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PSY1011 Exam

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Audrey Anderson
Quiz por Audrey Anderson, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Audrey Anderson
Criado por Audrey Anderson aproximadamente 7 anos atrás
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Questão 1

Questão
The "aha!" experience is known as ________.
Responda
  • latent learning
  • insight learning
  • cognitive restructuting
  • S-O-R learning

Questão 2

Questão
Which of the following statements regarding conditioned taste aversions is true?
Responda
  • The delay between the CS and UCS in a conditioned tasted aversion can be as long as six or even eight hours.
  • Conditioned taste aversions tend to be remarkably general, where an entire type of food will be found distasteful even after only one specific food causes an illness.
  • Conditioned taste aversions can be induced in human beings, but not in lower animals.
  • Repeated pairings between the CS and UCS are needed in order to establish a conditioned taste aversion.

Questão 3

Questão
The research into the usefulness of considering an individual's learning style has found which of the following?
Responda
  • The visual learning style is most predictive of academic success.
  • People who have kinesthetic learning styles are less likely to do well in a classroom than people with visual or auditory learning styles.
  • Certain teaching approaches tend to be the most effective irrespective of individual learning styles.
  • People who have a read/write learning style tend to have higher "analytic intelligence", which in turn predicts more academic success at the college level.

Questão 4

Questão
Studies of latent learning emphasise the importance of ________ on learning.
Responda
  • experience
  • reinforcement
  • punishment
  • cognitive processes

Questão 5

Questão
You wake up at 3.00 am craving a glass of water. You get out of bed and walk to the kitchen but you do not turn on the light. Your ability to successfully navigate the house in the dark is due to the presence of ________.
Responda
  • insight learning
  • vicarious learning
  • a cognitive map
  • sleep learning

Questão 6

Questão
Which type of neuron becomes active when we engage in observational learning?
Responda
  • mirror neuron
  • receiving neuron
  • motor neuron
  • sensory neuron

Questão 7

Questão
Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?
Responda
  • Seligman
  • Bandura
  • Tolman
  • Kohler

Questão 8

Questão
Which of the following terms refers to the fact that animals and human beings may be evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli that threaten their survival?
Responda
  • preparedness
  • construct survival
  • emotional aversions
  • instinctive drift

Questão 9

Questão
What does SALTT stand for?
Responda
  • Symbiotic Approach to Learning Tactile Techniques
  • Suggestive Accelerative Learning and Teaching Techniques
  • Supplemental Administrative Learning and Teaching Tools
  • Shared Authority for Learning Times Tables

Questão 10

Questão
Sarah has recently learned that the sun does not go up and down each day, but that it is the Earth that moves. The fact that Sarah visualises the Earth moving up and down next to the sun each day (rather than orbiting the sun on its axis) demonstrates which Piagetian developmental task?
Responda
  • conservation
  • accomodation
  • assimilation
  • equilibriation

Questão 11

Questão
Julie is expected to cut the lawn weekly. Her parents only give her money once in a while after she cuts the lawn. Julie is being conditioned using a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
Responda
  • partial
  • variable ratio
  • fixed ratio
  • continuous

Questão 12

Questão
In S-O-R learning, what does the "O" stand for?
Responda
  • observation
  • organism
  • obfuscation
  • operant

Questão 13

Questão
________ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs.
Responda
  • John Watson
  • Albert Bandura
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • B. F. Skinner

Questão 14

Questão
Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS—UCS linkage was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of ________.
Responda
  • generalisation
  • operant conditioning
  • higher-order conditioning
  • neoclassical conditioning

Questão 15

Questão
A reinforcer is a consequence that ________ a behaviour, while a punisher is a consequence that ________ a behaviour.
Responda
  • strengthens; weakens
  • inhibits; motivates
  • weakens; strengthens
  • motivates; stimulates

Questão 16

Questão
An animal trainer is trying to teach a lion to perform tricks for circus. First the lion is given food if he sits quietly on a chair. Next the lion is given food if he raises one paw. Finally the lion is given even more food if he gives the trainer a "high-five". In this example, the lion is being trained by ________.
Responda
  • negative reinforcement
  • shaping
  • punishment
  • generalisation

Questão 17

Questão
The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behaviour is called ________.
Responda
  • discovery learning
  • effective based learning
  • operant conditioning
  • classical conditioning

Questão 18

Questão
Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats, but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence, Albert may learn to fear the rats. In this example, white rats would be the
Responda
  • CR
  • UCR
  • UCS
  • CS

Questão 19

Questão
Which of the following is true concerning intermittent schedules of reinforcement?
Responda
  • All combinations of intermittent schedules yield similar rates of responding.
  • Interval schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to ratio schedules.
  • Ratio schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to interval schedules.
  • Fixed schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to variable schedules.

Questão 20

Questão
Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?
Responda
  • The conditioned response is a reflex.
  • The conditioned response is an instinctual behaviour.
  • The conditioned response is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
  • The conditioned response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus.

Questão 21

Questão
What method of personality assessment is considered the most controversial in psychology today?
Responda
  • Structured personality tests
  • Projective tests
  • Polygraph tests
  • Graphology

Questão 22

Questão
One concern with the use of structured personality tests, like the MMPI, is that certain questions do not appear to be relevant to the psychological dimensions they supposedly measure. A psychologist would say such questions have a low degree of ________.
Responda
  • face validity
  • internal consistency reliability
  • content validity
  • inter-rater reliability

Questão 23

Questão
According to your textbook, criminal profilers are
Responda
  • no more accurate and insightful than college students with no training in criminology.
  • more accurate and insightful than college students, but not any more accurate than clinical psychologists in their judgements.
  • much more accurate and insightful than college students with no training in criminology.
  • less accurate and insightful than both college students and clinical psychologists in their judgements.

Questão 24

Questão
The Luscher Colour Test, a popular projective test, is
Responda
  • not useful at all for assessing personalities.
  • actually harmful to those who take it.
  • useful for predicting future behaviours.
  • useful for predicting personality traits.

Questão 25

Questão
Tests consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret are called ________.
Responda
  • structured personality tests
  • face validity
  • projective tests
  • Rorschach tests

Questão 26

Questão
The ________ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.
Responda
  • TAT
  • NEO
  • Rorschach
  • MMPI

Questão 27

Questão
Many people believe in the validity of activities like palmistry, tarot card reading, and astrology. The evidence to support the usefulness of these activities as anything other than entertainment is virtually non-existent. This reminds you to consider which principle of critical thinking the next time you are at a carnival with a mind reader or a fortune teller?
Responda
  • replicability
  • extraordinary claims
  • falsifiability
  • ruling out rival hypotheses

Questão 28

Questão
When Kate read her horoscope for the day, she was amazed to find that it described her very well. She is probably a victim of
Responda
  • self-actualisation.
  • social desirability bias.
  • mental set bias.
  • the P.T. Barnum effect.

Questão 29

Questão
Quentin is suffering from a disorder that causes him to have problems recognising everyday objects. The other day he was looking at a wine glass and couldn't come up with its name. He said to his wife, "I want one of those things that you hold the wine in", but try as he did, he could not find the word "glass". This demonstrates a form of visual ________.
Responda
  • aphasia
  • ataxia
  • apraxia
  • agnosia

Questão 30

Questão
According to the opponent process theory of colour vision, the correct pairings of opposite colours are ________.
Responda
  • black versus white, red versus green, and blue versus yellow
  • greyscales, blue versus red, and green versus yellow
  • black versus gray and white versus coloured
  • blue versus green and red versus yellow

Questão 31

Questão
Brightness refers to the intensity of light. The corresponding term when discussing sound is
Responda
  • hue
  • pitch
  • loudness
  • timbre

Questão 32

Questão
The bony, spiral-shaped sense organ used for hearing is the
Responda
  • pinna
  • basilar membrane
  • timbre
  • cochlea

Questão 33

Questão
The part of the ear we see is called the
Responda
  • pinna
  • ossicle
  • tympanic membrane
  • cochlea

Questão 34

Questão
One theory of pitch perception is the ________ theory, which suggests that the rate at which neurons in the ear fire produces different pitches. This theory is particularly effective at explaining humans' perception of lower pitches.
Responda
  • place
  • opponent-process
  • frequency
  • volley

Questão 35

Questão
A whistle that gives a sound so high that it can only be heard by dogs, but not humans, exploits which aspect of the auditory system?
Responda
  • decibels
  • timbre
  • pitch
  • loudness

Questão 36

Questão
Pete has played lead guitar in a rock band for years. He would often turn the volume on his guitar up loud and spend a great deal of time in front of the speakers during the shows. His resulting hearing loss over the past few years is most likely the result of
Responda
  • noise-induced hearing loss
  • nerve deafness
  • tinnitus
  • conductive deafness

Questão 37

Questão
The complexity or quality of sound that makes instruments, voices, and other sources of sound unique is called
Responda
  • acuity
  • audition
  • wavelength
  • timbre

Questão 38

Questão
Research exploring infantile temperament has found that there are generally three different temperaments. They are
Responda
  • secure, insecure, and disorganised.
  • anxious, responsive, and relaxed.
  • easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up.
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, and operational.

Questão 39

Questão
According to Kohlberg, behaviour motivated by the avoidance of punishment and the gaining of rewards represents ________ morality.
Responda
  • formal conventional
  • conventional
  • preconventional
  • postconventional

Questão 40

Questão
Young Jamal is asked whether it is right for a police officer to give a speeding ticket to a man who is driving his daughter to the hospital after a serious injury that left her with several broken bones. Which of the following answers would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral reasoning in Jamal?
Responda
  • "Speeding is breaking the rules, and when you break the rules, you deserve to be punished."
  • "Everyone speeds and he has a good reason, so he shouldn't get a ticket."
  • "He broke the rules. He should get a ticket, but should have to pay less than someone who was speeding for no good reason."
  • "The man was trying to get his daughter to help, and he wasn't hurting anyone. As long as he doesn't normally speed, he should be let off with a warning."

Questão 41

Questão
Sixteen-year old Brenda's parents are political conservatives, while she identifies more with liberal political views. When asked her political orientation, Brenda seems uncertain and does not respond. Brenda is dealing with the ________ crisis.
Responda
  • industry versus inferiority
  • identity versus role confusion
  • ego integrity versus despair
  • autonomy versus shame and doubt

Questão 42

Questão
Bertram is a surly child who can't bear to be alone, yet he has few friends because he has little self-control. Even the children he prefers to be with, who are much younger than he is, get frustrated with his impulsiveness. His parents are probably of the ________ type.
Responda
  • authoritarian
  • permissive
  • authoritative
  • uninvolved

Questão 43

Questão
An individual's ability to handle their given roles in society is called their ________ age, and it may be a better indicator of that person's readiness to retire from work then chronological age.
Responda
  • social
  • biological
  • functional
  • psychological

Questão 44

Questão
Which one of the following children would most likely be described as "independent"?
Responda
  • Jeremiah, who has a disorganised attachment to his mother
  • James, who has an insecure-avoidant attachment to his mother
  • Jerome, who has a secure attachment to his mother
  • Jesse, who has an insecure-anxious attachment to his mother

Questão 45

Questão
Which of the following is not one of the dimensions of the Big Five?
Responda
  • extraversion
  • sociability
  • openness to experience
  • conscientiousness

Questão 46

Questão
Jayne is a 26-month-old toddler. She is most likely in the ________ stage.
Responda
  • anal
  • genital
  • oral
  • phallic

Questão 47

Questão
Most of the neo-Freudians agreed with Freud's ideas on
Responda
  • the unconscious influences on behaviour.
  • our inborn, basic destructive impulses.
  • the important roles of sexuality and aggression in personality development.
  • the importance of later adult experiences influencing personality development.

Questão 48

Questão
According to the humanists, a core motive in human personality development was
Responda
  • resolving internal motivational conflict.
  • self-actualisation
  • conditional acceptance.
  • achieving desired behavioural contingencies.

Questão 49

Questão
Justin is working on his psychology assignment for class when he gets a phone call inviting him to a party. His decision to finish the assignment before going to the party reflects the functioning of the ________.
Responda
  • conscious
  • id
  • superego
  • ego

Questão 50

Questão
The role of reciprocal determinism was highlighted by the ________.
Responda
  • social learning theorists
  • trait theorists
  • behaviourists
  • humanists

Questão 51

Questão
A ________ is a specialised cell responsible for converting external stimuli into neural activity for a specific sensory system.
Responda
  • selective attention
  • sense receptor
  • cell sensor
  • sensory adaptation

Questão 52

Questão
Jordan and her friends are in the front row for a rock concert. During the concert, the lead singer moves all around the stage but Jordan continues to perceive him as the same height even though the image received in her eye and brain constantly changes. This illustrates which type of perceptual constancy?
Responda
  • Location constancy
  • Size constancy
  • Shape constancy
  • Colour constancy

Questão 53

Questão
Which of the following is the best example of the signal-to-noise ratio?
Responda
  • Bobby is shouting at the neighbour's dog that is digging up his yard.
  • Robyn has to shout over the boisterous crowd at the football game to be heard
  • While listening to the television, Kate is also reading her textbook.
  • Lisa has to listen very carefully to hear her friend talking in the car.

Questão 54

Questão
Jan can see objects well up close, but they appear blurry from afar. She is probably
Responda
  • farsighted
  • developing a cataract
  • colour blind
  • nearsighted

Questão 55

Questão
A blind spot is a part of the visual field we can't see, where the ________ connects to the ________.
Responda
  • optic nerve; sclera
  • cornea; iris
  • optic nerve; retina
  • retina; pupil

Questão 56

Questão
When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ________.
Responda
  • divergence
  • interposition
  • convergence
  • binocular disparity

Questão 57

Questão
As the number of people talking in a room increases, the stimulus intensity needed to detect a change in the number of people talking becomes
Responda
  • same
  • finer
  • greater
  • smaller

Questão 58

Questão
The white part of the eye is the
Responda
  • sclera
  • retina
  • fovea
  • pupil

Questão 59

Questão
Stanton is taking chemistry with Ms Neville and has heard many negative stories about her class from his friends. The fact that his beliefs about Ms Neville affect his interpretation of his interactions with her during the school year is an example of
Responda
  • top-down processing
  • subliminal processing.
  • parallel processing.
  • bottom-up processing.

Questão 60

Questão
Functionalism seeks to explain
Responda
  • The building blocks of psychological experience
  • What people are thinking as they complete various tasks
  • The evolutionary advantages certain behaviours can provide
  • How physical advantages further evolution

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