Questão 1
Questão
What is the scientific name for cancer?
[blank_start]Oncology[blank_end]
Questão 2
Questão
What is the word used for a cancerous growth?
[blank_start]Malignant[blank_end]
Questão 3
Questão
Carcinomas derive from [blank_start]epithelial cells[blank_end]
Questão 4
Questão
What type of tumour derives from connective tissue?
[blank_start]Sarcomas[blank_end]
Questão 5
Questão
What type of tumour derives from thin layers of tissue surrounding internal organs?
[blank_start]Mesotheliomas[blank_end]
Questão 6
Questão
What type of tumour derives from glial cells in the brain?
[blank_start]Gliomas[blank_end]
Questão 7
Questão
[blank_start]Germinomas[blank_end] derive from germ cells (which are non-[blank_start]differentiated[blank_end] cells)
Responda
-
Germinomas
-
differentiated
Questão 8
Questão
What does leukemia derive from?
[blank_start]Bone marrow[blank_end]
Questão 9
Questão
The proportion of tumour cells dividing and cycling is known as the [blank_start]growth[blank_end] [blank_start]fraction[blank_end]
Questão 10
Questão
Name three folic acid antagonists.
1 - [blank_start]methotrexate[blank_end]
2 - [blank_start]pemetrexed[blank_end]
3 - [blank_start]raltitrexed[blank_end]
Responda
-
methotrexate
-
pemetrexed
-
raltitrexed
Questão 11
Questão
Name four pyrimidine analogues.
1 - [blank_start]fluorouracil[blank_end]
2 - [blank_start]cytarabine[blank_end]
3 - [blank_start]capecitabine[blank_end]
4 - [blank_start]gemcitabine[blank_end]
Responda
-
fluorouracil
-
cytarabine
-
capecitabine
-
gemcitabine
Questão 12
Questão
Name five purine analogues.
1 - [blank_start]mercaptopurine[blank_end]
2 - [blank_start]thioguanine[blank_end]
3 - [blank_start]cladribine[blank_end]
4 - [blank_start]clorabine[blank_end]
5 - [blank_start]fludarabine[blank_end]
Responda
-
mercaptopurine
-
thioguanine
-
cladribine
-
clorabine
-
fludarabine
Questão 13
Questão
Methotrexate works by attacking/inhibiting [blank_start]dihydrofolate[blank_end] reductase. This prevents [blank_start]dihydrofolate[blank_end] being converted into [blank_start]tetrahydrofolate[blank_end].
Responda
-
dihydrofolate
-
dihydrofolate
-
tetrahydrofolate
Questão 14
Questão
Fluorouracil mimics which nitrogenous base?
Responda
-
cytosine
-
guanine
-
thiamine
-
adenine
Questão 15
Questão
Name two main nitrogen mustard based alkylating agents.
1 - [blank_start]chlorambucil[blank_end]
2 - [blank_start]cyclophosphamide[blank_end]
Responda
-
chlorambucil
-
cyclophosphamide
Questão 16
Questão
Alkylating agents, such as [blank_start]cyclophosphamide[blank_end], work by [blank_start]crosslinking[blank_end] between [blank_start]guanine[blank_end] nitrogenous bases. This produces a [blank_start]stable[blank_end] structure which is hard to break meaning DNA is not longer able to [blank_start]replicate[blank_end].
Responda
-
cyclophosphamide
-
crosslinking
-
guanine
-
stable
-
replicate
Questão 17
Questão
Cisplatin and carboplatin are examples of which anticancer type drugs?
[blank_start]platinating agents[blank_end]
Questão 18
Questão
Name two platinating agents.
1 - [blank_start]cisplatin[blank_end]
2 - [blank_start]carboplatin[blank_end]
Questão 19
Questão
Which main element do platinating agents contain?
[blank_start]platinum[blank_end]
Questão 20
Questão
In [blank_start]aqueous[blank_end] conditions, the [blank_start]chlorine[blank_end] group of platinating agents is replaced with [blank_start]water[blank_end]. The nitrogen on the [blank_start]guanine[blank_end] base can displace water and binds tightly to the drug.
Responda
-
aqueous
-
chlorine
-
water
-
guanine
Questão 21
Questão
The bond formed by platinating agents and DNA bases is stronger than the covalent bonds formed between alkylating agents and DNA bases.
Questão 22
Questão
Antitumor antibiotics and derived from [blank_start]Streptomyces[blank_end] species.
Questão 23
Questão
Name six main groups/drugs of antibiotics used in cancer chemotherapy (in alphabetical order).
1 - [blank_start]anthracyclines[blank_end]
2 - [blank_start]bleomycin[blank_end]
3 - [blank_start]dactinomycin[blank_end]
4 - [blank_start]hydroxycarbamide[blank_end]
5 - [blank_start]mitomycin C[blank_end]
6 - [blank_start]procarbazine[blank_end]
Responda
-
anthracyclines
-
bleomycin
-
dactinomycin
-
hydroxycarbamide
-
mitomycin C
-
procarbazine
Questão 24
Questão
The main anticancer anthracycline antibiotic is [blank_start]doxorubicin[blank_end].
Questão 25
Questão
Anthracyclines are used mainly in lung, breast cancer, and leukaemia.
Questão 26
Questão
Which enzyme does doxorubicin inhibit?
[blank_start]topoisomerase II[blank_end]
Questão 27
Questão
What is the main adverse effect of anthracyclines?
[blank_start]Cardiotoxicity[blank_end]
Questão 28
Questão
Dactinomycin is used mainly for breast, stomach, lung, pancreas, bladder, and anal cancers.
Questão 29
Questão
Dactinomycin works mainly by [blank_start]intercalating[blank_end] with DNA at the [blank_start]transcription initiation[blank_end] complex, which prevents [blank_start]RNA polymerase[blank_end] action.
Responda
-
intercalating
-
transcription initiation
-
RNA polymerase
Questão 30
Questão
Bleomycin is used mainly for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Questão 31
Questão
Bleomycin works by [blank_start]chelating[blank_end] with [blank_start]metal[blank_end] ions (mainly [blank_start]iron[blank_end]), which produces [blank_start]free-radicals[blank_end] that [blank_start]cleave[blank_end] DNA. Oxygen is required for this to occur.
Responda
-
chelating
-
metal
-
iron
-
free-radicals
-
cleave
Questão 32
Questão
Dactinomycin causes pulmonary fibrosis and dermatological toxicity.
Questão 33
Questão
Mitomycin C is a [blank_start]pro-drug[blank_end]. It is enzymatically activated to produce an [blank_start]alkylating[blank_end] metabolite.
Questão 34
Questão
Procarbazine is used mainly in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Questão 35
Questão
Procarbazine is a [blank_start]pro-drug[blank_end] which breaks down to [blank_start]azo-carbazine[blank_end] in the body. This reaction produces [blank_start]hydrogen peroxide[blank_end] which causes damage to [blank_start]DNA[blank_end]. It interferes with DNA and RNA [blank_start]synthesis[blank_end].
Responda
-
pro-drug
-
azo-carbazine
-
hydrogen peroxide
-
DNA
-
synthesis
Questão 36
Questão
Hydroxycarbamide interacts with many drugs because it inhibits monoamine oxidase.
Questão 37
Questão
[blank_start]Hydroxycarbamide[blank_end] is used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
Questão 38
Questão
Hydroxycarbamide works by inhibiting [blank_start]ribonucleotide reductase[blank_end]. This enzyme is responsible for catalysing DNA from RNA strands.
Questão 39
Questão
What is the main side effect of hydroxycarbamide?
[blank_start]Myelosuppression[blank_end]
Questão 40
Questão
ABVD is the name of one the chemotherapy treatments used to treat [blank_start]Hodgkin's lymphoma[blank_end]. It is made up of the drugs
A = [blank_start]Adriamycin[blank_end]
B = [blank_start]Bleomycin[blank_end]
C = [blank_start]Vinblastine[blank_end]
D = [blank_start]Dacarbazine[blank_end]
Responda
-
Hodgkin's lymphoma
-
testicular cancer
-
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
-
breast cancer
-
bladder cancer
-
brain tumours
-
Adriamycin
-
Amsacrine
-
Alemtuzumab
-
Aromasin
-
Aclarubicin
-
Bleomycin
-
Busulfan
-
Buserelin
-
Bevacizumab
-
Vinblastine
-
Vectibix
-
Viadur
-
Vincristine
-
Vindesine
-
Vinorelbine
-
Dacarbazine
-
Doxorubicin
-
Daunorubicin
-
Dactinomycin
Questão 41
Questão
Name four plant derived cancer therapy agents.
1. C[blank_start]amptothecins[blank_end]
2. E[blank_start]toposide[blank_end]
3. T[blank_start]axanes[blank_end]
4. V[blank_start]inca[blank_end] a[blank_start]lkaloids[blank_end]
Responda
-
amptothecins
-
toposide
-
axanes
-
inca
-
lkaloids
Questão 42
Questão
Vinca alkaloids are derived from Madagascar Periwinkle.
Questão 43
Questão
Vinca alkaloids work by binding to [blank_start]tubulin[blank_end]. This prevents [blank_start]spindle[blank_end] formation in mitosis. The disruption of [blank_start]microtubules[blank_end] stops mitosis in [blank_start]metaphase[blank_end]. Vinca alkaloids affect all [blank_start]rapidly[blank_end] dividing cell types.
Responda
-
tubulin
-
spindle
-
microtubules
-
metaphase
-
rapidly
Questão 44
Questão
Vincristine is used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Questão 45
Questão
The brand name for vincristine is [blank_start]Oncovin[blank_end]
Questão 46
Questão
Name two taxane drugs.
1. [blank_start]Paclitaxel[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Docetaxel[blank_end]
Questão 47
Questão
Taxanes work by stabilising [blank_start]microtubules[blank_end] preventing [blank_start]mitosis[blank_end].
Questão 48
Questão
Camptothecins inhibits topoisomerase I
Questão 49
Questão
Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase I
Questão 50
Questão
Name two camptothecins.
1. t[blank_start]opotecan[blank_end]
2. i[blank_start]rinotecan[blank_end]
Questão 51
Questão
Name six anthracyclines (other than doxorubicin)
1 - a[blank_start]driamycin[blank_end]
2 - a[blank_start]clarubicin[blank_end]
3 - d[blank_start]aunorubicin[blank_end]
4 - e[blank_start]pirubicin[blank_end]
5 - i[blank_start]darubicin[blank_end]
6 - m[blank_start]itozantrone[blank_end]
Responda
-
driamycin
-
clarubicin
-
aunorubicin
-
pirubicin
-
darubicin
-
itozantrone