9775899
Descrição
Quiz por Sharlotte Whiteley, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Sharlotte Whiteley
mais de 7 anos atrás
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|
Questão 1
Questão
All of the following represent examples of nonspecific immunity except:
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species resistance
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phagocytosis
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cell-mediated immunity
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mechanical and chemical barriers
Questão 2
Questão
The body's first line(s) of defense is(are) the:
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skin
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mucous membranes
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inflammatory response
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all except inflammatory response
Questão 3
Questão
Inflammation mediators include:
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histamine
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kinins
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prostoglandins
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all of the above
Questão 4
Questão
The most numerous type of phagocyte is the:
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neutrophil
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histocyte
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microglia
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Kupffer cell
Questão 5
Questão
The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as "not self" is called:
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nonspecific immunity
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specific immunity
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autoimmune
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none of the above
Questão 6
Questão
All of the following are major types of interferon except_________interferon.
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cartilage
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leukocyte
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immune
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fibroblast
Questão 7
Questão
B cell mechanisms are classified as ________immunity.
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nonspecific
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antibody-mediated
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cell-mediated
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Both A and B are correct
Questão 8
Questão
Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called:
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antigens
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plasma proteins
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antibodies
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prostaglandins
Questão 9
Questão
Memory Cells:
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immediately secrete antibodies when they are formed
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are supporting cells and are not related to antibody production.
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are a special type of T cell.
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become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen
Questão 10
Questão
The constant region of the light chain in an antibody consists of ______amino acids.
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50
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77
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106
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168
Questão 11
Questão
An immunoglobulin, or antibody molecule, consists of ___heavy and ___ light polypeptide chains.
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two:two
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four:two
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two:four
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four:four
Questão 12
Questão
The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is:
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IgE
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IgG
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IgM
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IgA
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following does not describe phagocytosis?
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The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
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Part of the inflammatory response
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A major component of the body's third line of defense
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A nonspecific defense
Questão 14
Questão
The antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen is:
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IgE
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IgG
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IgM
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IgA
Questão 15
Questão
The antibody commonly found in tears and saliva
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IgE
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IgD
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IgM
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IgA
Questão 16
Questão
The function of which antibody is basically unknown?
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IgE
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IgD
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IgM
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IgA
Questão 17
Questão
The antibody associated with allergic reaction is:
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IgE
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IgG
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IgM
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IgA
Questão 18
Questão
The major class of antibody present in the mucous membranes of the body is:
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IgG
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IgE
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IgA
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IgD
Questão 19
Questão
The predominant antibody of a secondary response is:
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IgE
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IgG
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IgM
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IgA
Questão 20
Questão
The most abundant circulating antibody, the one that normally makes up about 75% of all the antibodies in the blood, is:
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IgG
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IgA
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IgE
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IgM
Questão 21
Questão
Complement can best be described as a(n):
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enzyme in blood
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lymphokine
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antibody
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hormone
Questão 22
Questão
The complement system can be activated by:
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the binding of complement protein 1 to the complement-binding site on the antibody molecule.
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the binding of complement protein 3 to bacteria or viruses in the presence of properdin
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nonspecific immune mechanisms
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all of the above
Questão 23
Questão
The complement system can be activated by:
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the chemicals secreted by the lymphocytes
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the proximity of the lymphocytes to the antigens.
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the shapes of receptors on the lymphocyte's plasma membrane
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producing toxins.
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following can activate complement?
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T Cells
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Interferon
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Properdin
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Lymphokin
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following is true of lymphokines?
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They are produced by B cells.
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They inhibit macrophage activity
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Lymphotoxin is an example of a lymphokine
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They are produced by helper T cells
Questão 26
Questão
Specific immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called:
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antigens and antibodies
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T cells and B cells
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red blood cells and white blood cells
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agglutinogens and agglutinins
Questão 27
Questão
Which of the following can activate, or turn on, an inactive B cell?
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Binding to its specific antibody
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Binding to its specific antigen
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Helper T Cell
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All B cells are activated when an infant is born
Questão 28
Questão
The part of the antibody that combines with the antigen is the:
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variable region
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constant region
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carbohydrate chain
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complement-binding site
Questão 29
Questão
The chemical messengers that T cells release into inflamed tissues are called:
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pathogens
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lymphokines
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lymphotoxins
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suppressor cells
Questão 30
Questão
The type of immunity produced by vaccination would be ______immunity.
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active natural
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passive natural
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active artificial
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passive artificial
Questão 31
Questão
When a child develops measles and acquires immunity to a subsequent infection, this type of immunity is called______immunity.
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acquired
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natural
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active
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All of above are correct
Questão 32
Questão
Interferon inhibits the spread of:
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viruses
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bacteria
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cancer
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yeast
Questão 33
Questão
Examples of lymphocytes are:
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B cells
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T cells
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Both A and B
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none of the above
Questão 34
Questão
Macrophages sensitize:
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T cells
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B cells
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T cells and B cells
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None of the above
Questão 35
Questão
Which type of cells is not involved in nonspecific immunity?
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Monocytes
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Lymphocytes
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Neutrophils
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Macrophages
Questão 36
Questão
Which of the following is not a chemical used as a chemical barrier to pathogens?
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Hydrochloric Acid
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sebum
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complement
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Hydrolyzing enzymes
Questão 37
Questão
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
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Heat
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Redness
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Swelling
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All of the above are characteristics of inflammation
Questão 38
Questão
Which antibody has 10 antigen-binding sites?
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IgM
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IgA
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IgD
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IgG
Questão 39
Questão
Which antibody had four antigen-binding sites?
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IgM
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IgA
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IgD
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IgG
Questão 40
Questão
Which antibody has two antigen-binding sites?
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IgM
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IgA
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IgG
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Both A and B
Questão 41
Questão
Which of the following is not caused by complement protein activity?
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Vasodilation
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Agglutination of antigens
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Cytolysis
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All of the above are caused by complement protein activity
Questão 42
Questão
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells is called:
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innate immunity
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nonspecific immunity
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self-tolerance
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adaptive immunity
Questão 43
Questão
Adaptive immunity is also called ______immunity
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innate
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specific
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nonspecific
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species
Questão 44
Questão
Which substance produced by the skin contains pathogens-inhibiting agents?
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Hydrochloric acid
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Mucus
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Enzymes
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Sebum
Questão 45
Questão
Which substance can destroy pathogens by chemically hydrolyzing them?
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Hydrochloric acid
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Mucus
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Enzymes
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Sebum
Questão 46
Questão
Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function?
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Hydrochloric acid
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Mucus
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Enzymes
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Sebum
Questão 47
Questão
Which of the following is not part of the inflammation response?
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The release of chemicals that attract white blood cells
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The formation of antibodies
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The increase of blood flow to the inflamed area
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All of the above are part of the inflammation response.
Questão 48
Questão
Which of the following is not part of the inflammation response?
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The release of histamine
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The increase in vascular permeability
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The stimulation of fibroblast growth
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All of the above are part of the inflammation response
Questão 49
Questão
When an antigen attaches to a naïve B cell, it becomes a(n) _______cell.
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memory
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plasma
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effector B
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All of the above are correct
Questão 50
Questão
In the first stage of their development, B cells are known by all of the following except ______B cells.
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effector
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naive
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inactive
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virgin
Questão 51
Questão
If a blood test indicated that a person had a high level of IgM antibodies in the blood, it could be concluded that:
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the person's body is responding to a re-exposure to an antigen
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the person's body is responding to the initial exposure to an antigen
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the person has an increasing likelihood that he will become allergic to an antigen
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no conclusion could be made
Questão 52
Questão
Which is the best explanation of how a white blood cell ingests and destroys a microorganism?
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The white blood cell engulfs the microorganism and then lysosomal enzymes destroy it
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The white blood cell allows the microorganism to be absorbed by osmosis and then lysosomal enzymes destroy it.
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The white blood cell engulfs the microorganism and chemotaxis destroys it
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The white blood cell allows the microorganism to be absorbed by osmosis and then diapedesis destroys it.
Questão 53
Questão
Which is the best explanation of how complement --a group of 20 inactive enzymes in the plasma and on cell surfaces--is active and produces cytolysis?
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Complement is "turned on" by the presence of bacteria
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Complement is activated by antibodies to "drill a hole" into foreign cells, thus causing cytolysis
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Complement causes vasoconstriction and inhibits phagocytosis
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Both A and B are correct
Questão 54
Questão
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of a(n):
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B cell-mediated condition
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T cell-mediated condition
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autoimmune condition that is caused by self-antigens being attacked
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isoimmune condition that is caused by self-antigens being attacked
Questão 55
Questão
When a patient starts to have rejection problems with a transplanted organ, the problems are usually caused by:
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a B cell-mediated condition
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human leukocyte antigens (HALs)
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self-antigens
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severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)
Questão 56
Questão
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages the immune system by ____cells.
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invading memory
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invading T
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overproduction of B
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overproduction of plasma
Questão 57
Questão
Why is it difficult to predict the total number of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases that will result from known HIV-infected patients?
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After a person is infected, the signs of AIDS infection might not be apparent for years
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The current treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) alters the infected cells.
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Infected cells begin to change only after azidothymidine (AZT) treatment is started.
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So many people have received the vaccine that there is no way to count who actually is infected
Questão 58
Questão
Which is the best explanation of how immune suppression can be helpful in preventing transplant rejection?
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The immune system sometimes reacts against foreign antigens in the grafted tissue, causing what is often called a rejection syndrome. Immune suppression drugs reduce the immune system's ability to attack the foreign antigens in the donated tissue.
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Because rejection is caused by an inappropriate and excessive response to self-antigens, giving immune suppression drugs would reduce the effect.
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Rejecting involves antigen-antibody reactions, mainly IgE triggered by repeated exposure to an allergen, which in this case is the transplanted organ
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Delayed allergic response occurs with transplanted organs, so immune suppressive drugs would reduce the allergic response and decrease rejection.
Questão 59
Questão
Two-year-old Jenny is undergoing treatment for leukemia and was exposed recently to chickenpox. Her oncologist decided to give her a dose of interferon. What effect was the physician hoping for with this approach?
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It would stop the virus from traveling over the sensory nerve of a single dermatome.
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It would cause an increase in white blood cells.
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It would inhibit the chickenpox infection from developing
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It would assist in the development of lymphocytes in the spleen.
Questão 60
Questão
Chris has very bad allergies, especially in the springtime, and is seeking help to overcome her allergic reactions. Why would an antihistamine help Chris be more comfortable?
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It would counter the effects of the self-antigen reaction.
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It would replace the allergen with a different chemical and this reduce her symptoms
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It would reduce the antigen-antibody reactions cause by the allergen.
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It would reduce the amount of human leukocyte antigen in her system.
Questão 61
Questão
Steven had mumps as a child. Why did he not experience symptoms at the age of 41 after he was again exposed to the mumps virus?
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He had an injection with weakened virus shortly before he was exposed.
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He had natural passive immunity to ward off the virus.
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He had artificial passive immunity that he received from his brother after he had the mumps.
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He developed active immunity as the result of having mumps as a child.
Questão 62
Questão
Lymphocyte that attacks pathogens directly.
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Phagocytosis
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Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Antibody
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B Cell
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Nonspecific Immunity
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Antigen
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T Cell
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Interferon
Questão 63
Questão
Ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
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Phagocytosis
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Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Antibody
-
B Cell
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Non Specific Immunity
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Antigen
-
T Cell
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Interferon
Questão 64
Questão
Mechanisms that provide specific protection against types of bacteria or toxins
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Phagocytosis
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Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Antibody
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B Cell
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Nonspecific Immunity
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Antigen
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T Cell
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Interferon
Questão 65
Questão
Macromolecule that induces the immune system to produces antibodies
Responda
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Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Antibody
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B cell
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Nonspecific Immunity
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Antigen
-
T Cell
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Interferon
Questão 66
Questão
Mechanisms that resist a variety of threatening agent or conditions
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Phagocytosis
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Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Anitbody
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B Cell
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Nonspecific Immunity
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Antigen
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T Cell
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Interferon
Questão 67
Questão
Protein produced by the immune system to interfere with the ability of viruses to cause disease
Responda
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Phagocytosis
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Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Antibody
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B Cell
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Nonspecific Immunity
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Antigen
-
T Cell
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Interferon
Questão 68
Questão
Substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
Responda
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Phagocytosis
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Specific Immunity
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Macrophage
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Antibody
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B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Questão 69
Questão
lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attack pathogens or direct other cells to attack them.
Responda
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Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Questão 70
Questão
phagocytic monocyte (nongranular WBC) in the immune system
Responda
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Questão 71
Questão
antibody that is found in tears and saliva
Responda
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Questão 72
Questão
the predominate class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen
Responda
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Questão 73
Questão
antibody that is associated with allergies
Responda
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Questão 74
Questão
antibody whose precise function is not yet known
Responda
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Questão 75
Questão
predominant class of antibody produced in the secondary response to an antigen
Responda
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Questão 76
Questão
A person gets a flu shot to keep from getting the flu
Responda
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive Immunity
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Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Questão 77
Questão
a person has had the mumps and is protected from getting them again
Responda
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Questão 78
Questão
a mother passes antibodies to her baby
Responda
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Questão 79
Questão
after exposure to hepatitis A, a person is given a gamma globulin (IgG) shot to keep him from getting hepatitis
Responda
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Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
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