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Exam 1

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Chapters 1 & 2
Yuliya Klyashtof
Quiz por Yuliya Klyashtof, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Yuliya Klyashtof
Criado por Yuliya Klyashtof mais de 10 anos atrás
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Questão 1

Questão
Biology is ______________________.
Responda
  • Mostly a collection of facts that can be ordered and memorized
  • the study of living things
  • a separate branch of science from the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment
  • Both a) and b) are true

Questão 2

Questão
A buffer is a chemical that:
Responda
  • can quickly absorb H+ ions to keep a solution from becoming too acidic
  • can quickly release H+ ions to counteract any increases in the OH- concentration in a solution
  • Is identical to baking soda
  • restore the pH of a solution to 7.0
  • a) and b) are both true

Questão 3

Questão
Pure water and aqueous solutions that are neither acidic nor basic are said to be:
Responda
  • Buffers
  • Neutral
  • Translucent
  • Transparent
  • Alkaline

Questão 4

Questão
The nucleus of an atom is usually made up of:
Responda
  • protons, neutrons, and proteins that hold them together
  • Protons, which have positive electrical charge, and proteins, which hold them together
  • neutrons, which have no electrical charge
  • protons, that which a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge

Questão 5

Questão
A solution's acidity is:
Responda
  • a measure of its negative charge (the stronger the negative charge, the more acidic the substance)
  • a measure of the number of nucleotide bases in the solution
  • a measure of the amount of buffer molecules in the solution
  • a measure of the number of all dissolved molecules in a solution
  • a measure of the H+ (free floating protons) in it

Questão 6

Questão
The pH of a fluid is a measure of:
Responda
  • its capacity to function as a soap
  • how acidic or basic it is
  • the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in it
  • its enzymatic stability
  • the concentration of phosphate groups

Questão 7

Questão
Multiple atoms linked together are collectively called:
Responda
  • a molecule
  • an element
  • a reactant
  • a substance
  • an isotope

Questão 8

Questão
Helium is not a reactive molecule because:
Responda
  • its first-level shell is full with two protons
  • its second-level shell is full with two electrons
  • its first-level shell is full with two neutrons
  • its first-level shell is full with two electrons
  • Helium is a reactive molecule

Questão 9

Questão
Which of the following molecules is NOT formed by covalent bonding?
Responda
  • NaCl
  • H2
  • H2O
  • CH4
  • O2

Questão 10

Questão
All matter on earth, both living and nonliving, is made up of:
Responda
  • carbohydrates
  • atoms
  • DNA
  • cells
  • phospholipids

Questão 11

Questão
There are three principal types of bonds that hold multiple atoms together.
Responda
  • hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and glycosidic linkages
  • covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds
  • covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds
  • ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ester bonds
  • phosphate bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Questão 12

Questão
Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules?
Responda
  • disulfide bridges
  • ionic bonds
  • hydrogen bonds
  • covalent bonds
  • Van der waals bonds

Questão 13

Questão
An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing:
Responda
  • a neutron
  • an orbital shell
  • an electron
  • a proton
  • an isotope

Questão 14

Questão
______________________ is the smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance
Responda
  • an atom
  • a proton
  • a molecule
  • an amino acid
  • a cell

Questão 15

Questão
which five chemical elements make up 93-97% of the biomass in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria?
Responda
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorous
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, potassium

Questão 16

Questão
The number of protons in an element, also called its _____________, identifies the element.
Responda
  • nucleus
  • atomic number
  • ion
  • charge
  • atomic weight

Questão 17

Questão
Biology is to science as _______________ is to ____________________.
Responda
  • college baseball; professional baseball
  • basketball; sports
  • American soccer; European football
  • baseball; tennis
  • the home team; the visiting team

Questão 18

Questão
An element:
Responda
  • is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substance
  • is an atom that has lost a proton or an electron
  • must occur naturally on earth somewhere
  • is a component of an atom
  • All of the above are true

Questão 19

Questão
All of the following are elements of biological literacy EXCEPT:
Responda
  • the ability to communicate with others about issues having a biological component
  • the ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues having a biological component
  • the ability to integrate thoughts about issues having a biological component into your decision-making
  • the ability to write clearly and precisely about your observations, data gathering. and conclusions
  • all of the above are elements of biological literacy

Questão 20

Questão
Biological literacy is the ability to:
Responda
  • use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component
  • communicate ideas about biology to others
  • integrate ideas about biology into your decision making
  • all of the above are components of biological literacy
  • only b) and c) are components of biological literacy

Questão 21

Questão
Thinking scientifically relies on which of the following?
Responda
  • objective observation and experimentation
  • learning a list of facts
  • intuition
  • applying your preconceptions
  • statements from authorities

Questão 22

Questão
Which of the following terms and phrases best describes the application of scientific purposes?
Responda
  • deduction
  • technology
  • junk science
  • statistics
  • pseudoscience

Questão 23

Questão
Statistical methods make it possible to:
Responda
  • unambiguously learn the truth
  • choose the best answer to value-based questions
  • test non-falsifiable hypotheses
  • determine how likely it is that certain results may have occurred by chance
  • reject any hypothesis

Questão 24

Questão
The scientific method will never prove or disprove:
Responda
  • the existence of God
  • the beauty of Shakespeare's sonnets
  • the ability of echinacea to prevent the common cold
  • all of the above are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove
  • only a) and b) are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove

Questão 25

Questão
Scientific data:
Responda
  • must be collected in laboratories
  • cannot be collected in a completely unbiased way
  • are used to support or refute a hypothesis
  • are always true
  • all of the above are true

Questão 26

Questão
A scientific theory is one that:
Responda
  • is supported by many years of experimentation all supporting the hypothesis
  • is based on hunches with no actual supporting evidence
  • sounds the most plausible
  • is the result of all scientific experiments
  • changes each time a different observation is made

Questão 27

Questão
Despite all of the intellectual analyses the scientific method gives rise to and objective conclusions it makes possible, it CANNOT:
Responda
  • affect one's opinions about social issues
  • generate new hypothesis
  • reject false claims
  • aid in technical advances
  • generate moral statements

Questão 28

Questão
Carbohydrates:
Responda
  • act as a relatively quick available source of fuel
  • serve as carbon skeletons that can be rearranged to form other molecules that are essential for biological structures and functions like nucleic acids
  • in the form of oligosaccharides are often covalently bonded to proteins and lipids on the outer cell surface, where they serve as cell recognition signals
  • are a good source of sustained energy when they come in the form of polysaccharides
  • all of the above

Questão 29

Questão
The figure represents which class of chemical compounds?
Responda
  • fats
  • acids
  • sterols
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins

Questão 30

Questão
The secondary structure of a protein refers to:
Responda
  • the linear assembly of amino acids into a chain
  • the way two or more polypeptides bind to each other
  • the twisting of the amino acids chain into a corkscrew - like shape or into a zigzag folding pattern
  • the configuration of the folded protein when bounded to other proteins
  • none of the above is correct

Questão 31

Questão
Organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon are called:
Responda
  • carbohydrates
  • enantiomers
  • hydrocarbons
  • fats
  • hydroxyls

Questão 32

Questão
An unsaturated fatty acid in one in which:
Responda
  • carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain
  • not all of the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • there is an odd number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain
  • there is an even number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain
  • carbon-carbon double bounds are not present i the hydrocarbon chain

Questão 33

Questão
Glycogen belongs in the class of molecules known as:
Responda
  • amino acids
  • monosaccharides
  • proteins
  • polysaccharides
  • nucleic acids

Questão 34

Questão
Phospholipids assemble spontaneously into bilayers driven by the attraction of their "tail" portions to each other and of their "head" portions to each other. The tail regions are:
Responda
  • hydrophilic
  • cohesive
  • hydrophobic
  • molecularly charged
  • adhesive

Questão 35

Questão
If your hypothesis is rejected then,
Responda
  • you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing
  • you should change the level of statistical significance until your hypothesis is accepted
  • your experiment was poorly designed
  • your experiment was a success
  • your experiment was a failure

Questão 36

Questão
On food packages, "insoluble fiber" refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):
Responda
  • amino acid
  • carbohydrate
  • protein
  • lipid
  • nucleic acid

Questão 37

Questão
When conducting a scientific experiment, which of the following is tested?
Responda
  • a prediction
  • a result
  • a theory
  • a question
  • an observation

Questão 38

Questão
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disorder. Affected individuals have a defective enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. The substance these individuals cannot break down is a(n)
Responda
  • protein
  • carbohydrate
  • nucleic acid
  • lipid
  • amino acid

Questão 39

Questão
Lactose is a combination of:
Responda
  • glucose and ribose
  • sucrose and fructose
  • glucose and galactose
  • glucose and maltose
  • glucose and fructose

Questão 40

Questão
A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and _________________________, all linked together by covalent bonds.
Responda
  • a triglyceride
  • a polypeptide
  • a phosphorus-containing base
  • a potassium-containing base
  • a nitrogen-containing base

Questão 41

Questão
DNA is made of:
Responda
  • nucleotides
  • four interconnected carbon rings
  • amino acids
  • glucose molecules
  • fatty acids

Questão 42

Questão
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
Responda
  • enzymes are permanently changed when they take place in a chemical reaction
  • enzymes are proteins
  • enzymes speed up chemical reaction
  • enzymes often induce shape changes in the molecules to which they bind
  • enzymes help initiate chemical reations

Questão 43

Questão
One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by?
Responda
  • cytosine, replaced by guanine
  • guanine, replaced by cytosine
  • thymine, replaced by guanine
  • thymine, replaced by uracil
  • adenine, replaced by uracil

Questão 44

Questão
Enzymes:
Responda
  • catalyze reactions that release energy, but not those that consume energy
  • sometimes increase the amount of energy necessary to initiate a reaction
  • reduce the energy released by a reaction by one of four different mechanisms
  • are always consumed by catalyzing a reaction
  • increase the rate at which a reaction occurs

Questão 45

Questão
Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?
Responda
  • thymine and cytosine
  • adenine and guanine
  • adenine and cytosine
  • thymine and guanine
  • adenine and thymine

Questão 46

Questão
Which type of macromolecules is an informational molecule?
Responda
  • DNA
  • fatty acid
  • protein
  • polysaccharide
  • monosaccharide

Questão 47

Questão
An amino acid is to a polypeptide as:
Responda
  • testosterone is to a steroid hormone
  • a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
  • triglycerides are to fats
  • a phospholipid is to a plasma membrane
  • glycogen is to glucose

Questão 48

Questão
Scientific study always begins with:
Responda
  • hypotheses
  • experiments
  • conclusions
  • predictions
  • observations

Questão 49

Questão
In a well-designed experiment:
Responda
  • the prediction will be highly probable if the explanation is true
  • the prediction will be highly improbable if the explanation is not true
  • the null hypothesis will not be tested
  • the prediction will most likely be true
  • a) and b) are both correct

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