Questão 1
Questão
Four results of genetic drift in a small poopulation:
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fixation
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loss of genetic variation
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increase in mildly harmful alleles
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increased differences between populations
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increased genetic variation
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stabilizing selection
Questão 2
Questão
Prairie chickens showed what results of genetic drift:
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decrease in genetic variation
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increase in mildly harmful alleles
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fixation
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increased differences from other populations
Questão 3
Questão
Gene flow can result in:
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increased similarities between populations
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introduction of new alleles
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decrease in genetic variation
Questão 4
Questão
Mosquitoes in africa were an example of gene flow
Questão 5
Questão
[blank_start]Adaptations[blank_end] are features of organisms that improve their ability to survive and reproduce.
Questão 6
Questão
Soapberry bugs and the goldenrain vine were an example of [blank_start]adaptive evolution[blank_end].
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adaptive evolution
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natural selection
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disruptive selection
Questão 7
Questão
[blank_start]Clines[blank_end] are patterns of change in a characteristic pattern over a geographic region.
Questão 8
Questão
In drosophila, the AdHs gene is less functional in cold, so the frequency increases with latitude
Questão 9
Questão
Bentgrass at mine sites was an example of [blank_start]natural selection[blank_end] overcoming gene flow
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natural selection
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genetic drift
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sexual selection
Questão 10
Questão
Constraints on natural selection:
Questão 11
Questão
[blank_start]Genetic drift[blank_end] can result in reproductive barriers, but [blank_start]gene flow[blank_end] can prevent this from happening.
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Genetic drift
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Gene flow
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gene flow
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genetic drift
Questão 12
Questão
One introduced species started a cascade of speciation in which example:
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Maggot flies, wasps and apples
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Planorbella and Ribeiroia
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White-tailed deer and ticks
Questão 13
Questão
Examples of life history characteristics are
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Amount and timing of reproduction
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Age and size at sexual maturity
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Survival and mortality rates
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Diet
Questão 14
Questão
Clown fish have a size hierarchy to reduce conflict
Questão 15
Questão
Phenotypic plasticity was occurring in these species:
Questão 16
Questão
Phenotypic plasticity may be a [blank_start]continuous[blank_end] range of sizes, or may have discrete intervals, called [blank_start]morphs[blank_end].
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continuous
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limited
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random
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discrete
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morphs
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life history stages
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discrete intervals
Questão 17
Questão
C. elegans was used as an example of:
Questão 18
Questão
[blank_start]Semelparous[blank_end] species reproduce once in a lifetime, [blank_start]iteroparous[blank_end] species reproduce many times in a lifetime.
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Semelparous
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Iteroparous
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Metamorphic
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iteroparous
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semelparous
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polyphenic
Questão 19
Questão
[blank_start]r- slection[blank_end] is the growth strategy that is rapid and advantageous in new environments. [blank_start]K-selection[blank_end] is the growth strategy that is slower and is valuable in high-density environments.
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r- slection
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K-selection
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intrinsic selection
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K-selection
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r-selection
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intrinsic selection
Questão 20
Questão
Low stress, low disturbance is best for [blank_start]competitive plants[blank_end]. High stress, low-disturbance is best for [blank_start]stress-tolerant plants[blank_end] with [blank_start]slow rates of water and nutrient use[blank_end]. Low stress, high disturbance is best for [blank_start]ruderal plants[blank_end], with [blank_start]heavy investment in seed production[blank_end].
Questão 21
Questão
Lesser black-beaked gulls were an example of a tradeoff between clutch size and survival rate of offspring.
Questão 22
Questão
High adult survival rates would favour allocating energy to [blank_start]growth[blank_end].
Questão 23
Questão
The Nassau grouper's change from being small and living in algae clumps to being larger and living in rocky areas is an example of a morph.
Questão 24
Questão
An adult mole salamander living in aquatic environments is an example of [blank_start]paedomorphism[blank_end].
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paedomorphism
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niche shift
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a morph
Questão 25
Questão
A [blank_start]proximate[blank_end] cause is how the behaviour occurs, an [blank_start]ultimate[blank_end] cause is the evolutionary reason behind the behaviour. The [blank_start]latter[blank_end] is more interesting to biologists.
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proximate
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ultimate
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latter
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former
Questão 26
Questão
Cockroaches gaining an aversion to glucose after generations of exposure to an insecticide trap containing glucose is an example of:
Questão 27
Questão
Old field mouse and deer mouse case study found that tunnel length is controlled by [blank_start]one loci[blank_end].
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one loci
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two loci
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behaviour
Questão 28
Questão
P= E/t is an equation relevant to:
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foraging theory
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herbivory
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competition
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carrying capacity
Questão 29
Questão
Handling time refers to how long it takes a parent to bring offspring to maturity.
Questão 30
Questão
Marginal value theorem states that an animal should stay in a patch until energy gain [blank_start]declines[blank_end] to average energy gain for the habitat.
Questão 31
Questão
Individuals from a single fertilization are a
Questão 32
Questão
[blank_start]Regular[blank_end] dispersion can be the result of competition. Co-operative breeding can occur in [blank_start]high value[blank_end] habitats, when [blank_start]high quality[blank_end] habitat is rare.
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Regular
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Clumped
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Random
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high value
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low value
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high quality
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low quality
Questão 33
Questão
N= (M*C)/R is the equation for line transect abundance
Questão 34
Questão
Relative population size compares number of sightings in an area to effort or another area. Considered to model actual population
Questão 35
Questão
lambda= Nt+1/Nt is the equation for growth rate
Questão 36
Questão
[blank_start]Geometric[blank_end] growth has a constant growth rate at [blank_start]discrete[blank_end] periods, Nt+1= lambda(Nt). [blank_start]Exponential[blank_end] growth has [blank_start]constant[blank_end] reproduction dN/dt= rN.
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Geometric
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Exponential
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constant
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finite
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discrete
Questão 37
Questão
Density independent factors regulate population size.
Questão 38
Questão
The logistic equation is
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Nt+1=lambda(N)
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dN/dt= rN
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dN/dt= rN(1-(N/K)
Questão 39
Questão
Demographic stochasticity
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chance events affect reproduction and survival
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finite increase decreases as the carrying capacity is approached
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cyclic events affect an individuals survival rate
Questão 40
Questão
[blank_start]Demographic stochasticity[blank_end]- when chance event move the individual away from the norm while birth and death rates remain constant. [blank_start]Environmental stochasticity[blank_end]-changes in environment cause change in birth and death rates. [blank_start]Allee effect[blank_end]- small populations have decreased growth as it becomes harder to find a mate.
Questão 41
Questão
Metapopulation is an analysis of all populations in an environment
Questão 42
Questão
Amensalism is where one species is harmed and the other is [blank_start]unaffected[blank_end].
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unaffected
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decreased
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increased
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driven to extinction
Questão 43
Questão
This is the equation for the
Questão 44
Questão
This is the range where species can co-exist
Questão 45
Questão
Character displacement is where
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through competition like species diverge
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natural selection causes directional selection
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competition drives one species to extinction