Hyperproteinemia
  • Hypoproteinemia
  • Lack of response to initial crystalloid administration
  • To improve hydration after initial crystalloid administration
  • None of these

Questão 23

Questão
Vasopressors and positive inotropes are used due to poor response to volume replacement and for hypovolemic shock.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
Giving oxygen in shock provides oxygen to tissues but it may not change oxygen transport.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
Hypothermia improves vascular response to fluids which is why it is important to use passive warming. Coming out of hypothermia too rapidly will impair the vascular response.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
What % of body weight is blood volume?
Responda
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8

Questão 27

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an indication for fluid therapy?
Responda
  • Rehydration
  • Expansion of intravascular volume
  • Decrease plasma oncotic pressure
  • Correct electrolyte imbalances

Questão 28

Questão
Which of the following clinical signs is associated with 6-8% dehydration?
Responda
  • Undetectable
  • Delayed skin tent
  • Dry mucous membranes
  • Sunken eyes
  • Weak pulses

Questão 29

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of oral fluid therapy?
Responda
  • Most physiologic route
  • No risk of overhydration
  • Reduce electrolyte loss is dehydration
  • Rapid absorption

Questão 30

Questão
Subcutaneaous fluids are ok for mild dehydration but there is moderate risk of overhydration.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Hypertonic solutions should only be administered in a central catheter when given IV.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
You should not give maintenance solutions unless a patient is hydrated.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
Hpertonic saline causes a rapid increase in intracellular volume.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 34

Questão
Which of the following are other treatments for shock, once the animal has been stabilized? Check all that apply.
Responda
  • GI protectants to treat/prevent GI ulcers
  • GI protectants that are H2-blockers
  • Antibiotics for septic shock
  • Antibiotics for patients with GI hemorrhage
  • Antibiotics for compensatory shock
  • Analgesia, but not opiods
  • Sodium bicarbonate to treat severe acidosis if present after volume replacement

Questão 35

Questão
Sepsis is a subset of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
Which of the following distinguishes severe sepsis from septic shock?
Responda
  • Severe sepsis has hypotension that responds to fluid therapy and supportive care. It also requires vasopressors.
  • Severe sepsis has hypotension that responds to fluid therapy and supportive care. It does not require vasopressors.
  • Septic shock has hypotension, responds to fluid therapy,and requires vasopressors.
  • Septic shock has hypotension, is unresponsive to fluid therapy, and requires vasopressors.

Questão 37

Questão
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Responda
  • Hypovolemic shock- SIRS infection and hypotension
  • Septic shock- vasodilation + vasoconstriction + thrombosis
  • Cardiogenic shock- decreased myocardial function
  • Distributive shock- excessive capillary permeability and fluid loss

Questão 38

Questão
Check all that are early clinical signs of sepsis.
Responda
  • Depression
  • Fever
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Pale mucous membranes
  • Rapid CRT
  • Weak pulses

Questão 39

Questão
Urine should be cultured in suspected cases of sepsis. Bacteriuria can occur in sepsis without clinical signs of UTI.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
Which of the following would NOT be expected from laboratory tests in a case of sepsis? (sepsis is the only problem)
Responda
  • Post renal azotemia
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
  • Elevated liver enzymes

Questão 41

Questão
Which of the following is NOT or would not be part of a treatment plan for sepsis?
Responda
  • Narrow spectrum antibiotics
  • Nutritional support
  • Treat for shock if present
  • Treat complications such as DIC, organ failure, hypoglycemia
  • These are all used for treatment of sepsis

Questão 42

Questão
Which of the following defines hyperthermia?
Responda
  • Elevation in core body temperature due to a changed thermoregulatory set point in the hypothlamus
  • Elevation in body temperature above normal range that occurs without a change in the hypothalamic set point

Questão 43

Questão
Heat gain occurs by 2 broad mechanisms. Which of the following does NOT result in decreased loss?
Responda
  • Catecholamines
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Piloerection
  • Seek warm environment

Questão 44

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a method of heat loss?
Responda
  • Vsodilation
  • Panting
  • Postural change
  • Seek cold environment
  • All of the above are methods of heat loss

Questão 45

Questão
Which of the following are possible causes for fever? Check all that apply.
Responda
  • Infection
  • Immune-mediated
  • Neoplastia
  • Inflammation
  • Drugs
  • Toxins

Questão 46

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic tool for stage 2 diagnosis of FUO? (fever of unknown origin)
Responda
  • Protein electrophoresis
  • Bone marrow aspirate
  • Dental rads
  • FNA of masses, lymph nodes

Questão 47

Questão
When doing a therapeutic antibiotic trial for FUO, how long, minimum, should the full dose be given?
Responda
  • 5 days
  • 1 weeks
  • 10 days
  • 2 weeks

Questão 48

Questão
Which of the following is FALSE regarding a therapeutic corticosteroid trial for FUO?
Responda
  • If truly immune-mediated, pyrexia and clinical signs are usually resolved in 48-72 hrs
  • Many conditions will respond to steroids initially
  • Complicates diagnosis of neoplasia
  • You must rule out infection as the cause first

Questão 49

Questão
NSAIDs act centrally on the hypothalamus and reduce prostaglandin production via inhibition of cycloxygenase which results in peripheral vasoconstriction.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Which of the following does NOT result from excessive core body temperature associated with heat stroke/hyperthermia?
Responda
  • Intracellular alterations
  • Protein denaturation
  • Enzyme activation
  • Cell membrane instability

Questão 51

Questão
Heat stroke can damage the thermoregulatory center. This leads to a predisposition to subsequent hyperthermic episodes.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 52

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a renal effect from heat stroke?
Responda
  • Indirect thermal injury to renal tubular epithelium
  • Hypoxia due to hypovolemia
  • Microthrombi associated with DIC
  • Myoglobin from rhabdomyolysis is nephrotoxic and may exacerbate renal tubular dz

Questão 53

Questão
Heat stroke can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 54

Questão
Which of the following treatments is contraindicated for hyperthermia?
Responda
  • Spray with cold water
  • Cool with fan after spraying with water
  • Clip thick haircoats from the abdomen and trachea
  • Cool water enema

Questão 55

Questão
Which of the following is NOT indicated for treatment of hyperthermia?
Responda
  • H2 blockers
  • Broad spectrum abx (unicin or ampicillin/baytril combo)
  • NSAIDs
  • Sucralfate

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