The environment of living things: The environment of a living thing or organism includes everything that surrounds it. 2. The physical environment: The physical environment of a living thing is the combination of all the non-living components that surround it. The most important components are: water, air and soil.
3. Factors that affect the physical environment: Many characteristics of air, water and soil affect the physical environment of living things. These include: The amount of light in the environment which plants need to make food. The temperature of the environment, since most living things cannot survive in extreme temperatures. Salinity (the quantity of salt in water). Most freshwater fish cannot live in the sea and vice versa.
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2-Ecosystems
Species: A species is a group of individuals with similar characteristics that can reproduce within that group. 2. Populations and communities: A population is all the individuals of the same species living in a particular place. For example, all the frogs living in a lake make up a population. The populations that live in a particular place are dependent on one anotherfor survival. Together, they form a biological comunity 3. Ecosystems: The living things in a biological community interact with the physical environment that they live in. An ecosystem is the combination of the biological community ant the surrounding physical environment. A forest's ecosystems is made up the biological community (trees, deer, etc.) and the physical environment (soil, rocks, etc.)
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3-Terrestrial ecosystems
Meadow: A meadow is an ecosystems primarily made up of grass, although other shrubs may also grow there. Grazing animals and small mammals, like rodents, live in a meadows.
2. CityCities are artificial ecosystemscreated by humans and made up of streets and buildings. Other living things also live in a cities, like insects, birds and plants.
3. Forest A forest is an ecosystem made up of many trees combined withs crubland or meadow areas. Many different types of animals live in forest, from large mammals to small invertebrates.
5. Pond A pond is a body of water that forms naturally or artificially on land. Ponds are home to aquatic invertebrates like insects and crustacea. Some amphibians, like frogs, also reproduce there.
A habitat is a place where a living thing lives. The habitat of a living thing must have the right environmental conditionals for it to survive there. For example: A trout's habitat must have fresh, clean water and lots of oxygen. A holly's perfect habitat is a cool, dark forest.
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6-How ecosystems work
1. Relationships between livin things; There are different types of relationships between the living things in a ecosystems: Feeding relationships: One living thing feeds on another. Competition: Two o more living things compete for the same resources. Cooperative relationships: Living things join together for a mutual advantage.
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7-Producers and consumers
The most important relationships in a ecosystems are releated to food. We can find: Producers: Living things that can make their own food. They are always plants or algae. Primary consumers. Animals that eat plants. Secondary consumers: Animals that eat herbivores. Tertiary consumers: Animals that feed on secondary consumers.
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8-Food chains
The living things in a ecosystems form a food chains. A food chain shows how living things rely on each other for food. A food web is a group is a group of connected food chains. In a food web, we can see how the same living thing may provide fod dor several animals.
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