Questão 1
Questão
Identical twins reared together tend to be about as similar in their personality traits as identical twins reared apart.
Questão 2
Questão
Environmental factors shared among members of the same family play an important role in the causes of most personality traits in adulthood.
Questão 3
Questão
Birth order is weakly related to most personality traits.
Questão 4
Questão
Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality.
Questão 5
Questão
Freudians would say that most persons with very high opinions of themselves have overdeveloped egos.
Questão 6
Questão
According to Freudians, a given dream symbol (such as a snake) does not have the same underlying meaning for every dreamer.
Questão 7
Questão
According to Freud, a person who is orally fixated would be likely to drink excessively.
Questão 8
Questão
One strength of Freudian theory is that many of its predictions are hard to disprove.
Questão 9
Questão
Most neo-Freudian therapists, such as Adler, placed less emphasis on social influences on personality development than did Freud.
Questão 10
Questão
For radical behaviourists, our personalities are bundles of habits influenced by learning.
Questão 11
Questão
Radical behaviourists argue that we are sometimes 'unconscious' of the true causes of our behaviour.
Questão 12
Questão
Social learning theorists believe that observational learning is a key form of learning in addition to classical and operant conditioning.
Questão 13
Questão
According to social learning theorists, individuals with an internal locus of control are more prone to depression than individuals with an external locus of control.
Questão 14
Questão
According to Rogers, human nature is inherently positive.
Questão 15
Questão
Rogers believed that only severely disturbed people aquire conditions of worth.
Questão 16
Questão
Maslow claimed that almost all self-actualised individuals are sociable and easy to get along with.
Questão 17
Questão
Many claims of humanistic models are difficult to test.
Questão 18
Questão
One limitation of the big five model is that researchers have identified these traits only in American culture.
Questão 19
Questão
Research demonstrates that after late childhood, the levels of most personality traits virtually never change over the life span.
Questão 20
Questão
Personality traits typically predict behaviour in a single situation with high levels of accuracy.
Questão 21
Questão
According to Eysenck, extraverts tend to be less aroused than introverts.
Questão 22
Questão
Items with low face validity tend to be especially easy for respondents to fake.
Questão 23
Questão
Simple formulas that can be programmed into computers yeild MMPI-2 interpretations equal or superior to those of experienced clinicians.
Questão 24
Questão
Adding the Rorschach Inkblot Test to other measures in a test battery sometimes produces significant decreases in validity.
Questão 25
Questão
The more detailed and specific an astrological horoscope is about someone's personality traits, the more likely that person will perceive it as accurate.
Questão 26
Questão
Researchers suggest that although students sometimes fall victim to illusory correlation, experienced clinicians do not.