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Developmental Psychology

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Degree Psychology Quiz sobre Developmental Psychology, criado por Ben Armstrong em 26-04-2017.
Ben Armstrong
Quiz por Ben Armstrong, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Ben Armstrong
Criado por Ben Armstrong aproximadamente 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is
Responda
  • that informed consent is not necessary.
  • its ability to discern amongst cohorts.
  • that it follows development of individuals.
  • that it protects from selective attrition.

Questão 2

Questão
The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied
Responda
  • experimentally.
  • cross-sectionally.
  • longitudinally
  • speculatively

Questão 3

Questão
Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?
Responda
  • muscle tone
  • heart rate
  • reflex irritability
  • attention span

Questão 4

Questão
In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of
Responda
  • the increasing rate of single parenthood
  • the perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water
  • better maternal nutrition
  • advances in medical technology

Questão 5

Questão
Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.
Responda
  • PRIMATE / HUMAN
  • POSITIVE / NEGATIVE
  • FATHER / MOTHER
  • MILD / INTENSE

Questão 6

Questão
When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they
Responda
  • are unreliable and inaccurate
  • do better with negative emotions than with positive
  • do better with positive emotions than with negative
  • are highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion

Questão 7

Questão
"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to
Responda
  • categorise people or animals as good or bad
  • use the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation
  • hide one's own true inner feelings
  • understand that others' feelings differ from your own

Questão 8

Questão
Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?
Responda
  • habituation / dishabituation
  • high-amplitude sucking
  • deferred imitation
  • evoked potentials

Questão 9

Questão
Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?
Responda
  • very smudged eye shadow
  • a big bruise on mum’s nose
  • a piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin
  • a crow’s nest in mum’s hair

Questão 10

Questão
As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?
Responda
  • passively waiting for an object to reappear
  • anticipating invisible displacements
  • making an A-not-B error
  • looking at another toy as the first one disappears from view

Questão 11

Questão
Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing
Responda
  • egocentrism
  • decentered emotionality
  • sympathetic empathetic concern
  • animism

Questão 12

Questão
Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .
Responda
  • egocentrism / other’s viewpoint
  • adolescence / childhood
  • flexibility / rigidity
  • solitary / social

Questão 13

Questão
For Vygotsky, private speech is
Responda
  • meaningless babbling
  • entirely silent and cannot be heard by others
  • passive reporting on thoughts after they have happened
  • self-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts

Questão 14

Questão
A basic definition of imitation is
Responda
  • doing an action after seeing it done
  • repeating an action after getting reinforcement
  • varying a response to achieve reinforcement
  • repeating an action

Questão 15

Questão
Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an
Responda
  • ability to copy actions
  • ability to copy a variety of actions
  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions
  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement

Questão 16

Questão
A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him
Responda
  • look to find a cat
  • try to pet the cat
  • neither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’
  • both look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’

Questão 17

Questão
The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is
Responda
  • interest, distress, disgust, and contentment
  • anger, surprise, fear, and sadness
  • embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride
  • joy, happiness, frustration, and boredom

Questão 18

Questão
Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would
Responda
  • be unusual in a child at that age
  • be evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached
  • be considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)
  • simply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry

Questão 19

Questão
Emotional attachments between parent and child
Responda
  • are the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries
  • slowly rise from social interactions in the first months
  • emerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level
  • result from both persons' shared genetic relationship

Questão 20

Questão
Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”
Responda
  • identifies the child's level of visual imagination
  • provides training for the transition into foster care
  • measures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items
  • assesses the child's attachment style

Questão 21

Questão
The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for
Responda
  • easy temperament
  • familiarity
  • social referencing
  • learned helplessness

Questão 22

Questão
Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs
Responda
  • is doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined
  • works and promotes secure attachment
  • is directed mainly to upper income parents
  • yields temporary gains that are lost within weeks

Questão 23

Questão
Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling
Responda
  • self-oriented distress
  • sympathetic empathetic arousal
  • a hostile attribution bias
  • learned helplessness

Questão 24

Questão
Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain
Responda
  • an online game training emotion recognition
  • classroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders
  • psychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable
  • parental educational materials

Questão 25

Questão
Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by
Responda
  • parents
  • researchers
  • children
  • teachers

Questão 26

Questão
A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:
Responda
  • Reliable
  • Proven
  • Valid
  • None of the above

Questão 27

Questão
A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?
Responda
  • Children will get bored with this and underperform
  • Results will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions
  • Results may not generalise to other children
  • All of the answers

Questão 28

Questão
A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.
Responda
  • Data are not valid or reliable
  • Data are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds
  • Data cannot tell us about the development of individual children
  • All of the answers

Questão 29

Questão
You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face. You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say
Responda
  • meow
  • bark
  • can do either as he chooses
  • neither

Questão 30

Questão
Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:
Responda
  • child's social relations with others such as peers
  • inheritance of developmental disability
  • inheritance of behavioral habits
  • development of knowledge

Questão 31

Questão
In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:
Responda
  • tertiary circular reaction
  • phylogenetic scaffolding
  • early constructivism
  • cognitive equilibrium

Questão 32

Questão
Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?
Responda
  • Formal operations stage
  • Preoperational stage
  • Proximal zone stage
  • Sensorimotor stage

Questão 33

Questão
Object permanence refers to the understanding that:
Responda
  • durable toys are preferred over those that break soon
  • existence continues even when something is out of sight
  • inanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively
  • lost objects will always be located later

Questão 34

Questão
Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:
Responda
  • a phylogenetic development
  • assimilation and accommodation
  • lack of object (person) permanence
  • misunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction

Questão 35

Questão
Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:
Responda
  • animism
  • assimilation
  • accommodation
  • tertiary circular reaction

Questão 36

Questão
Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:
Responda
  • sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
  • preoperational stage of cognitive development.
  • concrete-operational stage of development.
  • formal-operational stage of development.

Questão 37

Questão
Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:
Responda
  • unusual for boys but common for girls
  • unusual for girls but common for boys
  • fairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development
  • fairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.

Questão 38

Questão
A toddler is most likely to remember:
Responda
  • A very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo
  • A very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum
  • Only the events that are highly emotionally significant.
  • Nothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age

Questão 39

Questão
If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):
Responda
  • device for inner experimentation
  • tool of intellectual adaptation
  • zone of proximal development
  • electronic scaffold

Questão 40

Questão
Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?
Responda
  • Cooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful
  • Variations in cultural influences are acknowledged
  • Developmental universals are sought and identified
  • Scaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks

Questão 41

Questão
In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?
Responda
  • Deliberately ignore the red spot
  • Stare at the red spot
  • Touch their nose / wipe the red spot
  • Interact with the mirror (kissing or touching it)

Questão 42

Questão
When do you think most children start to learn their native language?
Responda
  • When they are about 12 month old
  • When they are about 6 months old
  • Soon after birth
  • Before they are born

Questão 43

Questão
Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?
Responda
  • Authoritative (high D/C and high A/R)
  • Authoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)
  • Permissive (Low D/C and high A/R)
  • Uninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)

Questão 44

Questão
15-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:
Responda
  • Authoritative parenting style
  • Permissive parenting style
  • Uninvolved parenting style
  • Either permissive or uninvolved

Questão 45

Questão
Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:
Responda
  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.
  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.
  • Aphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament
  • Normal

Questão 46

Questão
Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?
Responda
  • Hostile
  • Instrumental
  • Relational
  • Bullying

Questão 47

Questão
Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?
Responda
  • Hostile
  • Instrumental
  • Relational
  • Bullying

Questão 48

Questão
Young infants prefer __________________ .
Responda
  • good deeds and actors
  • aggression
  • bullying
  • Negative emotions

Questão 49

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?
Responda
  • Sensation
  • Belief in religion
  • memory
  • attention

Questão 50

Questão
What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?
Responda
  • The prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools
  • The informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies
  • When a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour
  • None of the answers given

Questão 51

Questão
Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?
Responda
  • Children are not always egocentric
  • Animalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others
  • Conservation tasks are solved after training
  • children struggle with appearance/reality distinction

Questão 52

Questão
For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?
Responda
  • Yes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.
  • No, there is no such thing as sensitive period.
  • It may be helpful but it is not necessary.
  • It may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.

Questão 53

Questão
Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…
Responda
  • Biological predisposition and maturation
  • Early operant learning in social situations
  • Cognitive development
  • There is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.

Questão 54

Questão
Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?
Responda
  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Syntax
  • Cosmology

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