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Nanat and Nphys 500

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Praxis quizzes Quiz sobre Nanat and Nphys 500, criado por Anne Godfrey em 27-01-2017.
Anne Godfrey
Quiz por Anne Godfrey, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Anne Godfrey
Criado por Anne Godfrey aproximadamente 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
In a case of bilateral vocal fold paralysis in the open position, it would be appropriate to state "the client is unable to phonate because the folds cannot abduct"
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
A neural impulse traveling from sensory receptors in the skin toward the spinal cord would be classed as an "efferent" impulse.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
The Central Nervous System is composed only of the brain and spinal cord; the cranial nerves are not included in the CNS.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 4

Questão
Dendrites differ from axons in that they are afferent extensions of neurons.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 5

Questão
The brain sits atop the spinal cord and is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 6

Questão
The five parts of the brain stem mediate and route signals between the Peripheral Nervous System and the spinal cord.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
The establishment of the right and left hemisphere preferences for different functions is an example of the principle of "localization"
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 8

Questão
The left cerebral hemisphere is dominant for all language functions.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 9

Questão
Broca's area, located in the left temporal lobe, is primarily associated with language comprehension.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
The Fissure of Sylvius delineates the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
Among other functions, the parietal lobe perceives and integrates perceptual information.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
Projection fibers connect the spinal cord and brainstem with cortical sensory and motor areas.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
The Peripheral Nervous System is bidirectional, carrying information both to and away from the Central Nervous System.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 14

Questão
The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into "sympathetic" and "parasympathetic" branches.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
The spinal nerves are part of the Central Nervous System.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 16

Questão
Damage or dysfunction of cranial nerve VIII can produce vertigo, dysequilibrium, nystagmus, and hearing loss.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
Apraxia of speech is a group of speech disorders that are directly related to paralysis or weakness of speech musculature.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 18

Questão
Spastic dysarthria results from bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons of the pyramidal tract (the motor cortex)
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Compensatory alterations of prosody including pauses, slow speech rate and inappropriate equalization of stress are primary characteristics of apraxia of speech.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
Prosodic abnormalities are secondary characteristics of apraxia of speech thought to be compensatory attempts to avoid articulatory errors.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Perceptual assessments have a number of inherent inadequacies that limit their value in diagnosis and in determining treatment priorities.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
Advantages of acoustic assessment of motor speech disorders include their ready arability and ease of implementation and interpretation as well as the fact that they can be implemented with little or no specialized equipment.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 23

Questão
Physiological assessment of motor speech disorders differs from perceptual and acoustic assessments in its use of a wide range of objective, physiological measures.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
After a stroke causes a neurogenic speech disorder, it is essential to wait for the central nervous system to recover physiologically before beginning rehabilitation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
Rehabilitation during the acute phase of recovery for motor speech disorders initially may consist of feeding and dysphagia treatment for both children and adults.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
Surgical and prosthetic approaches are the most common treatments for neurogenic motor speech disorders followed by behavioral treatment to teach the patient to use the prosthetics and accommodate to the surgical alterations.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
Stroke is the most common cause of adult aphasia and many of the risk factors for stroke now are controllable.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
The terms "hemiplegia" and "hemiparesis" are synonymous and are generally used interchangeably.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
Language function is located in the left cerebral hemisphere and it is therefore considered the brain's dominant hemisphere.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
"Nonfluent" aphasias typically are associated with damage located in the anterior portion of the brain, classically in "Broca's area"
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Common symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia include effortful articulation, telegraphic speech, impaired prosody, and apraxia of speech.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
Nonfluent aphasia syndrome include transcortical sensory aphasia, anomic aphasia, and conduction aphasia.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
Paraphasias involve word substitutions which may be sound-based (phonemic) or meaning-based (verbal)
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 34

Questão
In thrombotic strokes, arterial walls before weakened by the effects of high blood pressure or loss of elasticity in aging and burst, damaging brain tissue causing intense inflammation and swelling.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
People with aphasia often experience "catastrophic" reactions to frustration and this is especially true to those with severe global aphasia who are acutely aware of their limitations.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
For some months immediately after a stroke a patient's whole presenting syndrome may evolve into another, usually milder, form of aphasia.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
The first goal of evaluation in cases of aphasia is to determine if clinical intervention is feasible.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
The formality of the initial assessment in cases of aphasia is governed primarily by the gender, ethnicity and attitude of the patient.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
Melodic Intonation Therapy for aphasia attmenpts to recruit the undamaged hemisphere to take over functions normally performed by the damaged hemisphere. This is an example of a restorative treatment approach.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
A person is said to have “dementia” if any of the following conditions exist: memory impairment, cognitive impairment, problems in processing language, producing speech, or recognizing objects.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
A diagram showing the structure of the peripheral nervous system illustrates:
Responda
  • The physiology of speech.
  • Elements of PNS anatomy.
  • How the peripheral nervous system functions in speech production.
  • The cause of neurologically-based motor speech disorders.
  • None of the above.

Questão 42

Questão
As you read the neurologist’s report on a geriatric patient referred to you for voice problems associated with unilateral, right side vocal fold paralysis, you come across the phrase “PET scan results suggest dysfunction of spinal nerves innervating the dorsal side of the larynx.” This statement directly indicates:
Responda
  • The spinal nerves affected originate in the lumbar region.
  • It is likely that the problem lies in the Central Nervous System.
  • That damage is in the left cerebral hemisphere due to the principle of contralateral innervation.
  • It is the nerves controlling movement of structures on the rear side of the larynx that are affected
  • All of the above.

Questão 43

Questão
An otolaryngologist tells you that a client being referred to you cannot abduct her vocal folds. This means:
Responda
  • a. Her vocal folds are paralyzed.
  • b. She has laryngeal carcinoma.
  • c. She will have difficulty with voiced vs. voiceless consonant sound production.
  • Both answers a and c
  • None of the above

Questão 44

Questão
A neural impulse that travels from the motor cortex of the brain to activate muscle fibers used in speech is:
Responda
  • An afferent impulse
  • An abducted impulse
  • An adducted impulse
  • An efferent impulse
  • Part of a "sensory response feedback loop"

Questão 45

Questão
The Central Nervous System:
Responda
  • Is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
  • Includes the brain, spinal cord, and the cranial and spinal nerves.
  • Contains the Peripheral Nervous System as a subcomponent.
  • Is made up of 31 cranial and 12 spinal nerves.
  • None of the above.

Questão 46

Questão
This diagram depicts.
Image:
79d77f11-a224-49d7-8bc4-436ac3865d2a (image/png)
Responda
  • A neuron
  • Myelination
  • A synaptic cleft
  • An axon
  • None of the above

Questão 47

Questão
The shaded area is:
Image:
68476a40-d6bb-40f9-b60f-b8c6af2fde0c (image/png)
Responda
  • a. The Medulla Oblongata
  • b. The Cerebellum
  • c. The Peripheral Nervous System
  • d. The Brain Stem
  • both b and c

Questão 48

Questão
The brain stem includes:
Responda
  • The basal ganglia
  • The cranial nerves
  • The cerebellum
  • The spinal cord
  • The reticular formation

Questão 49

Questão
A person with damage to the left brain hemisphere may suffer right side, unilateral vocal fold dysfunction. This illustrates the principle of:
Responda
  • Lateralization.
  • Functional redundancy.
  • Hemispheric dominance.
  • Contralateral innervation
  • Localization

Questão 50

Questão
For left-handed persons, the left cerebral hemisphere:
Responda
  • May or may not be dominant for processing of language tasks
  • Is almost never the dominant hemisphere for language comprehension and expression.
  • Is always dominant for speech and language related processing tasks.
  • Has no function in processing language.
  • None of the above

Questão 51

Questão
After a car accident in which she sustained a significant blow to the left, frontal area of her head, an adult patient complains of problems producing speech sounds accurately.
Responda
  • a. She may well be malingering since a blow to that part of the brain would be more likely to cause problems with comprehension of language rather than with speech.
  • b. It is likely that Wernicke’s area has been damaged and you recommend a CT scan to confirm your diagnosis.
  • c. Diffuse damage to the parietal lobe is indicated.
  • d. You suspect Broca’s area may have sustained damage as a direct result of the impact.
  • e. Both answers b and c.

Questão 52

Questão
The Fissure of Rolando
Responda
  • Delineates the left are right cerebral hemispheres.
  • Defines the upper border of the temporal lobe.
  • Demarcates the occipital lobe.
  • Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
  • Separates the brain stem from the cerebellum.

Questão 53

Questão
Broca’s area
Responda
  • Is located in the left temporal lobe.
  • Is associated with coordination of speech movements
  • Perceives and integrates perceptual information.
  • In involved in comprehension of both oral and written language and in calculation for mathematics.
  • None of the above

Questão 54

Questão
The lobe of the brain most closely associated with both oral and written language comprehension is:
Responda
  • a. Occipital lobe
  • b. Parietal lobe.
  • c. Frontal lobe.
  • d. Temporal lobe
  • e. Both b and c.

Questão 55

Questão
Association fibers act to:
Responda
  • Connect corresponding areas in left and right hemispheres.
  • Connect the spinal cord and brain stem with cortical sensory and motor areas.
  • Connect cranial and spinal nerves.
  • Connect areas within a hemisphere
  • Connect the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Questão 56

Questão
Peripheral Nervous System nerves are composed of:
Responda
  • Cranial nerves
  • Dendrite clusters
  • Spinal nerves
  • Axon bundles
  • Projection fibers

Questão 57

Questão
The Autonomic Nervous System:
Responda
  • a. Directly controls speech, voice and fluency due to its function in regulating the motor cortex and Broca's area
  • b. Is composed of 31 spinal and 12 cranial nerves
  • c. Is subdivided into "sympathetic' and "parasympathetic" branches
  • all of the above
  • both answers a and c

Questão 58

Questão
The ventral root of spinal nerves
Responda
  • a. Is efferent, sending motor information from the Central Nervous System to the muscles
  • b. Conducts sensory information to the Central Nervous System from the muscles.
  • c. Is an afferent root.
  • d. Directly controls the laryngeal muscles and is essential to the regulation of phonation.
  • e. Answers b, c and d.

Questão 59

Questão
Bilateral trigeminal lesions may leave the elevators of the mandible too weak to approximate the mandible and maxilla. This is likely to profoundly effect:
Responda
  • a. The ability to produce labial and lingual consonants and vowels.
  • b. Overall speech intelligibility.
  • c. Control of laryngeal musculature and phonation.
  • d. All the above.
  • e. Both answers a and b.

Questão 60

Questão
A client who has flaccid dysarthria is likely to display:
Responda
  • Awareness of articulatory mistakes with attempts at self-correction.
  • No muscular weakness or paralysis.
  • Inconsistent speech errors.
  • Weakness in the speech and/or respiratory musculature
  • All of the above

Questão 61

Questão
A condition frequently associated with Parkinson’s Disease is:
Responda
  • Spastic dysarthria.
  • Flaccid dysarthria.
  • Developmental apraxia.
  • Hypokinetic dysarthria.
  • Apraxia of speech.

Questão 62

Questão
Primary features of apraxia of speech include:
Responda
  • Hypotonia of affected muscles.
  • Breathy, harsh voice quality, impaired breath support with reduction in phonation time and difficulty in initiating speech.
  • Compensatory alterations of prosody.
  • Slowing of speech rate with an abnormal evenness in stress and spacing of syllables and words in order to avoid or prevent articulatory errors.
  • Visible and audible groping to achieve correct articulatory postures and sequences of postures needed to produce sounds and words.

Questão 63

Questão
Secondary features of apraxia of speech include:
Responda
  • a. Compensatory alterations of prosody.
  • b. Visible and audible groping to achieve correct articulatory postures and sequences of postures needed to produce sounds and words.
  • c. Slowing of speech rate with an abnormal evenness in stress and spacing of syllables and words in order to avoid or prevent articulatory errors.
  • All of the above
  • Answers a and c only.

Questão 64

Questão
Major advantage(s) of perceptual assessment of dysarthric speech include:
Responda
  • Perceptual assessments assess the individual motor subsystems of the speech mechanism and define the underlying speech motor pathophysiology enabling development of optimal treatment programs.
  • Perceptual assessments highlight and quantify aspects of the speech signal that contribute to the perception of deviant speech.
  • Perceptual assessments provide objective documentation of the effects of treatment.
  • Perceptual assessments are readily available and do not require expensive equipment to implement
  • Perceptual assessments provide a three-dimensional display of voice frequency and amplitude as a function of time.

Questão 65

Questão
For the purpose of making an acoustic assessment of speech for a client with a motor speech disorder, spectrographic displays of data might be preferred over oscilloscopic displays because:
Responda
  • Spectrographic instrumentation is less expensive.
  • Oscilloscopic displays show only amplitude as a function of time while spectrographic displays show both frequency and amplitude
  • Spectrographic displays are more easily interpreted.
  • Data from spectrographic displays are objective while that from oscilloscopic displays are subjective.
  • All of the above

Questão 66

Questão
Potential advantage(s) of physiological assessment in comparison with perceptual assessment for motor speech disorders include:
Responda
  • a. Improved objectivity of measurement.
  • b. Greater power for determining and measuring the specific affected subsystems of the speech motor system.
  • c. The relative inexpensiveness of equipment needed to implement physiological assessment methods.
  • Answers a and b only
  • Answers b and c only

Questão 67

Questão
The overall goal of treatment programs for people with neurogenic speech disorders is:
Responda
  • To accurately measure the specific affected subsystems of the speech motor system.
  • To improve intelligibility
  • To begin treatment as early as possible.
  • To motivate the client.
  • To allow a period of mutism in the early recovery period.

Questão 68

Questão
When selecting a nonspeech communication system for use during the early phase of recovery for motor speech disorders, it’s most important to consider:
Responda
  • The client’s gender.
  • The type of medical insurance the client has.
  • The patient’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor ability level
  • How long its been since the precipitating event.
  • Preexisting bilingual background.

Questão 69

Questão
The most widely used treatment approach(es) for neurogenic motor speech disorders is (are):
Responda
  • Compensatory approach.
  • Pragmatic approach.
  • Biofeedback/instrumental approach.
  • Surgical and prosthetic approaches.
  • Behavioral approach.

Questão 70

Questão
Uncontrollable risk factor(s) for stroke, the most common cause of adult aphasia, include:
Responda
  • a. Ethnicity
  • b. Diabetes
  • c. Hypertension
  • all of the above
  • answers b and c only

Questão 71

Questão
A 54-year-old male client is referred to you for speech and language assessment. He was previously hospitalized after a sudden onset of total right-side paralysis and loss of speech. As you read the client’s file, you are NOT surprised to see:
Responda
  • a. Reference to a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere.
  • b. A notation that the client has “hemiparesis.”
  • c. A neurologist’s report detailing “thromboembolic stroke involving the left middle cerebral artery.
  • All of the above
  • Answers b and c only.

Questão 72

Questão
The right cerebral hemisphere:
Responda
  • When damaged, is commonly associated with aphasia.
  • Appears to be involved in language processing and function to a greater extent than was previously thought
  • Is the dominant hemisphere for language processing and function.
  • Is the nondominant cerebral hemisphere.
  • Has a subservient role and cognition and language processing compared to the left hemisphere.

Questão 73

Questão
Damage in the frontal lobe is most likely to produce:
Responda
  • a. Problems in articulation and motor programming.
  • b. Speech that is slow and labored.
  • c. Abnormalities in normal speech flow and intonation.
  • all of the above
  • Answers a and c only

Questão 74

Questão
“Fluent” aphasias include:
Responda
  • a. Broca’s aphasia.
  • b. Transcortical motor aphasia.
  • c. Wernicke’s aphasia.
  • Both b and c
  • None of the above

Questão 75

Questão
Transcortical motor aphasia differs from Broca’s aphasia in that
Responda
  • People with Broca’s aphasia have normal prosody and speech with relatively good language comprehension unlike transcortical motor aphasia.
  • Those with transcortical motor aphasia have better speech imitation skills than those of people with Broca’s aphasia but otherwise display similar symptoms
  • All language and speech functions are affected in transcortical motor aphasia, which is the most severe form of aphasia, unlike Broca’s aphasia which is the mildest form.
  • Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by word-finding difficulties (anomia) and fair to good language comprehension, while those with Broca’s aphasia display fluent but meaningless speech, impaired comprehension, and jargon.
  • None of the above

Questão 76

Questão
Verbal agnosia would be most likely to be associated with:
Responda
  • Occipital lobe dysfunction.
  • Damage or dysfunction in Broca’s area.
  • Motor speech disorders.
  • Disorders caused by traumatic injury to the Motor Cortex.
  • Damage or dysfunction in Wernicke’s area

Questão 77

Questão
Thrombotic strokes:
Responda
  • Result from bursting of arterial walls due to high blood pressure or loss of elasticity due to aging.
  • Cause fluent aphasias while embolic strokes cause nonfluent types.
  • Are the result of plaque buildup which restricts vessels and produces clots that block them entirely, cutting off blood to the area served
  • Are caused by rupture of sacular aneurysms which are blisterlike balloonings of arteries occurring at vessel branch points.
  • Are more common than any other type.

Questão 78

Questão
When a person experiences a stroke and associated aphasia:
Responda
  • a. Major problems for the nonaphasic spouse include lack of time alone, money, and dealing with the spouse’s dependency.
  • b. Communication difficulties are the most important problem other family members are likely to experience.
  • c. The nonaphasic spouse often begins to exhibit more concrete thinking, lose initiative, and becomes less inhibited.
  • All of the above
  • Answers b and c only.

Questão 79

Questão
During the period of spontaneous recovery, the presenting type of aphasia often evolves into a milder form. Such evolution into a milder form is most likely in cases of:
Responda
  • Conduction aphasia.
  • Global aphasia
  • Transcortical motor aphasia.
  • Broca’s aphasia.
  • Anomic aphasia.

Questão 80

Questão
The first goal of evaluation in cases of aphasia is to:
Responda
  • Determine if clinical intervention is feasible
  • Identify preexisting conditions that may have brought on the stroke.
  • Determine the type of aphasia.
  • Ascertain the likely period of spontaneous recovery.
  • Measure the severity of the condition.

Questão 81

Questão
Assessments made shortly after an aphasic patient’s stroke:
Responda
  • Are in-depth evaluations employing a variety of formal assessment measures.
  • Are less structured and reliant on bedside observations of the patient
  • Rely on a combination of informal and formal tests of language ability.
  • Are more likely to be valid measures than those made several months post-stroke.
  • Are not recommended.

Questão 82

Questão
You observe a therapy session in which an aphasic adult works together with his wife in simulated everyday requesting situations. The therapist encourages the client to use a variety of communication strategies including gestures and writing. The client is considered to have “succeeded” if his wife understands the message regardless of its form. This is an example of:
Responda
  • Promoting Aphasic Communication Effectiveness
  • Copying and Recalling Therapy.
  • Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy.
  • Melodic Intonation Therapy.
  • Visual Action Therapy.

Questão 83

Questão
In order to meet the American Psychiatric Association’s definition of “dementia:”
Responda
  • a. Both short and long-term memory must be impaired.
  • b. Cognitive impairments affecting abstract thought, judgment, and executive function should be present.
  • c. The patient displays symptoms of aphasia, apraxia, or agnosia.
  • All the above.
  • Answers a and c only.

Questão 84

Questão
Symptom(s) consistent with the presence of Broca’s aphasia include:
Responda
  • Effortful articulation, telegraphic speech, impaired prosody, apraxia of speech
  • All language and speech functions affected, verbal stereotypes, severe deficits in comprehension and production, most severe form of aphasia.
  • Word-finding difficulties (anomia), fair to good language comprehension.
  • Difficulty imitating modeled speech, normal prosody and speech, relatively good comprehension.
  • Fluent but meaningless speech, impaired comprehension, jargon, word-finding difficulty (anomia) good articulation and intonation.

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