Questão 1
Questão
Tom and Sally have been dating for two years. Sally breaks up with Tom because he cheated on her with Betty. Sally tells her friend Kelly about Tom, but she tells her without showing any emotion. Tom continues to call Sally and treat her as he did when they were going out. Betty, who did not know about Sally, tells Tom that she is glad that he feels guilty for hurting Sally. She also tells him that it will take a long time to get over the guilt.
Betty is using ___________ as a defense mechanism.
Responda
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repression
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denial
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projection
-
isolation
Questão 2
Questão
Which psychosexual stage of development did Freud view as different from the others because an individual does not simply experience it but must achieve it?
Responda
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Genital
-
anal
-
phallic
-
oral
Questão 3
Questão
What is the result of psychic conflict; that is, the conflict between desires, morals, and possibilities?
Responda
-
confusion
-
depression
-
self-actualisation
-
anxiety
Questão 4
Questão
According to Freud, what was the consequence of the physical inability of women to overcome penis envy and the reason their personality would never fully develop?
Responda
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Their ego could never develop
-
Their superego could never develop
-
Their Id could never fully develop
-
all of the above
Questão 5
Questão
Bobby is thirsty and wants his mother to get him a drink. He waits until she has finished talking to her friend and then asks ‘Mummy, please can I have a drink of water?’ His mother then fetches him a cup of water. Bobby’s behaviour represents...
Responda
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an undeveloped id
-
an undeveloped ego
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a fully developed id
-
a fully developed ego
Questão 6
Questão
An extreme childhood experience during the ______ stage could result in the kind of personality that aggressively refuses help from others, even in the midst of failure, or one that exerts no agency over fulfilling its own needs.
Responda
-
genital
-
anal
-
phallic
-
oral
Questão 7
Questão
The process that Freud referred to as identification, involving the realization that the sexes differ, is an important psychological milestone connected with what stage of development?
Responda
-
genital
-
anal
-
phallic
-
oral
Questão 8
Questão
A toddler in a supermarket is having a tantrum because his mother says he cannot have the chocolate bar he is asking for. In Freudian terms he is behaving this way because…
Responda
-
he is expressing a strong Superegeo
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his Ego is being denied
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his Id instincts are being denied
-
he has an electra complex
Questão 9
Questão
I really want to buy a brand new leather sofa, but it costs £3000 and I don’t have the money. My inner ‘child’ or Id is saying ‘buy it, buy it, buy it’, but there is another element of my psyche telling me I shouldn’t buy it because I can’t afford it and that I should save up. According to Freud’s structure of the mind what is this element called?
Responda
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super id
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super ego
-
ego
-
self control
Questão 10
Questão
Tom and Sally have been dating for two years. Sally breaks up with Tom because he cheated on her with Betty. Sally tells her friend Kelly about Tom, but she tells her without showing any emotion. Tom continues to call Sally and treat her as he did when they were going out. Betty, who did not know about Sally, tells Tom that she is glad that he feels guilty for hurting Sally. She also tells him that it will take a long time to get over the guilt.
Sally is using ___________ as a defense mechanism
Responda
-
projection
-
repression
-
denial
-
isolation
Questão 11
Questão
Karen Horney called parental mistreatment _______, as she believed that parental behavior that does not meet the child's fundamental need for safety was highly damaging.
Responda
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abuse
-
basic evil
-
thanatos
-
eros
Questão 12
Questão
According to Adler, ________ is the "sole criterion of human values"
Responda
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productive work
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social interest
-
self-interest
-
religion
Questão 13
Questão
Karen Horney postulated all of the following character patterns except
Responda
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Moving away from people, characterized by social avoidance, withdrawal, and need for independence.
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Moving with people, characterized by compliance, submissive behavior, and a need for acceptance.
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Moving toward people, characterized by compliance, submissive behavior, and a need for love.
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Moving against people, characterized by arrogance, hostility, and a need for power.
Questão 14
Questão
Which personality descriptions is Carl Jung most associated with
Responda
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oral and anal fixations
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marketing and exploitative personality types
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superiority and inferiority complexes
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introversion and extroversion
Questão 15
Questão
According to Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's activity is
Questão 16
Questão
what word did Karen Horney use to describe abnormal needs such as social recognition, power, affection and approval?
Responda
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social
-
neurotic
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psychotic
-
cultural
Questão 17
Questão
In Karen Horney’s model of the development of the personality and the neurotic personality, which of the following statements is true?
Responda
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In the normal individual the true self and the real self are closely aligned
-
in the neurotic individual the idealised self and the neurotic self are closely aligned
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In the normal individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
-
In the neurotic individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
Questão 18
Questão
Jung believed that all people share certain memories and ideas as a result of our shared history. This idea is known as:
Questão 19
Questão
According to Adler, which of the following is NOT one of the primary goals of children's misbehaviour?
Responda
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attention
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revenge
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power
-
affection
Questão 20
Questão
Which factor did Horney place less emphasis on in her approach?
Responda
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primal instincts
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biological instincts
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cultural instincts
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social instincts
Questão 21
Questão
Rogers believed that in the psychologically healthy individual
Responda
-
the self and experience are congruent
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denial of organismic functioning is essential
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the ideal self replaces the real self
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an incongruence exists between the ideal self and the organismic self
Questão 22
Questão
Rogers believed that each person has a natural tendency towards growth and...
Responda
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self-centredness
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self-awareness
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self-actualisation
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self-acceptance
Questão 23
Questão
A characteristic feature of the fully functioning person is:
1. congruence of the self and one's experiences.
2. conditions of worth.
3. trusting of his or her own judgment.
Questão 24
Questão
The purpose of _________ is to help individuals meet the fundamental desire for continued personal growth and self-enhancement.
Responda
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inner directiveness
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cognitive centering
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self actualisation
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mental discipline
Questão 25
Questão
Many victims of hurricane Katrina were left without their homes, food, and water--basic necessities for living. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which motives were activated for these individuals?
Responda
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security
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self-actualisation
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Physiological
-
belongingness
Questão 26
Questão
What is the correct order (starting with the most basic) of Maslow’s hierarchy needs?
Responda
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Belongingness and love; safety; physiological; esteem
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Physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem
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safety; belongingness and love; esteem; physiological
-
Belongingness and love; physiological; safety ; esteem
Questão 27
Questão
In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that:
Responda
-
people in different cultures have different basic needs
-
motivation is nearly always conscious
-
people are motivated by one need at a time
-
people are continually motivated by one need or another
Questão 28
Questão
What, according to Rogers is the cause of all psychological problems?
Questão 29
Questão
If you feel that other people value you only if you are smart, successful, attractive, or good, according to Rogers, you will develop_______.
Questão 30
Questão
According to Maslow, some needs grow stronger when unsatisfied. Maslow called these...
Responda
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being needs
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deficiency needs
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growth needs
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primary needs
Questão 31
Questão
Costa and McCrae used the well-known NEO-PI-R to measure their five factors of personality. The acronym used to remember the ‘Big Five’ is O.C.E.A.N, where N stands for Neuroticism and E stands for Extraversion, but what do the other letters stand for?
Responda
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Occupation, Concern and Approach
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Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness
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Order, Compliance and Agreeableness
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Originality, Caring and Assertiveness
Questão 32
Questão
which is the odd one out?
Responda
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low self esteem
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impulsive
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impersonal
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creative
Questão 33
Questão
Which of these is not a five factor (Costa and McCrae)
Responda
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Extraversion
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Psychoticism
-
Neuroticism
-
Agreeableness
Questão 34
Questão
In the story, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the dwarfs names (sleepy, dopey, grumpy etc) represent which of Allport’s Traits?
Responda
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central
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secondary
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primary
-
cardinal
Questão 35
Questão
Cattell and Eysenck identify traits through the use of
Responda
-
twin studies
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factor analysis
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intuition
-
ability tests
Questão 36
Questão
Raymond Cattell's measurement of personality instrument was called the ____________.
Questão 37
Questão
which of the following helps define the term personality?
Responda
-
characteristics that are typical for a person
-
characteristics that make a person unique
-
acting, thinking and feeling
-
all of the above
Questão 38
Questão
According to Eysenck, extroverts are
Responda
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naturally underaroused
-
stimulus hungry
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approaching
-
all of the above
Questão 39
Questão
According to Hans Eysenck, impulsive thrill seekers would be called
Responda
-
neurotics
-
psychotics
-
extreme extroverts
-
schizoprenics
Questão 40
Questão
What do Eysenck's three supertraits measure?
Responda
-
intelligence, neuroticism, psychoticism
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sociability, intelligence, psychoticism
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extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
-
intelligence, extraversion, neuroticism
Questão 41
Questão
The theories of Cattell and Eysenck rate
Responda
-
high on biological determinants of personality
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high on teleology
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low on their ability to generate research
-
high on free will versus determinism
Questão 42
Questão
which of the following helps define the term personality?
Responda
-
characteristics that are typical for a person
-
characteristics that make a person unique
-
acting, thinking and feeling
-
all of the above
Questão 43
Questão
Allport calls the traits that organise and influence most of our behaviour
Responda
-
cardinal traits
-
central traits
-
secondary traits
-
source traits
Questão 44
Questão
According to Hans Eysenck, impulsive thrill seekers would be called
Responda
-
Neurotics
-
psychotics
-
extreme extroverts
-
Schizophrenics
Questão 45
Questão
talkative vs quiet; frank or open vs secretive; adventurous vs cautious; sociable vs reclusive - these traits describe which dimension personality?
Responda
-
agreeableness
-
conscientiousness
-
emotional stability
-
extraversion
Questão 46
Questão
What labels are assigned to the levels that form the hierarchy in Eysenck's PEN model?
Responda
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specific behavioural responses, habitual responses, traits, supertraits
-
L-Data, Q-Data, T-Data
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Cardinal traits, central traits, secondary traits
-
interpersonal traits, temperamental traits, character traits, material traits, mental traits, physical traits
Questão 47
Questão
"Funny, caring, 40-year old males, loves gardening. Seeks slim, honest, reliable female. Must enjoy Opera"
In the above 'lonely hearts' advertisement, according to Allport's trait theory, which of the following is true?
Responda
-
Only primary traits are presented
-
no secondary traits are presented
-
no cardinal traits are presented
-
cardinal, primary and secondary traits are presented
Questão 48
Questão
Judith is angry that her husband is going to be late home from work again and hadn’t called to let her know first. During dinner she snaps at her children for their poor table manners and sends them all to bed without pudding. According to Freud, which defence mechanism is she employing?
Responda
-
sublimation
-
Repression
-
displacement
-
regression
Questão 49
Questão
Ideas about the id pertain to _______, the ego to ______, and the superego to _______.
Responda
-
The unconscious mind;the conscious mind; the rational mind
-
The irrational part of the mind; the rational part of the mind; the moral part of the mind
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Impulses; impulse control; morality
-
Dreams and the imagination; morality; rational thought
Questão 50
Questão
During which stage of a child’s psychic development does she try to understand how much authority her parents have and how much she herself controls?
Responda
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oral
-
phallic
-
anal
-
genital
Questão 51
Questão
Asif is a hoarder. He has kept every copy of the NME that he has ever bought and has these arranged in chronological order in files on his bookshelf and refuses to throw them away. According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, this behaviour represents which personality type?
Responda
-
Oral retentive
-
Anal retentive
-
Oral aggressive
-
Anal expulsive
Questão 52
Questão
According to Freud, _______ is the defence mechanism that involves reverting to immature behaviours that have relieved anxiety in the past
Responda
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regression
-
rationalisation
-
projection
-
displacement
Questão 53
Questão
Clare foolishly believes Tom when he tells her that the chewing gum she just swallowed will take seven years to digest.
Responda
-
Clare has developed an oral receptive character because she was overindulged at the oral stage of development
-
Clare has an oral aggressive character because she was under-indulged at the oral stage of development
-
Clare has an anal retentive character because she resisted her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development
-
Clare has an anal-expulsive personality because she complied with her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development
Questão 54
Questão
Karen Horney believed that neurotic needs develop in
Responda
-
childhood
-
infancy
-
adolescence
-
adulthood
Questão 55
Questão
Many neo-Freudians gave which part of the psyche a greater role in personality development than Freud did?
Responda
-
conscious
-
id
-
ego
-
superego
Questão 56
Questão
In Karen Horney’s model of the development of the personality and the neurotic personality, which of the following statements is true?
Responda
-
In the normal individual the true self and the real self are closely aligned
-
in the neurotic individual the idealised self and the neurotic self are closely aligned
-
In the normal individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
-
In the neurotic individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
Questão 57
Questão
Compared with Freud, Adler
Responda
-
had a more positive view towards women
-
placed more emphasis on aggression
-
relied more on dream interpretation in psychoanalysis
-
was more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients
Questão 58
Questão
Which aspect of the family did Adler believe may play a significant role in personality development?
Questão 59
Questão
Most neo-Freudians differ from Freud in three respects. Which of the answers below is NOT one of these ways?
Responda
-
Neo-Freudians emphasize conscious rather than unconscious thought.
-
Neo-Freudians view sex as less important than Freud did
-
Neo-Freudians put less emphasis on individual introspection and more emphasis on acquiring experimental data as a source of psychological theory.
-
Neo-Freudians inject a focus on interpersonal relationships as a source of psychological differences
Questão 60
Questão
One of the most useful Jungian ideas is his classification of the four basic ways of thinking. __________ establishes what is actually present, ___________ enables us to recognize its meaning, _______ tells us its value, and _________ points to possibilities as to whence it came and whither it is going in a given situation.
Responda
-
Sensation; feeling; rational thinking; intuition
-
Feeling; rational thinking; sensation; intuition
-
Sensation; rational thinking; feeling; intuition
-
Intuition; rational thinking ; feeling; sensation
Questão 61
Questão
For years, the U.S. Army ran an advertising campaign with the tagline, “Be all you can be.” To which of Maslow's needs is this appealing?
Responda
-
safety
-
self-actualisation
-
physiological
-
esteem
Questão 62
Questão
Jane lives on her own, but on her way home from work every day she stops off at the gym to work out for an hour and then stops off at her favourite café for a cup of green tea before going home. This routine is an example of which of Maslow's need levels? ________ needs
Responda
-
belongingness
-
safety
-
physical
-
biosocial
Questão 63
Questão
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is the first step that must be taken to ensure, for example, a fresher student’s productivity?
Responda
-
She must make friends so that she has the feeling of being part of a community
-
She must be allowed the freedom to express her ideas
-
She must find somewhere suitable to live
-
She must learn the rules of social conduct in her new cultural context
Questão 64
Questão
Which Humanist's ideas developed from clinical experiences?
Responda
-
cattell
-
maslow
-
rogers
-
allport
Questão 65
Questão
Rogers believed that all behaviour relates to one's
Responda
-
enhancement needs
-
ideal self
-
safety needs
-
actualising tendency
Questão 66
Questão
In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that:
Responda
-
people in different cultures have different basic needs
-
motivation is nearly always conscious
-
people are motivated by one need at a time
-
people are continually motivated by one need or another
Questão 67
Questão
In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that:
Responda
-
people in different cultures have different basic needs
-
motivation is nearly always conscious
-
people are motivated by one need at a time
-
people are continually motivated by one need or another
Questão 68
Questão
Formal personality assessment is not uncommon in work psychology and the personality measures used must satisfy psychometric criteria to be acceptable. Which of the following is not one of these criteria?
Questão 69
Questão
The most widely used and extensively researched objective personality test is the ____________
Questão 70
Questão
Some people like looking at clouds and figuring out what the shapes remind them of. This is similar to which psychological test?
Questão 71
Questão
The NEO-PI-R was developed to assess
Questão 72
Questão
What is Rorschach’s test designed to measure?
Responda
-
unconscious intentions
-
brain size
-
dreams
-
conscious desires
Questão 73
Questão
A difference between objective and projective methods of assessment is that projective methods are
Responda
-
more artistic and less verbal in nature
-
of value with test takers regardless of culture
-
indirect methods of personality assessment
-
all of the above
Questão 74
Questão
Shaun is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes. He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and to suggest what the characters are feeling. The test Shaun is taking is the
Responda
-
Thematic Apperception Test
-
Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory
-
Draw a man test
-
Neuroticism Extroversion Openess Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)
Questão 75
Questão
One advantage of the projective personality test is that they
Responda
-
are easy to administer and grade by a computer
-
have higher validity than self-report tests
-
allow respondents more freedom for self-expression
-
permit broader interpretations by the clinician
Questão 76
Questão
Individual differences form an integral part of work psychology. Which of the following are relevant for job performance?
Responda
-
personality variables
-
emotional intelligence
-
cognitive abilities
-
all of the above
Questão 77
Questão
How are the Five Factor traits measured?
Responda
-
Through adjective and questionnaire statement methods
-
through galvanic skin response measurements
-
through fMRI measurements
-
through interviews
Questão 78
Questão
In the context of Rorschach scoring, which does not belong?
Responda
-
popularity
-
form
-
concepts
-
determinants
Questão 79
Questão
Which kind of validity or reliability does not match the description that follows it?
Responda
-
re-test reliability: people get similar scores when they do a test on different occasions.
-
discriminant validity: a test of one personality characteristic does not correlate with tests that measure different characteristics.
-
convergent validity: people get similar scores on a test when different people administer it to them.
-
internal consistency: the items in the test all correlate with one another
Questão 80
Questão
In clinical practice, a TAT examiner administers
Questão 81
Questão
The MMPI-2 and the NEO-PI-R are examples of
Responda
-
subjective tests
-
projective tests
-
objective tests
-
clinical interviews
Questão 82
Questão
The MMPI measures which of the following?
Responda
-
mood
-
physical concerns
-
social attitudes
-
all of the above
Questão 83
Questão
Which of the following does NOT occur during the free association phase of the Rorschach inkblot test?
Responda
-
the tester and the client sit next to each other at a table
-
The tester asks the client where in each inkblot s/he saw each image
-
The client is asked to list at least two things that each inkblot calls to mind.
-
The tester makes a verbatim record of the client's responses.
Questão 84
Questão
The items in a personality test correlate strongly with one each other. Which kind of reliability or validity does this imply?
Responda
-
convergent validity
-
content validity
-
internal consistency
-
retest reliability
Questão 85
Questão
which of the following is an accurate criticisms of projective tests of personality?
Responda
-
They have poor inter-rater reliability, but they show high validity
-
They require too many inferences on the part of the examiner and do no show high validity
-
their validity is too high
-
they prevent subjects from expressing themselves freely
Questão 86
Questão
Narcissistic personality disorder is also closely associated with antisocial personality disorder (APD). Which of the following is NOT a way in narcissistic individuals will regularly act:
Responda
-
self-motivated
-
deceitful
-
aggressive
-
withdrawn
Questão 87
Questão
Which cluster of Axis II of the DSM do 'dramatic, emotional or erratic' disorders belong in?
Questão 88
Questão
Which of the following is NOT a DSM criterion for schizoid personality disorder?
Responda
-
Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
-
Almost always chooses solitary activities
-
Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
-
Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
Questão 89
Questão
Katie Price is on her third marriage in her quest to find ideal love. When Katie Price demonstrates patterns of attention seeking and the excessive need for admiration from others, a Psychologist could be forgiven for thinking she may be suffering from …
Responda
-
Paranoid personality disorder
-
Histrionic personality disorder
-
Narcissistic personality disorder
-
Anti-social personality disorder
Questão 90
Questão
Which of the following are considered to be the main features of avoidant personality disorder?
Questão 91
Questão
An Individual with Dependent Personality Disorder will NOT exhibit which of the following?
Questão 92
Questão
An Individual with a schizotypal personality disorder will usually exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Responda
-
eccentric behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication
-
discomfort with close personal relationships
-
often exhibit unusual ideas of reference
-
all of the above
Questão 93
Questão
Which of the following statements about personality disorders is true?
Responda
-
By definition, personality disorders must be present continuously since childhood.
-
The majority of people diagnosed with one personality disorder meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one other personality disorder.
-
Since personality disorders are treated differently than acute disorders, medical conditions or life stressors by the DSM-IV, they are placed on Axis III
-
Because they are more debilitating, people with personality disorders seek treatment more often than people with acute disorders
Questão 94
Questão
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with paranoid personality disorder
Responda
-
avoidance of close relationships
-
avoidance of public spaces
-
are often spontaneously aggressive towards others
-
often feel that they have been deeply and irreversibly betrayed by others
Questão 95
Questão
People with avoidant personality disorder…
Responda
-
don't want to have social relationships
-
wish they had more social relationships
-
feel over stimulated because they have too many social obligations
-
do not suffer from poor social skills
Questão 96
Questão
Personality disorders are an enduring patterns of behaviour that persist from childhood into adulthood and because of this fact, one of the best predictors of APD in adulthood is a diagnosis of
Questão 97
Questão
In the film ‘Girl Interrupted’, Winona Rider plays Susanna Keysen who is admitted to a Psychiatric hospital after a nervous breakdown. The assumption that she tried to commit suicide via an overdose, together with her significant distress when her friend Lisa Rowe (played by Angelina Jolie) leaves the hospital could be taken as signs of which personality disorder?
Responda
-
Avoidant personality disorder
-
Anti-social personality disorder
-
Borderline personality disorder
-
Schizoid personality disorder
Questão 98
Questão
The apparent lack of empathy and the tendency to exploit others for self-benefit, has lead psychologists to compare narcissistic personality disorder with which one of the following?
Responda
-
Histrionic Personality Disorder
-
Antisocial Personality Disorder
-
Paranoid Personality Disorder
-
Schizotypal
Questão 99
Questão
The term ‘Sociopath’ or ‘Psychopath’ is sometimes used to describe which type of personality disorder?
Responda
-
Paranoid personality disorder
-
Anti-social personality disorder
-
Histrionic personality disorder
-
Schizotypal personality disorder
Questão 100
Questão
Which of the following is false about antisocial personality disorder?
Responda
-
People with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have low levels of education.
-
The tendency to engage in anti-social behaviours tends to begin in childhood and is one of the most stable characteristics.
-
People with antisocial personality disorder have trouble inhibiting impulsive behaviours
-
People with antisocial personality disorder have high levels of arousability, which leads them to avoid stimulation through impulsive and dangerous acts and to experience punishment as less severe.
Questão 101
Questão
People with _____ personality disorder seem to have no need for social relationships.
Responda
-
schiziod
-
borderline
-
histrionic
-
obsessive compulsive
Questão 102
Questão
Which of the following are not symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
Responda
-
Difficulty making and maintaining relationships
-
Risk taking, or doing things without thinking of potential consequences
-
a fear of being abandoned or rejected
-
Emotions which are consistent and stable