Questão 1
Questão
Acronym for early stroke awareness
Questão 2
Questão
What does the 'F' in FAST stand for?
Responda
-
Face
-
Fast Response
-
False
-
Finish a sentence
Questão 3
Questão
Movement of arms like a 'C' inward toward spinal cord is called:
Responda
-
decerebrate
-
'C'eizure
-
decorticate
-
muscle spasms
Questão 4
Questão
A transient ischemic attack or 'TIA' usually
Responda
-
lasts 2-3 hours
-
has permanent effects
-
lasts less than 1 hour
-
due to hemorrhage
Questão 5
Questão
Hemiplegia describes paralysis involving
Responda
-
unilateral side of body
-
lower extremeties
-
all four extremeties
-
muscles of the mouth
Questão 6
Questão
Clinical manifestations of CVA include:
Responda
-
HTN, dysphagia, arm drift, facial droop
-
burning in throat, epigastric pain
-
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
-
chest pain and SOB
Questão 7
Questão
Types of ischemic stroke are:
Responda
-
thrombotic
-
hemorrhagic
-
transient
-
embolic
Questão 8
Questão
Cells involved in clearing blood debris of a hemorrhagic stroke include:
Responda
-
RBCs
-
lymphokines
-
astrocytes
-
macrophages
Questão 9
Questão
What are clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke?
Questão 10
Questão
Decerebrate posturing is described as:
Responda
-
extensor posturing
-
arms like an 'X'
-
arms like a 'C'
-
stiff neck
Questão 11
Questão
Neurological symptoms of a stroke appear as:
Responda
-
symmetrical
-
opposite side of injury
-
gradual onset
-
hypotension
Questão 12
Questão
Pt is exhibiting signs of right brain stroke, which side of the body will you see s/s?
Responda
-
left side
-
right side
-
both sides
-
neither side
Questão 13
Questão
Documenting a pt as lethargic means
Responda
-
easy arousal
-
no verbal response
-
minimal verbal response
-
disorientation to time
Questão 14
Questão
Pt only opens eyes w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Responda
-
coma
-
obtundation
-
lethargy
-
stupor
Questão 15
Questão
Increased intracranial pressure causes decrease in cerebral perfusion
Questão 16
Questão
The most common cause of osteomyelitis is:
Questão 17
Questão
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves:
Responda
-
inadequate mineralization
-
impaired synthesis of bone organic matrix
-
alteration in the OPG/RANKL/RANK system
-
formation of sclerotic bone
-
none of these
Questão 18
Responda
-
destruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue
-
inflammation of ligaments
-
destruction of the articular cartilage
-
softening of the articular cartilage
-
destruction of the joint capsule
Questão 19
Questão
The causes of OA include which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
Questão 20
Questão
Ankylosing spondylitis: (More than one answer may be correct.)
Responda
-
is a systemic immune inflammatory disease
-
is characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine.
-
causes instability of synovial joints
-
begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage
-
is manifested early by low back pain and stiffness
Questão 21
Responda
-
the pathogenesis is formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues.
-
purine metabolism is altered.
-
affected individuals likely have an inherited enzyme defect.
-
the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
-
all of these
Questão 22
Questão
A muscle contracture is:
Responda
-
the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
-
muscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury
-
often helped by relaxation training and biofeedback
-
a consequence of reduced muscle protein synthesis
-
all of these
Questão 23
Responda
-
articular cartilages lose contact entirely
-
articular cartilages are partially separated
-
complete separation of a tendon or a ligament
-
a ligament tear
Questão 24
Questão 25
Questão 26
Questão 27
Questão 28
Questão 29
Questão
muscle diagnosis in which there is muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber
Responda
-
fibromyalgia
-
myopathy
-
neuropathy
-
sprain
Questão 30
Questão
A sarcoma is a group of tumors arising from connective tissue
Questão 31
Questão
Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by damage or destruction in the _____ or _____ and by systematic signs of inflammation (select all that apply)
Responda
-
connective tissue
-
synovial membrane
-
articular cartilage
-
nerve fibers
Questão 32
Questão
Non-inflammatory disease caused by a progression of loss in cartilage
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 33
Questão
Non-infectious disease caused by an autoimmune reaction
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 34
Questão
Sclerosis of bone underneath the cartilage and formation of bone spurs is possible with _____
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 35
Questão
_____ has a higher incidence in the elderly and is primarily idiopathic
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 36
Questão
Chronic condition caused by deterioration of cartilage (damaging chondrocytes). Cartilage becomes thin, flaky, then absent. Bone surfaces become less protected and therefore pt experiences pain upon weight bearing and mobilization
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 37
Questão
Risk factors for _____ include: advancing age, joint trauma, long-term mechanical stress, drugs, obesity, and endocrine DOs
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 38
Questão
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: deformity/nodules at ends of digits, worsening pain with activity, and asymmetrical symptoms
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 39
Questão
Pain worsens with activity
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 40
Questão
AM pain/stiffness diminishes in about 30 minutes after getting out of bed
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 41
Questão
Diagnosis of _____ can be done with an x-ray
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 42
Questão
An inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, primarily involving damage to the connective tissue in the synovial membrane. Cause is unknown, but multifactorial contributors and genetic predisposition have been noted
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 43
Questão
Neutrophils and other cells in synovial fluid become activated and thicken becoming inflammatory exudate. Joint become swollen and inflamed. Inflammation causes small venules to become occluded w/ cells --> decrease in vascular flow to the joint. Inflammatory cytokines induce enzymatic breakdown of cartilage and bone.
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 44
Questão
Pannus, which is associated with _____, grows over the articular surface and causes destruction
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 45
Questão
Pain worsens w/ rest
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 46
Questão
Morning pain/stiffness lasts 1+ hours after getting out of bed
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 47
Questão
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: fever, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, joint pain/stiffness/tenderness, joints warm to touch, deformity (swan hands). and decreased ROM. Symptoms occur symmetrically
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 48
Questão
Starts in fingers and wrists w/ later involvement in weight bearing joints (ankles & feet).
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 49
Questão
Complications of _____ include: systemic effects including skin, cardiac valves, pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, and spleen; formation of nodules w/ central tissue necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 50
Questão
Blood tests are used to diagnose _____
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 51
Questão
Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by a _____ infection.
Questão 52
Questão
_____ osteomyelitis may originate from an open wound, open fracture, penetrating wound, or surgical procedure
Questão 53
Questão
_____ osteomyelitis may originate from pathogens carried in the blood from sites of infection elsewhere in the body
Questão 54
Questão
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: acute or chronic inflammation, fever, pain, and necrotic bone.
Responda
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Questão 55
Questão
As you age, the amount of cartilage in your body starts to build up
Questão 56
Questão
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
Questão 57
Questão
band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones where they meet in a joint
Questão 58
Questão
tearing or stretching of a muscle or tendon is commonly known as a:
Questão 59
Questão
Ligament tears are commonly known as:
Questão 60
Questão
What makes up the CNS
Responda
-
brain
-
spinal cord
-
cranial nerves
-
spinal nerves
Questão 61
Questão
What makes up the PNS
Responda
-
brain
-
spinal cord
-
cranial nerves
-
spinal nerves
Questão 62
Questão
The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are components of the _____ nervous system
Questão 63
Questão
What are the types of pain?
Responda
-
visceral
-
somatic
-
referred
Questão 64
Questão
In promoting health maintenance for prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the highest risk for the most common type of CVA is seen in
Questão 65
Questão
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage
Questão 66
Questão
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. With speech, the messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue
Questão 67
Questão
is the inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific
Questão 68
Questão 69
Questão
means paralysis or no movement at all
Questão 70
Questão
Which is not a neuromodulator of pain?
Responda
-
prostaglandins
-
5-hydroxytryptamine
-
norepinephrine
-
lymphokines
-
heparin
Questão 71
Questão
An individual shows flexion in upper extremities and extension in lower extremities. This is:
Responda
-
decorticate posturing
-
decerebrate posturing.
-
excitation posturing
-
caloric posturing
Questão 72
Questão
Alzheimer disease:
Responda
-
can be caused by increased cerebral levels of acetylcholine
-
is most prevalent as a late-onset dementia
-
manifests as nerve cell tangles
-
manifests as neuron senile plaques.
-
all of these
Questão 73
Questão 74
Responda
-
orientation to person, time, and place
-
slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
-
inability to think clearly
-
vocalization in response to pain stimuli
-
no arousal
Questão 75
Responda
-
orientation to person, time, and place
-
slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
-
inability to think clearly
-
vocalization in response to pain stimuli
-
no arousal
Questão 76
Responda
-
unilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
-
generalized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every hour
-
focal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last more than an hour, and clear without evidence of infarction
-
neurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.
Questão 77
Questão
Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
Responda
-
polycythemia vera
-
HTN
-
DM
-
hyperhomocysteinemi
-
all of these
Questão 78
Questão
Which most typically characterizes the victims of a cerebral embolic stroke
Responda
-
individuals older than 65 years with a history of hypertension
-
individuals with a long history of TIA
-
middle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
-
individuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear
Questão 79
Questão
Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in which of the following cerebrovascular accidents.
Responda
-
TIA
-
thrombotic
-
embolic
-
hemorrhagic
Questão 80
Questão
Pain is a compensatory mechanism to stabalize the environment and maintain homeostasis
Questão 81
Questão
Not all pain involves tissue injury, release of chemical (inflammatory), mediators, and sensitization of spinal cord neurons
Questão 82
Questão
The _____ Theory asserts that non-painful input 'closes' the gates to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the CNS.
Responda
-
Gate Control
-
Specificity of Pain
-
Intensity of Pain
-
Pattern of Pain
Questão 83
Questão
These fibers are associated w/ 'fast' pain
Questão 84
Questão
These fibers are associated w/ 'slow' pain
Questão 85
Questão
Nociceptors are free nerve ending in the _____ PNS
Questão 86
Questão
_____ are widespread in the superficial layers of the skin, periosteum, arterial walls, and joint surfaces
Responda
-
nociceptors
-
neurons
-
neuromodulators
-
axons
Questão 87
Questão
_____ are myelinated
Questão 88
Questão
_____ fibers are associated with mechanical or thermal stimulation (needle stick, knife cut, acute burn) and are transmitted in less than 0.1 seconds
Questão 89
Questão
associated with acute pain
Questão 90
Questão
_____ fibers are stimulated by chemicals, mechanically, or thermally. Some examples include aches, throbbing, and nauseous pain
Questão 91
Questão
_____ fibers transmit signals at a rate of over 1 second
Questão 92
Questão
Associated w/ chronic pain
Questão 93
Questão
Neuromodulators are messengers released from a neuron in the _____, or in the periphery that affects groups of neurons or effector cells that have the appropriate receptors.
Questão 94
Questão
_____ trigger responsiveness
Responda
-
nociceptors
-
neurons
-
neuromodulators
-
axons
Questão 95
Questão
Choose the following tissue injury neuromodulators
Responda
-
prostaglandins
-
bradykinin
-
lymphokines
-
substance P
-
histamine
-
glutamate
-
somatostatin
Questão 96
Questão
Choose the following excitatory neuromodulators
Responda
-
prostaglandins
-
bradykinin
-
lymphokines
-
substance P
-
histamine
-
glutamate
-
somatostatin
Questão 97
Questão
_____ pain is a protective mechanism against immediate harm. It is the response of excessive adrenergic (sympathetic) activity
Questão 98
Questão
Somatic, visceral, referred, and neuropathic pain are types of _____ pain
Questão 99
Questão
pain in the body framework (skin, bones, muscle)
Responda
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Questão 100
Questão
pain in the organs of the body (chest pain, abdominal pain)
Responda
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Questão 101
Questão
pain felt in remote areas away from the original point of pain generation
Responda
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Questão 102
Questão
The disruption of nerves or hypersensitization of nerves.
Responda
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Questão 103
Questão
_____ pain occurs in ppl w/ DM
Responda
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Questão 104
Questão
_____ pain may be treated (off-label) w/ tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or antiarrhythmics
Responda
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Questão 105
Questão
_____ pain lasts as little as a few seconds to as much as 3 months. There is a temporary or minor disruption in normal ADL's and lifestyle
Questão 106
Questão
_____ pain persists more than 3 months. It imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on pts and their family
Questão 107
Questão
Acute pain is a very costly health care problem. Is is usually caused from a complex underlying DO
Questão 108
Questão
_____ pain affect employment, finances, family structure, social relationships
Questão 109
Questão
Personality changes are apparent with chronic pain
Questão 110
Questão
Negative health consequences of _____ pain include increased stress, decreased GI motility and appetite, increased blood clotting, delayed healing, decreased immune system, interference with sleep, and hormonal imbalances
Questão 111
Questão
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves what increases or decreases the pain level
Questão 112
Questão
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves a description of what the pain feels like (sharp, dull, hot, stinging, ect)
Questão 113
Questão
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves where the pain is (localized, referred)
Questão 114
Questão
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves rating the pain on a scale of 1-10
Questão 115
Questão
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves how long the pain has been present (acute, chronic)
Questão 116
Questão
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
Questão 117
Questão
The somatic nervous system regulates _____ motor control
Questão 118
Questão
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating the body's internal environment thru involuntary control of organ systems
Questão 119
Questão
The _____ nervous system controls the body's fight or flight response
Responda
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Questão 120
Questão
The _____ nervous system conserves the body's energy
Responda
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Questão 121
Questão
The _____ pathway is ascending and messages go from the body to the brain
Questão 122
Questão
The _____ pathway is descending and messages travel from the brain to the body
Questão 123
Questão
_____ neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
Responda
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Questão 124
Questão
_____ neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
Responda
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Questão 125
Questão
_____ neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Responda
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Questão 126
Questão
A pts pain _____ is the lowest intensity of pain that a person can recognize
Questão 127
Questão
A pt's pain _____ is the greatest intensity of pain that a person can endure
Questão 128
Questão
_____ is a respiratory rate of less than 12 breathes a minute and is associated w/ neurological conditions, electrolyte disturbances, narcotic or barbituate OD, or is seen postanesthesia
Questão 129
Questão
_____ results in a persistent respiratory rate of more than 20 breathes per minute and is associated with trauma, injury, stress, pain; respiratory, cardiac, or liver disease
Questão 130
Questão
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by shallow breathing alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated with neurologic problems, head trauma, brain abscess, and heatstroke
Questão 131
Questão
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated w/ CHF, drug OD, increased intracranial pressure, and impending death
Questão 132
Questão
_____ are respirations of increased rate and depth and are associated w/ metabolic acidosis, DKA, and renal failure
Questão 133
Questão
Which of the following shows the stages of altered consciousness
Responda
-
confusion, disorientation, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma
-
disorientation, confusion, obtundation, lethargy, coma, stupor
-
confusion, disorientation, stupor, lethargy, obtundation, coma
-
obtundation, disorientation, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma
Questão 134
Questão
loss of ability to think, impaired judgement and decision making
Responda
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Questão 135
Questão
beginning loss of consciousness, unable to tell name, place, or time
Responda
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Questão 136
Questão
limited spontaneous movement or speech; easy arousal w/ normal speech or touch; may or may not be oriented to time, place, and person
Responda
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargic
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Questão 137
Questão
mild to moderate reduction in arousal w/ limited response to environment; fall asleep unless stimulated verbally or tactilely; answer questions w/ minimal responses
Responda
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Questão 138
Questão
condition of deep sleep or unresponsiveness; opens eyes only w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Responda
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Questão 139
Questão
no verbal response to external environment or to any stimuli
Responda
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Questão 140
Questão
_____ posturing include flexing and the arms are like 'C's' and move in toward the spinal cord
Questão 141
Questão
_____ posturing involves extension and the arms are like 'e's'