7241824
Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following drugs are the only medications approved for the use in the treatment of Type 1 DM?
Responda
-
Pramlintide (Symlin)
-
Miglitol (Gylset)
-
Insulin
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Questão 2
Questão
Increntin hormones like GLP-1 and GIP stimulate insulin secretion in response to meals
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 3
Questão
Specify how each of the following specified areas contribute to the pathophysiology of Type 2 DM
Responda
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increased lipolysis
-
decreased insulin secretion (beta cells)
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increased production of glucose
-
neurotransmitter dysfunction
-
increased glucagon secretion
-
increased lipolysis
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increase production of glucose
-
increase glucose reabsorption
-
neurotransmitter dysfunction
-
increased glucose reabsorption
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increase glucagon secretion
-
neurotransmitter dysfunction
-
increased lipolysis
-
decrease glucose uptake
-
increased production of glucose
-
increased glucagon secretion (alpha cell
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increased glucose reabsorption
-
increased lipolysis
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increased production of glucose
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increased glucagon secretion (alpha)
-
decreased insulin secretion (beta cells)
-
increased glucagon secretion (alpha cell
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increased lipolysis
Questão 4
Questão
Pramlintide (Symlin) belongs to what drug class?
Responda
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
amylinomimetics
-
Megltinides
-
Sulfonylureas
Questão 5
Questão
What type of efficacy does the following anti-diabetic drugs have?
Metformin, Sulfonyureas, TZDs, GLP-1
Responda
-
Low efficacy (< 0.5 decrease in A1C)
-
Intermediate efficacy (~0.5-1 % decrease in A1C)
-
High efficacy ( ~1-2% decrease in A1C)
Questão 6
Questão
What type of efficacy do the following drugs have?
SGLT2, DPP-IV, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Responda
-
High efficacy (~1-2% decrease in A1C)
-
Intermediate efficacy (~0.5-1% decrease in A1C)
-
Low efficacy (< 0.5% decrease in A1C)
Questão 7
Questão
Of the following anti-diabetic drugs, which have the lowest efficacy in regards to the lowering of the A1C?
Responda
-
Colesvelam
-
Metformin
-
Insulins
-
Bromocriptine
Questão 8
Questão
[blank_start]Pramlintide (Symlin)[blank_end] has a BBW for severe HYPOglycemia
Responda
-
Pramlintide
Questão 9
Questão
Which of the following are contraindications for Pramlintide (Symlin)?
Responda
-
gastroparesis
-
HYPOglycemic unawareness
-
poor compliance with drug insulin regimens
-
pediatric patients
-
inflammatory bowel disease
-
colonic ulceration
Questão 10
Questão
If taking anti-diabetic drug [blank_start]Pramlintide (Symlin)[blank_end], the meal time insulin must reduced by 50%.
Responda
-
Pramlintide
Questão 11
Questão
Pramlintide (Symlin) must be injected immediately prior to each major meal.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 12
Questão
Miglitol (Glyset) and Acarbose (Precose) belong to what anti-diabetic drug class?
Responda
-
Amylinomimetics
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
Biguanides
-
TZD's
Questão 13
Questão
What is the MOA for the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Responda
-
activation of amylin
-
activates the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-gamma
-
inhibits intestinal alpha glucosidase
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
Questão 14
Questão
The [blank_start]alpha-glucosidase[blank_end] drug class slows intestinal carbohydrate digestion/absorption.
Responda
-
alpha-glucosidase
-
secretagogues
-
TZDs
-
Biguanides
Questão 15
Questão
Alpha-glucosidase drugs must be taken with the 1st bite of each meal
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 16
Questão
Which of the following are adverse drug reactions for alpha-glucosidase class?
Responda
-
GI disturbances
-
flatulence
-
headache
-
elevation in hepatic enzymes
Questão 17
Questão
Contrainidcations for the [blank_start]alpha-glucosidase inhibitors[blank_end] include inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulceration, intestinal obstruction, malabsorption, and CrCL < 25 mL/min
Responda
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
amylinomimetics
-
DPP-IV
-
Meglitinides
Questão 18
Questão
Hypoglycemia must be treated with what when taking an alpha glucosidase inhibitor.
Responda
-
complex carbs
-
insulins
-
simple carbohydrates
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following are the mechanisms of action for the biguanides class?
Responda
-
decrease glucose production from the liver
-
closes a K(ATP) channels on beta-cell plasma membranes
-
increases insulin sensitivity in muscle
-
decrease carbohydrate uptake in gut
Questão 20
Questão
Which of the following are the mechanisms of action for the biguanides class?
Responda
-
closes K(ATP) channels on beta-cell plasma membranes
-
decreases glucose production form liver
-
increases insulin sensitivity in muscle
-
decreases uptake in gut
Questão 21
Questão
What is the physiological action of the Biguanides class?
Responda
-
increases insulin secretions
-
decreases hepatic glucose production
-
increases incretin levels
-
decreases glucagon secretion
Questão 22
Questão
The maximum effective does for Metformin (Glucophage) is [blank_start]2000[blank_end] mg/day
Responda
-
2000
-
1500
-
1000
-
2250
Questão 23
Questão
Metformin (Glucophage) has a BBW for lactic acidosis
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 24
Questão
Iodinated contrast media, unstable HF, eGFR < 30 mL/min, hepatic dysfunction, dehydration, pre-renal azotemia, hypoxic states, CKD, and acidosis are all contraindications for [blank_start]Metformin (Glucophage)[blank_end]
Responda
-
Metformin
Questão 25
Questão
[blank_start]Metformin (Glucophage)[blank_end] is the first line therapy for T2DM.
Responda
-
Metformin
Questão 26
Questão
Starting metformin in patients with an eGFR between 45-50 mL/min/1.73m is not recommended.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 27
Questão
The following drugs belong to what class?
Glyburide (Micronase)
Glyburide (Micronized) - (Glynase)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Responda
-
Biguanides
-
DDP-IV
-
TZD's
-
Sulfonylureas
Questão 28
Questão
Closure of the K(ATP) channels on beta-cell plasma membranes is the MOA for what class(es) of drugs?
Responda
-
Sulfonylureas
-
TZDs
-
Bile Acid sequestrants
-
Meglitinides
Questão 29
Questão
Which of the following are ADR's for the sulfonylurea class?
Responda
-
HYPOglycemia
-
SIADH
-
photosensitivity
-
GI disturbances
-
B12 deficiency
-
induced ovulation in PCOS
-
sulfa-allergy
Questão 30
Questão
[blank_start]Sulfonrylureas[blank_end] should NOT be used in elderly patients or patients with hepatic impairment
Responda
-
Sulfonylureas
Questão 31
Questão
Which of the sulfonylureas can be used during pregnancy?
Responda
-
Glyburide (Micronase)
-
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
-
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Questão 32
Questão
For the sulfonylurea class, 1/2 of the max dose is equal to 80% drug effectiveness
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 33
Questão
Sulfonylureas can be used in combination with insulin
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 34
Questão
Glynase can be interchanged with the drug Mirconase.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 35
Questão
Of the sulfonylureas, [blank_start]Glipizide (Glucotrol)[blank_end] should be utilized in patients with renal impariement.
Responda
-
Glipizide
Questão 36
Questão
Which of the following drugs are Meglitinides?
Responda
-
Nateglinide (Starlix)
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
-
Repaglinide (Prandin)
-
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Questão 37
Questão
Which of the following are ADR's for the Meglitinides?
Responda
-
increased fluid retention
-
bladder cancer
-
HYPOglycemia
-
dizziness
-
GI disturbances
Questão 38
Questão
[blank_start]Meglitinides[blank_end] can be antidiabetic drug that can be reccommended for patients who are meal skippers.
Responda
-
Meglitinides
Questão 39
Questão
Repaglinide (Prandin) is contraindicated with Gemfibrozil
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 40
Questão
Which drugs listed below belong the Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) class?
Responda
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
-
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
-
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Questão 41
Questão
What is the MOA for the Thiazolidinediones class?
Responda
-
closure of the K(ATP) channels on the beta-cell membranes
-
activates dopaminergic receptors
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
-
activates the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-gamma
Questão 42
Questão
What is the physiological action for the TZD class?
Responda
-
increases insulin secretion
-
increases insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, adipocytes, and liver
-
decreases hepatic glucose production
Questão 43
Questão
[blank_start]TZDs[blank_end] have a BBW warning for heart failure
Responda
-
TZDs
-
Meglitinides
-
DPP-IV inhibitors
-
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Questão 44
Questão
Select the ADRs of the TZD class
Responda
-
increase in fluid retention
-
dizziness
-
peripheral edema
-
hepatotoxicity
-
bladder cancer
-
fractures
-
macular edema
Questão 45
Questão
Which patient should not take TZDs for their diabetes?
Responda
-
Patients with Class III or IV heart failure
-
Patient with Type 1 DM
-
Patients with the risk of bone fracture
Questão 46
Questão
Of the TZD drugs, which has an improved lipid profile?
Responda
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
-
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Questão 47
Questão
TZDs can be used in combination with Metformin
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 48
Questão
[blank_start]Colesevelam (Welchol)[blank_end] is a bile acid sequestrant
Responda
-
Colesevelam
Questão 49
Questão
Binds bile acids in intestinal tract, increasing hepatic bile acid production and activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the liver is the MOA for what drug class?
Responda
-
Dopamine agonist
-
Bile acid sequestrant
-
DPP-IV inhibitors
-
Biguanides
Questão 50
Questão
Indicate the physiological actions of the bile acid sequestrant class?
Responda
-
Decreases hepatic glucose production
-
increases incretin levels
-
increases insulin sensitivity
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
Questão 51
Questão
Which of the following are ADR's for bile acid sequestrant?
Responda
-
constipation
-
increases in TG
-
pancreatitis
-
decreases absorption of other medications
-
GI upset
-
fatigue
Questão 52
Questão
Bowel obstructions, TG > 500 mg/dL, and history of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis are contraindications for ....
Responda
-
Dopamine agonist
-
Bile acid sequestrant
-
DPP-IV
-
SGLT-2
Questão 53
Questão
Colesevelam (Welchol) can be approved for monotherapy
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 54
Questão
Bromocriptine (Cycloset) belongs to what anti-diabetic drug class?
Responda
-
Bile acid sequestrant
-
SGLT-2
-
Dopamine agonist
-
GLP-1
Questão 55
Questão
What is the MOA for Bromocriptine (Cycloset)?
Responda
-
inhibits DPP-IV activity
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
-
inhibits SGLT-2 in the proximal tubule
-
activates dopaminergic receptors
Questão 56
Questão
What are the physiological actions for the Dopamine agonist class?
Responda
-
modulates HYPOthalamic regulation of metabolism
-
decrease hepatic glucose production
-
increased incretin levels
-
increased insulin sensitivity
Questão 57
Questão
Postural hypotension, headache, fatigue, hallucinations, psychotic disorder, pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis, and GI ulcers are the ADR's for what drug?
Responda
-
Colesevelam (Welchol)
-
Bromocriptine (Cycloset)
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
-
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Questão 58
Questão
Which of the following are contraindications for the Bromocriptine (Cycloset)?
Responda
-
Hypersensitivity to ergot derivation or dopamine
-
lactation
-
syncopal migraines
-
severe renal impairment
Questão 59
Questão
Bromocriptine (Cycloset) is not approved for monotherapy.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 60
Questão
What drug class do the following drugs belong to?
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
Alogliptin (Nesina)
Responda
-
DPP-IV
-
SGLT2 inhibitors
-
Dopamine agonist
-
GLP-1 agonist
Questão 61
Questão
Inhibits DPP-IV activity, increasing postprandial active incretin concentrations is the MOA for what drug class?
Responda
-
GLP-1
-
TZDs
-
Biguanides
-
DPP-IV inhibitors
Questão 62
Questão
What are the physiological actions for the DPP-IV inhibitors? (select all that apply)
Responda
-
increases insulin secretion (glucose-dependent)
-
increase renal excretion of glucose
-
decrease glucagon secretion (glucose-dependent)
-
slows gastric emptying
Questão 63
Questão
Of the DPP-IV inhibitors, which one does not need to be adjusted in renal and hepatic impairment?
Responda
-
Alogliptin (Nesina)
-
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
-
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Questão 64
Questão
ADR's for DPP-IV's include which of the following
Responda
-
upper respiratory infection
-
peripheral edema
-
decreased BP
-
pancreatitis
-
SJS
-
rhabdomyolysis
Questão 65
Questão
FDA warns that [blank_start]DPP-4 inhibitors[blank_end] may cause severe joint pain that can be severe or diabiling
Responda
-
DPP-4 inhibitors
-
SGLT-2
-
GLP-1 inhibitors
-
TZDs
Questão 66
Questão
Which of the DPP-IV inhibitors can cause heart failure?
Responda
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
-
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
-
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
-
Alogliptin (Nesina)
Questão 67
Questão
The following drugs belong to what drug class?
Exenatide (Byetta)
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Abiglutide (Tanzeum)
Dulagultide (Trulicity)
Responda
-
GLP-1 agonist
-
TZDs
-
DPP-IV
-
SGLT-2
Questão 68
Questão
Select the physiological actions of the GLP-1 class
Responda
-
increases insulin secretion (glucose-dependent)
-
decreases glucagon (glucose-dependent)
-
slows gastric emptying
-
increases satiety
Questão 69
Questão
Of the GLP-1 agonist, which one can not be used if the CrCL is < 30 mL/min?
Responda
-
Exenatide (Byetta)
-
Liraglutide (Victoza)
-
Abiglutide (Tanzeum)
-
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Questão 70
Questão
Of the GLP-1 inhibitors, which ones have a BBW warning for thyroid carcinoma?
Responda
-
Exenatide (Byetta)
-
Liraglutide (Victoza)
-
Abiglutide (Tanzeum)
-
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Questão 71
Questão
History of pancreatitis, gastroparesis or GI disease, and caution in renal impairment are all contrainidcations for the [blank_start]GLP-1 agontist[blank_end]
Responda
-
GLP-1 agonist
-
DPP-IV
-
TZDs
-
SGLT-2
Questão 72
Questão
The following drugs belong to what drug class?
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Responda
-
SGLT-2 inhibitors
-
DPP-IV
-
Biguanides
-
Meglitinides
Questão 73
Questão
Which of the following are ADR's for the SGLT-2 inhibitor drug class?
Responda
-
female & male genital mycotic infections
-
increased urination
-
increased BP
-
decreased BP
-
pancreatitis
-
hypovolemia
-
hyperkalemia
Questão 74
Questão
Hypovolemia must be corrected prior to starting a SGLT-2 inhibitor
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 75
Questão
Increased risk of bladder cancer and bone fracture with [blank_start]Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)[blank_end]
Responda
-
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
-
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
-
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Questão 76
Questão
[blank_start]Empagliflozin (Jardiance)[blank_end] is assocaited with an increase in CV events
Responda
-
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
-
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
-
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Questão 77
Questão
[blank_start]Canagliflozin (Invokana)[blank_end] may be associated with an increase in lower extremity amputations
Responda
-
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
-
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
-
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Questão 78
Questão
Which drug classes target fasting BG only!
Responda
-
Biguanides
-
TZDs
-
SGLT-2
-
Amylinomimetics
Questão 79
Questão
Which drug classes targets post-prandial blood glucose only!
Responda
-
Biguanides
-
Sulfonylureas
-
Amylinomimetics
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
dopamine agonist
-
DPP-4 inhibitors
-
meglitinides
Questão 80
Questão
What drug classes target BOTH fasting and postprandial BG levels?
Responda
-
Sulfonylureas
-
TZDs
-
SGLT-2 inhibitors
-
Bile acid sequestrants
Questão 81
Questão
GLP-1 agonist, Metformin, SGLT-2, Amylinmimetics all cause [blank_start]weight loss[blank_end]
Responda
-
weight loss
-
weight gain
-
weight neutral
Questão 82
Questão
Metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-IV inhibitors all cause [blank_start]weight gain[blank_end]
Responda
-
weight gain
-
weight loss
-
weight neutral
Questão 83
Questão
Suflonylureas, Meglitinides, insulins, and TZDs all cause [blank_start]weight loss[blank_end]
Responda
-
weight loss
-
weight gain
-
weight neutral
Questão 84
Questão
Which drug classes are high cost agents?
Responda
-
GLP-1
-
SGLT-2
-
DPP-IV
-
Insulins
-
Metformin
-
Sulfonylureas
-
TZDs
Questão 85
Questão
Which drugs classes are low cost agents?
Responda
-
Metformin
-
Sulfonylureas
-
DPP-IV
-
TZDs
-
GLP-1
-
SGLT-2
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