6761425
Questão 1
Questão
What is the best description of an infectious agent?
Responda
-
An organism that can replicate inside the host and cause a host reaction to its products
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An organism which lives in co-existence with the host
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An organism which is immunogenic
Questão 2
Questão
Advantages of infecting a host to a pathogen are:
P[blank_start]rotection[blank_end]
[blank_start]Nutrient[blank_end] provision
Travel
Disadvantages are:
Host driven [blank_start]choices[blank_end]
[blank_start]Defence[blank_end] mechanisms encountered
Responda
-
Nutrient
-
rotection
-
choices
-
Defence
Questão 3
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 4
Questão
The response of the innate immune system is the same every time
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
The first encounter of the adaptive immune system is very rapid.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 6
Questão
The innate immune system has a memory property.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 7
Questão
What are some physical barriers of the innate immune system?
Responda
-
Lysozyme
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Hydrochloric acid
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Ciliated epithelia
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Epidermis
Questão 8
Questão
Which of these options summarises lysozymes action?
Responda
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
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Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Questão 9
Questão
Which of these options summarises lactoperoxidase's action?
Responda
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Questão 10
Questão
Which of these options summarises lactoferrin's action?
Responda
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Questão 11
Questão
Which of these options summarises calprotectin's action?
Responda
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Questão 12
Questão
Which of these options summarises defensin action?
Responda
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Questão 13
Questão
Which of these options summarises histatin action?
Responda
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Questão 14
Questão
Which is a function of mucins?
Responda
-
Glycoproteins which lubricate and hydrate the mucosal surfaces. This traps and prevents admission of bacteria to the mucosa.
-
Bind to bacterial adhesins causing bacterial clumping for removal
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
Questão 15
Questão
Which is a function of salivary agglutinin?
Responda
-
Glycoproteins which lubricate and hydrate the mucosal surfaces. This traps and prevents admission of bacteria to the mucosa.
-
Bind to bacterial adhesins causing bacterial clumping for removal
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
Questão 16
Questão
Defensins are...
Responda
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Serine proteases
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Cationic peptides
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Cysteine deaminases
Questão 17
Questão
What feature of defensins allows them to become inserted in the lipid bilayer?
Responda
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They are amphipathic
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They are cationic peptides
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They have cysteine rich regions in their amino acid sequence
Questão 18
Questão
Defensins, cathelicidins and histatins are antimicrobial peptides all secreted by...
Responda
-
Epithelial cells
-
Phagocytes
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Epithelial cells and Phagocytes
Questão 19
Questão
What does NAG mean in the context of lysozyme?
Responda
-
N-acetylglucosamine
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N-acetylmuramic acid
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Non agglutinating glycoprotein
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N-acetylcysteine
Questão 20
Questão
What does NAM mean in the context of lysozyme?
Responda
-
N-acetylglucosamine
-
N-acetylmuramic acid
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Non agglutinating glycoprotein
-
N-acetylcysteine
Questão 21
Questão
What linkage is cleaved between NAG-NAM carbohydrates by Lysozyme?
Responda
-
B-1,4
-
A-1,6
-
B-1,2
Questão 22
Questão
Lysozyme is more effective against gram negative bacteria since they do not have a layer of LPS covering the peptidoglycan NAG-NAM carbohydrates in their cell wall structure
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 23
Questão
Histatins are produced by
Responda
-
Epithelial cells and Phagocytes
-
The major salivary glands
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Dendritic and Natural killer cells
Questão 24
Questão
Histatins are predominantly active against
Responda
-
Fungi
-
Viruses
-
Bacteria
Questão 25
Questão
Histatins are particularly rich in...
Responda
-
Histadine
-
Cysteine
-
Serine
-
Defensins
Questão 26
Questão
Calprotectin depletes iron availability.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 27
Questão
Lactoferrin produces hypothiocyanite which oxidises glucose transport carriers therefore reducing bacterial glucose uptake
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 28
Questão
Chromogranin A and Thrombospondin 1 give rise to cationic peptides. They interact better with plant/animal cells than bacterial surfaces.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
Cystatins are
Responda
-
Cysteine protease inhibitors
-
Cysteine protease
-
Serine protease inhibitor
Questão 30
Questão
What is gingipains?
Responda
-
Cysteine protease
-
Cysteine protease inhibitor
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Serine protease
Questão 31
Questão
SLP1 is a
Responda
-
Serine protease inhibitor (inhibit neutrophil elastase)
-
Serine protease (cleave neutrophil elastase)
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Cysteine protease (cleave neutrophil granules)
Questão 32
Questão
Cystatins and Von Ebner's protein are both cysteine protease inhibitors
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 33
Questão
Cystatins, Von Ebners protein and SLP1 are all cysteine protease inhibitors
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 34
Questão
Which scavenges peroxidation products?
Responda
-
Von Ebners protein
-
SLP1
-
Cystatins
Questão 35
Questão
Toll like receptors react to...
Responda
-
PAMPs
-
DAMPs
-
Antigens
Questão 36
Questão
NOD-like receptors detect intracellular virus RNA
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 37
Questão
NOD-like receptors detect intracellular pathogen peptidoglycan
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 38
Questão
NOD-like receptors detect intracellular pathogen p[blank_start]eptidoglycan[blank_end]
Responda
-
eptidoglycan
Questão 39
Questão
RIG-1 like helicase detect intracellular [blank_start]virus[blank_end] R[blank_start]NA[blank_end]
Responda
-
virus
-
NA
Questão 40
Questão
NLRP family of proteins are nod like receptors with pyrin associated with them
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 41
Questão
The inflammasome is important in cleaving cytokines and contributes to their short half life
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 42
Questão
NLRP3 is the only NLRP protein to form inflammasomes
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 43
Questão
What are the components of the typical inflammasome?
Responda
-
Caspase 1
-
NLRP3
-
Adaptor protein
-
TLR
Questão 44
Questão
Activation of toll like or nod like receptors results in what?
Responda
-
Transcription factor activation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production
-
Inflammasome cleavage of pro-cytokines
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Exocytosis of active pro-inflammatory cytokines
Questão 45
Questão
Which of these are serum proteins?
Responda
-
Acute phase proteins
-
Complement
-
Interferons
-
Cytokines
-
Chemokines
Questão 46
Questão
Which of these are tissue factors?
Responda
-
Cytokines
-
Chemokines
-
Interferons
-
Complement
-
Acute phase proteins
Questão 47
Questão
Acute phase proteins are produced by the
Responda
-
Liver
-
Spleen
-
MALT
-
Peyer's patches
Questão 48
Questão
C reactive protein is a [blank_start]pentameric[blank_end] protein made by h[blank_start]epatocytes[blank_end]
Responda
-
pentameric
-
epatocytes
Questão 49
Questão
C reactive protein activates...
Responda
-
Complement cascade
-
Promotes phagocytosis
-
IL-10 to suppress inflammation
Questão 50
Questão
CRP is said to act like a primitive antibody since it activates complement and induces more phagocytosis
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 51
Questão
Interferons are proteins
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 52
Questão
Type 1 interferons are...
Responda
-
Alpha
-
Beta
-
Gamma
Questão 53
Questão
Type 2 interferons are...
Responda
-
Gamma
-
Alpha
-
Beta
Questão 54
Questão
How do interferons function?
Responda
-
Prevent viral replication
-
Increase display of viral particles to the immune system
-
Promoting phagocytosis
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