Introduction to the Study of Language I - Phonology

Descrição

Steop-Lecture of University of Vienna, English and American Studies, Part I: Phonetics
Petra Gramer
Quiz por Petra Gramer, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Petra Gramer
Criado por Petra Gramer mais de 10 anos atrás
188
2

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What is the subject of Articulatory Phonetics?
Responda
  • sound waves
  • perceiving of sound
  • production of sound

Questão 2

Questão
What is the subject of Acoustic Phonetics?
Responda
  • sound waves
  • perception of sound
  • production of sound

Questão 3

Questão
What is the subject of Auditory Phonetics?
Responda
  • perception of sound
  • sound waves
  • production of sound

Questão 4

Questão
What are Articulators?
Responda
  • Way to pronounce vocals
  • People who check others pronunciation and correct them, if necessary
  • Parts of the vocal apparatus, which are involved in speech production.
  • A scientific method to analyze ones pronunciation.

Questão 5

Questão
What are active articulators?
Responda
  • tongue
  • upper teeth
  • lips
  • lower jaw
  • hard palate

Questão 6

Questão
Articulators can be split into two groups: active and passive articulators.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
When is a speech sound voiced?
Responda
  • When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibrating effect.
  • When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded.

Questão 8

Questão
What's a voiceless sound?
Responda
  • [s] in Sue
  • [z] in zoo

Questão 9

Questão
Place of articulation
Responda
  • used to describe sounds
  • denote the place of articulation of the sound
  • location inside the mouth at which the constriction of the passing air takes place

Questão 10

Questão
What means 'bilabial'?
Responda
  • Sound formed using both upper and lower lips
  • slightly further back than the alveolar sounds, between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge
  • sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum
  • sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip.

Questão 11

Questão
'labiodental'?
Responda
  • slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge
  • Sound formed using both upper and lower lips
  • sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip
  • sound produced with the tongue and the palate

Questão 12

Questão
'palato-alveolar'?
Responda
  • slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge
  • sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth and an open glottis
  • Sound formed using both upper and lower lips

Questão 13

Questão
'palatal'?
Responda
  • formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth
  • sound produced with the tongue and the palate
  • slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge

Questão 14

Questão
'velar'?
Responda
  • sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip
  • sound produced with the tongue and the palate
  • sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum

Questão 15

Questão
'velar'?
Responda
  • sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip
  • sound produced with the tongue and the palate
  • sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum

Questão 16

Questão
'glottal'?
Responda
  • sound formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
  • sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip
  • sound produced with the tongue and the palate
  • sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth and an open glottis

Questão 17

Questão
Manner of articulation includes:
Responda
  • Plosives
  • Nasals
  • Affricatives
  • Flaps
  • Approximant
  • Glottal stop
  • Fricative

Questão 18

Questão
"by the tongue tip tapping the alveolar ridge"?
Responda
  • Fricative
  • Flap
  • Nasal
  • Approximant

Questão 19

Questão
"almost stop of the air stream and air push through the very narrow opening"?
Responda
  • Affricative
  • Fricative
  • Plosive
  • Nasal

Questão 20

Questão
"sound produced by stopping the air stream then letting it go abruptly"?
Responda
  • Plosive
  • Flap
  • Affricative
  • Nasal

Questão 21

Questão
"a combined brief stopping of the air stream with an obstructed release which causes some friction"
Responda
  • Plosive
  • Glottal stop
  • Nasal
  • Affricative

Questão 22

Questão
"orally produced sound; when the velum is lowered and the air stream flows out through the nose"?
Responda
  • Nasal
  • Fricative
  • Glottal stop
  • Flap

Questão 23

Questão
Criteria to describe Monophthong - vowels?
Responda
  • Vowel length (short, long)
  • Height (low, mid, high)
  • Voicing (voiceless, voiced)
  • Tongue position (front, central, back)
  • Position of lips (rounded vs. unrounded/apart)

Questão 24

Questão
Are Monophthonges simple vowels with no change in quality?
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
Which answers are correct regarding Diphthonges?
Responda
  • vowel sound where there is a change in auditory quality within a single syllable
  • vowels with no change in quality
  • They have a starting point and an end point.
  • You can differ between Closing and Opening Diphthonges
  • You can differ between Closing and Centering Diphtonges

Questão 26

Questão
Which Diphthonges end in the high vowel? What are examples for them?
Responda
  • Closing Diphthonges
  • Centering Diphtonges
  • ei, ai
  • au, ou

Questão 27

Questão
Centering vowels?
Responda
  • end in the high vowel
  • end with a central vowel
  • only in RP (=Received Pronunciation, only in BE)

Questão 28

Questão
What does Received Pronunciation mean?
Responda
  • RG describes the standard accent of BE
  • RG describes the standard accent of North American English (NAE)

Questão 29

Questão
What is the study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language?
Responda
  • Phonetics
  • Phonology

Questão 30

Questão
What are the segmental aspects of Phonology?
Responda
  • Features of pronunciation in a syllable
  • Function of individual sounds in a language

Questão 31

Questão
What are the suprasegmental aspects of Phonology?
Responda
  • Features of pronunciation in a syllable
  • Function of individual sounds in a language

Questão 32

Questão
Which sentences are correct?
Responda
  • Phoneme is a physical realization of a sound (f.i. the difference voiced or voiceless of the phoneme)
  • Phoneme is the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit in a language, by adding + or - it can be further described
  • Phone is a physical realization of a sound (f.i. the difference voiced or voiceless of the phoneme)
  • Phone is the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit in a language, by adding + or - it can be further described

Questão 33

Questão
Which statements are correct?
Responda
  • Allophones are phonetically similar phones of a phoneme that do not distinguish meaning and are “regarded” as the same sound.
  • Allophones are constraints on the sequence or position of English phonemes. There are definite patterns in the types of sound combinations permitted in a language. The constraints operate on the syllable level.
  • Phonotactics are constraints on the sequence or position of English phonemes. There are definite patterns in the types of sound combinations permitted in a language. The constraints operate on the syllable level.
  • Phonotactics are phonetically similar phones of a phoneme that do not distinguish meaning and are “regarded” as the same sound.

Questão 34

Questão
pat - bat- pet --> What is this?
Responda
  • A minimal pair
  • A minimal set
  • Neither

Questão 35

Questão
Which statements are correct?
Responda
  • Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised a
  • Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised *
  • Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised h
  • Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised '

Questão 36

Questão
The effect of the nasal consonant on a vowel is called...
Responda
  • Nazalisation
  • Nasalization
  • Nasalisation
  • Naselization
  • Nasallization
  • Nasalizetion

Questão 37

Questão
What is a Minimal pair?
Responda
  • feed read
  • bat pat
  • two words with identical form except for a contrast in one phoneme occurring in the same position that changes the meaning
  • two words with identical form except for a contrast in two phonemes that changes the meaning

Questão 38

Questão
A minimal set is a group of words that can be differentiated by changing two phonemes in the same position
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
A minimal set is a group of words that can be differentiated by changing one phoneme in the same position
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
What does [p'] mean?
Responda
  • It is a released consonant, the release of the air being built up
  • It is a unreleased consonant, there is no release of the air pressure

Questão 41

Questão
Which one is right?
Responda
  • Complementary distribution= two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur
  • Complementary distribution= two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other occurs

Questão 42

Questão
Free variation means...
Responda
  • The user/speaker consciously chooses between two allophones
  • The user/speak unconsciously chooses between two allophones

Questão 43

Questão
Which is right?
Responda
  • Neutralization means, a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible
  • Final devoicing means, a voiced phoneme having a unvoiced allophone in word-final position
  • Neutralization means, a voiced phoneme having an unvoiced allophone in word-final-position
  • Final devoicing means, a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible

Questão 44

Questão
A syllable contains...
Responda
  • onset
  • nucleus
  • coda
  • rhyme

Questão 45

Questão
A rhyme contains...
Responda
  • onset
  • nucleus
  • coda
  • rhyme

Questão 46

Questão
What is a syllabic consonant?
Responda
  • A consonant that occupies the central part of the syllable. In phonetic transcription you mark them with a . under them.
  • A consonant that occupies the first part of the syllable. In phonetic transcription you mark them with a . under them.
  • A consonant that occupies the last part of the syllable. In phonetic transcription you mark them with a . under them.

Questão 47

Questão
What is a open syllable?
Responda
  • The syllable misses the coda
  • The syllable misses the onset
  • The syllable misses the nucleus
  • The syllable has the onset and nucleus
  • The syllable has the nucleus and coda
  • The syllable has the onset and coda

Questão 48

Questão
A closed syllable...
Responda
  • has got a coda and onset
  • has got a coda, onset and nucleus
  • has got neither of the three
  • has got only the coda

Questão 49

Questão
Vowel epenthesis means the insertion of a vowel into syllables
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Consonant cluster: the onset or the coda consists of more than one consonant.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 51

Questão
CC means...
Responda
  • the 2nd position must be a liquid or a glide
  • the 1st consonant is a /s/, followed by a voiceless stop and a liquid or glide

Questão 52

Questão
CCC is...
Responda
  • the 2nd position must be a liquid or a glide
  • the 1st consonant is a /s/, followed by a voiceless stop and a liquid or glide

Questão 53

Questão
process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the deliberately careful pronunciation of a word in isolation?
Responda
  • Coarticulation
  • Elision
  • Assimilation

Questão 54

Questão
process making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound?
Responda
  • Coarticulation
  • Elision
  • Assimilation

Questão 55

Questão
two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken by the other?
Responda
  • Coarticulation
  • Elision
  • Assimilation

Questão 56

Questão
What is right?
Responda
  • Syllabification = assigning syllable structure to words
  • Syllabification = assigning syllable structure to sentences
  • There is the maximal onset principle
  • There is the minimal onset principle
  • There is the phonology sequencing principle
  • There is the sonority sequencing principle

Questão 57

Questão
Which principle is described: we prefer to syllabify consonants in an onset rather than in a coda -> as many consonants as possible end up in an onset
Responda
  • The maximal onset principle
  • The sonority sequencing principle

Questão 58

Questão
Which principle is described: it claims that sounds preceding the nucleus must rise in sonority and sounds following the nucleus must fall in sonority
Responda
  • the maximal onset principle
  • the sonority sequencing principle

Questão 59

Questão
Weak syllables...
Responda
  • contain full vowels and are unstressed
  • contain weak vowels and are unstressed
  • contain full vowels and are stressed
  • contain weak vowels and are stressed

Questão 60

Questão
Strong syllables...
Responda
  • contain strong vowels and are unstressed
  • contain weak vowels and are unstressed
  • contain full vowels and are stressed
  • contain weak vowels and are stressed

Questão 61

Questão
What describes: stressed syllables occur at regular intervals?
Responda
  • Rhythm
  • Stress-timed
  • Syllable-timed

Questão 62

Questão
What describes: distribution of primary stresses in a longer stretch of speech?
Responda
  • Rhythm
  • Stress-timed
  • Syllable-timed

Questão 63

Questão
What describes: syllables occur at regular intervals, stressed or unstressed?
Responda
  • Rhythm
  • Stress-timed
  • Syllable-timed

Questão 64

Questão
What is right?
Responda
  • Pitch= auditory perception of frequency (high or low)
  • Intonation= rises and falls in pitch
  • Pitch = rises and falls in pitch
  • Intonation= auditory perception of frequency (high or low)

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