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What is the best definition of “digital media”?

The move from analog to digital media has meant that a single medium, such as the Internet, can deliver previously distinct forms of media content. What term best captures this shift?

Much of the initial funding for the Internet came from the government, particularly the Department of Defense.

Who invented the world wide web, a user-friendly network interface that uses hypertext?

Which of the following is not a concern that theorists have expressed about the rise of the Internet in our media environment?

The media theory that argued for the direct and immediate influence of media was:

The two-step flow model of communication asserts that mass media messages flow from _________________ to __________________.

Which of the following statements is not consistent with the Minimal or Limited Effects Model of media influence?

Research showing that the issues the media focus on in an election year are very similar to the issues that undecided voters say are important to them supports the theory of agenda-setting.

How does cultivation theory challenge the minimal or limited effects model of media influence?

Which of the following statements is not an aspect of Social Learning Theory?

Social learning theory is a purely behavioral theory. That is, it predicts how people learn behaviors, but not their thoughts, beliefs, or knowledge.

What we do mean when we say that people have become desensitized to violence by the media?

What form(s) of evidence supports the claim that people sometimes learn to act aggressively from media violence? **UNSURE**

An example of how media influence is not “direct” but is often mediated by other individual and societal factors is the UNESCO study (discussed by Nancy Signorielli) that found that aggressive people, especially those who live in societies with high levels of aggression, use violent media content to reinforce their beliefs that violence and aggression are acceptable and even a good way to solve problems.

Which of the following is the best definition of ideology? ****UNSURE

Ideological analysts of media mainly focus on:

Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony which is commonly used by ideological analysts today. He argued that elites largely rule contemporary societies through _______________ rather than by force, and that the production of ____________________ is key to this strategy

How does media theorist Stuart Hall explain the concept of “media representation”?

According to our textbook, why was there such a proliferation of Vietnam movies in the 1980s in the United States?

Ella Taylor’s analysis of changing images of the family over time on television illustrate which of the following insights from ideological analysis?

Nearly all social scientists recognize that “race” is a:

Up through the 1950s, portrayals of African Americans in films and on TV:

In his study of local news coverage, Entman argues that “modern racism” is:

As the size of the Latino population in the United States has grown rapidly, the inclusion of Latino characters on television has grown at a similar rate.

Unlike other racial and ethnic minorities, Asian-Americans generally feel that their representation in mainstream media is positive.

Using the textbook terms of structure and agency, activists representing various identity groups have used their agency to change existing structures by protesting existing media representations and promoting alternatives.

The time period when gay and lesbian characters were no longer just ignored, ridiculed, or demonized in mainstream media, but began appearing in more serious and realistic media portrayals was the:

Why was Ellen DeGeneres’ “coming out” on her show Ellen in 1997 considered a milestone in the representation of gay and lesbian people?

In general, cable television, and particularly pay cable channels like Showtime and HBO, have been more inclusive and at the forefront of featuring gay, lesbian, and bisexual characters in their programming. ****UNSURE