Chemistry Review

Please open this link in another tab fro quick reference. http://sciencenotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/PeriodicTableMuted.png What are valence electrons?

What does the number 18.998 represent?

An [blank_start]ion[blank_end] is when there is an atom with more or less electrons that the usual. Usually, in a stable atom, there are the same number of protons as electrons. [blank_start]Cation[blank_end] - more protons, less electrons >> [blank_start]positive[blank_end] [blank_start]Anion[blank_end] - less protons, more electrons >> [blank_start]negative[blank_end]

Ionic Bonds - [blank_start]Metal[blank_end] (loses electrons) and [blank_start]Nonmetal[blank_end] (gains electrons) Covalent Bonds - 2 [blank_start]nonmetal[blank_end] atoms Polar Covalent Bond - 2 [blank_start]different[blank_end] atoms, [blank_start]Unequal[blank_end] Sharing Non Polar Covalent Bond - 2 [blank_start]same[blank_end] atoms, [blank_start]Equal[blank_end] Sharing

It might be helpful to copy this table on to a piece of paper and fill it out. All isotopes will be written in this format >> (Element)-(Number) A - [blank_start]Pb[blank_end] B - [blank_start]207[blank_end] C - [blank_start]82[blank_end] D - [blank_start]125[blank_end] E - [blank_start]82[blank_end]

F - [blank_start]Copper-35[blank_end] G - [blank_start]84[blank_end] H - [blank_start]29[blank_end] I - [blank_start]29[blank_end] J - [blank_start]35[blank_end]

K - [blank_start]Sodium-11[blank_end] L - [blank_start]Na[blank_end] M - [blank_start]23[blank_end] N - [blank_start]11[blank_end] O - [blank_start]11[blank_end]

P - [blank_start]Fe[blank_end] Q - [blank_start]26[blank_end] R - [blank_start]26[blank_end] S - [blank_start]30[blank_end] T - [blank_start]26[blank_end]

U - [blank_start]Uranium-146[blank_end] V - [blank_start]U[blank_end] W - [blank_start]238[blank_end] X - [blank_start]92[blank_end] Y - [blank_start]146[blank_end] Z - [blank_start]92[blank_end]

It might be helpful to copy this table on to a piece of paper and fill it out. Please make sure to put the charge (+/-) before the amount (1,2,3,4...). A - [blank_start]Co[blank_end] B - [blank_start]+2[blank_end] C - [blank_start]27[blank_end]

D - [blank_start]Tungsten[blank_end] E - [blank_start]184[blank_end] F - [blank_start]74[blank_end] G - [blank_start]110[blank_end] H - [blank_start]77[blank_end]

I - [blank_start]Xenon[blank_end] J - [blank_start]Xe[blank_end] K - [blank_start]+4[blank_end] L - [blank_start]77[blank_end]

M - [blank_start]15[blank_end] N - [blank_start]31[blank_end] O - [blank_start]15[blank_end] P - [blank_start]16[blank_end] Q - [blank_start]13[blank_end]

R - [blank_start]Arsenic[blank_end] S - [blank_start]As[blank_end] T - [blank_start]-2[blank_end] U -[blank_start]33[blank_end]

Describe each bond as ionic, polar covalent, or non polar covalent. H2O - [blank_start]Polar Covalent[blank_end] HF - [blank_start]Polar Covalent[blank_end] NaCl - [blank_start]Ionic[blank_end] O2 - [blank_start]Non Polar Covalent[blank_end] LiBr - [blank_start]Ionic[blank_end] CuO - [blank_start]Ionic[blank_end]

The goal of atoms (with a few exceptions is to have 8 electrons in their outermost energy shell. This is called the [blank_start]Octet[blank_end] [blank_start]Rule[blank_end].

Polar Covalent substances interact with [blank_start]Polar[blank_end] Covalent substances. Non Polar Covalent substances interact with [blank_start]Non Polar[blank_end] Covalent.

Which of these is true?