80622
Descrição
Quiz por Sami-Jaine, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Sami-Jaine
mais de 11 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following are considered the "rules of direct causal association"
Responda
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not all patients with the type of cancer in question have to have previously been infected with the virus
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every cancer of this type carries the virus' genetic information in every malignant cell
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The virus itself, or individual virus genes can often "transform" the growth of normal cells in cell culture
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all patients with the type of cancer in question have previously infected with the virus
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the following contribute to the breakdown of tolerance?
Responda
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Failure to delete auto-reactive lymphocytes (peripheral and central tolerance failure)
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Molecular mimicry
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Abnormal presentation of self antigens
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Epitope spreading
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Polyclonal lymphocyte activation
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All of the above
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None of the above. This is a trick question.
Questão 3
Questão
Cigarette smoke is an irritant to the respiratory epithelium. It paralyses the sensitive cilia on the columnar cells and so the cells are (reversibly) replaced by the more robust squamous cells. This is an example of...
Responda
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metaplasia
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atrophy
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dysplasia
Questão 4
Questão
Dysplasia is the (reversible) state where a cell can change in which of the following ways...
Responda
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cell type
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size
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shape
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organisation
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colour
Questão 5
Questão
Dysplasia is considered...
Responda
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cancerous
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benign
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precancerous
Questão 6
Questão
Which of the following are true?
Responda
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Carcinomas are tumours of the epithelium
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Lymphomas, leukaemias and myelomas are haematological tumours
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Benign tumours can be fatal
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Sarcomas are tumours of muscle, cartilage, bone etc
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Benign tumours are still functional tissues
Questão 7
Questão
cancers arise in single cells. this makes them clonal in origin.
because all the cells in the cancer arose from the proliferation of this one cell, cancers are said to be
Responda
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monoclonal
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polyclonal
Questão 8
Questão
Is a malignant cell able to perform specialist tasks?
Responda
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Yes
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No
Questão 9
Questão
Distant growths originating from one tumour are called metastases?
Responda
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Yes
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No
Questão 10
Questão
Which of the following have an influence upon cancer development
Responda
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Geographical location
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Dietary fats, vitamins an fibres
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Smoking, sex hormones, age, family history
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