Questão 1
Questão
Correctly label the neuron.
Questão 2
Questão
A Synapse is a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
Responda
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axon
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dendrite
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neurotransmitter
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synaptic vesicle
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receptor
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nucleus
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synapse
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axon hillock
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vesicles
Questão 3
Questão
Excitatory neurotransmitters:
Questão 4
Questão
inhibitory neurotransmitters:
Questão 5
Questão
What type of Neuron is this?
Responda
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Unipolar
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Multipolar
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Bipolar
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Anaxonic
Questão 6
Questão
What kind of Neuron is this?
Responda
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anaxonic
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unipolar
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bipolar
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multipolar
Questão 7
Questão
What type of Neuron is this?
Responda
-
multipolar
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bipolar
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unipolar
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anaxonic
Questão 8
Questão
What type of Neruon is this?
Responda
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bipolar
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unipolar
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anaxonic
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multipolar
Questão 9
Questão
This is an Ependymal Cell. It is found in the Central Nervous System. What does it do?
Responda
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Line the central cancel and ventricles where they form an epithelium known as ependyma, and monitor Cerebrospinal Fluid.
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Myelinate the CNS axons and provide structural framework.
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Perform phagocytosis to remove cell debris from the CNS.
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Myelinate PNS axons and participate in repair after injury.
Questão 10
Questão
This is an Astrocyte. It is found in the Central Nervous System. Which describes the function of this particular neuroglia?
Responda
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Maintain the blood brain barrier, provide structural support by creating a three-dimensional framework for the CNS through their microfilaments. Repair damaged neural tissue and control the interstitial environment by regulating ion and nutrient concentrations.
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Myelinate axons in the CNS.
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Myelinate axons in the PNS.
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Produce epithelium called ependyma, circulate and produce Cerebrospinal Fluid.
Questão 11
Questão
This neuroglia is an ogliodendrocyte. It is found in the Central Nervous System. Which best describes it's function in the CNS?
Responda
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Myelinate axons by forming a myelin sheath along the length of each axon.
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Provide the blood-brain barrier.
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Form Cerebral Spinal Fluid and manage the concentration of ions and nutrients.
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Remove myelin from axons and perform phagocytosis within the interstitial fluid, removing pathogens and dead or damaged neurons for recycling.
Questão 12
Questão
This is microglia, the smallest of the neuroglia. It is found in the Central Nervous System. It has a very important role. What is it?
Responda
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Perform phagocytosis to remove pathogen, cell debris and waste.
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Myelinate the axons of the neurons in the central nervous system.
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Myelinate the axons of the neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
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Remove the myelin form axons and release neurotransmitters to make skeletal muscle contract.
Questão 13
Questão
This is a satellite cell, abundant in the Peripheral Nervous System. Which statement describes their function?
Questão 14
Questão
This is a Schwann Cell. It is found in the Peripheral Nervous System. What is it's function?
Responda
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Non-myelinating Schwann cells surround the axons in the PNS, while myelinating Schwann Cells are responsible for the myelination of the peripheral axons and participate in repair process after injury.
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Remove debris from the interstitial fluid via phagocytosis.
Questão 15
Questão
The Organisation of the Nervous System
Responda
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Central Nervous System
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Somatic Receptor
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Central Nervous System
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Refractory Nervous System
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Special Sensory Receptors
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Visceral Sensory Receptors
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Somatic Sensory Receptors
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Visceral Sensory Receptors
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Somatic Sensory Receptors
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Special Sensory Receptors
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Somatic Sensory Receptors
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Special Sensory Receptors
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Visceral Sensory Receptors
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Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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Sympathetic Division
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Sympathetic Division
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Somatic Sensory Receptor
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Somatic Nervous System
Questão 16
Questão 17
Questão
Graded Membrane Potential
Questão 18
Questão
Select the correct name for the channels below:
Responda
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Chemically Gated
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Voltage Gated
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Mechanically Gated
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Chemically Gated
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Voltage Gated
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Mechanically Gated
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Chemically Gated
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Voltage Gated
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Mechanically Gated
Questão 19
Questão
Generation of Action Potentials.
Step 1: Depolarisation of the threshold.
* The stimulus that initiates an action potential is a [blank_start]graded depolarisation[blank_end] large enough to open the channels.
* A graded depolarisation brings an [blank_start]area of excitable membrane[blank_end] to threshold [blank_start](-60mV)[blank_end]
Step 2: Activation of Sodium Channels and Rapid Depolarisation.
* The [blank_start]Voltage-Gated[blank_end] sodium channels open (sodium channel activation)
* Sodium Ions, driven by [blank_start]electrical attraction[blank_end] and the chemical gradient, flood into the cell
* The transmembrane potential goes from -60mV (the threshold level) to [blank_start]+30mV[blank_end] (the sodium equilibrium potential)
* The membrane cannot respond to any other stimulation during this time, the [blank_start]Refectory Period[blank_end]
Step 3: Inactivation of Sodium Channels and Activation of Potassium Channels.
* The Voltage-Gated sodium channels [blank_start]close[blank_end] (sodium channel inactivation occurs) at +30mV
* The [blank_start]Voltage-Gated[blank_end] potassium channels are now open, and positively charged potassium ions [blank_start]diffuse out[blank_end] of the cell, shifting the membrane potential back toward [blank_start]resting levels[blank_end].
* [blank_start]Repolarisation[blank_end] begins.
Step 4: Closing of Potassium Channels
* The Voltage-Gated sodium channels regain their normal properties
* The membrane is now capable of generating another action potential if a larger-than-normal stimulus is provided
* The Voltage-Gated potassium channels begin closing at [blank_start]-70mV[blank_end]. Because they do not all close at the same time, potassium loss continues and a [blank_start]temporary hyperpolarisation[blank_end] occurs, bringing the membrane to approximately [blank_start]-90mV[blank_end].
* At the end of the relative Refractory Period, all Voltage-Gated channels have closed and the membrane is back to it's resting state.
Responda
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graded depolarisation
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graded repolarisation
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area of excitable membrane
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the entire cell membrane
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(-60mV)
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(-90mV)
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Voltage-Gated
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mechanically-gated
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electrical attraction
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diffusion
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+30mV
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-90mV
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Refectory Period
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Refractory Period
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close
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remain open
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Voltage-Gated
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chemically gated
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diffuse out
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are actively transported into
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resting levels
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+60mV
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Repolarisation
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Hyperpolarisation
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-70mV
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+30mV
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temporary hyperpolarisation
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ongoing hypopolarisation
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-90mV
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+30mV